The 100-volume series of "A General Examination of the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents" will be published soon. This is the first time that Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) have been compiled together by photocopying, which will make the study of the early dissemination history of Marxism in China a big step forward qualitatively. The "translation" here refers to the works of Marx and Engels published separately in China, including monographs and their translated versions, selected letters and special collections; Second, it refers to the complete translations of Marx and Engels’ works in periodicals or newspapers in the form of serials and in other collections. A translation is different from a version, and the translation is based on the translator. The same translation may be printed by different publishers for many times, resulting in multiple versions. So, before 1949, how many Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works were there?

　　In 1899, Chinese learned the names of Marx and Engels. The titles, fragments and abridged translations of some works of Marx and Engels have appeared in many books, periodicals and newspapers in China. For example, Li Dazhao once translated several passages from Poverty of Philosophy, communist party Declaration and Das Kapital, and the English version of the communist party Declaration was published in the Japanese newspaper Tianyi, and the translator Min Ming also translated the first chapter of the communist party Declaration. However, due to the incomplete translation, readers can’t accurately understand Marx and Engels’ theoretical viewpoints, so this series has not included it as a translation. Mao Zedong once said: "Some people, such as Liang Qichao and Zhu Zhixin, once mentioned Marxism. It is said that there is someone who translated Engels’ The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science in a magazine. This man is Shi Renrong, who translated and published Engels’ book in the bimonthly New World in Shanghai in 1912, and then translated it as Ideal Socialism and Implementing Socialism. Shi Renrong’s translation is not a complete translation, which fails to translate several paragraphs at the end of the third part of the original work and a brief overview of the whole development process at last. At the same time, it is more accurate to call it "translation narration", including the translator’s own narrative elements, which do not strictly follow the narrative logic of Engels’ original works and have been deleted and added in content. Therefore, this series has not been included.

　　During the May 4th Movement, from May 9th to June 1st, 1919, Beijing Morning Post serialized Labor and Capital, which is now translated as Hired Labor and Capital, and the translator signed it. This is a work published by Marx in the New Rheinische Zeitung in 1849 and published separately in 1891. Because the translation is complete, it is called Hired Labor. In July 1921, before the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there were two Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works, namely, the Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration published by the Shanghai Institute of Socialism in August 1920, which was the first complete and separate Chinese translation of this classic work of Marx and Engels. Almost at the same time, Shanghai Qunyi Bookstore published Engels’ Zheng Cichuan translation of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development, which was then translated as Scientific Socialism.

Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration

　　After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), several versions appeared in China: Yuan Rang’s version of Wage Labor and Capital, published by Guangzhou People’s Publishing House in December 1921, was translated as Wage Labor and Capital; On May 15th, 1922, Xiong Deshan’s translation of Critique of the Gotha Program was published in No.4 (Marxt), Volume I of Beijing Today Magazine, which was translated as Critique of the Gotha Program. Li Ji’s translation of Wages, Prices and Profits was published by the Commercial Press in October 1922, and it was translated as Value Price and Profits. On April 10th, 1923, the translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published in New Era, Volume 1, No.1, Hunan Self-study University, and it was translated as Criticism Outside the Program of the German Labor Party. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science; Li’s English version was serialized in the supplement of Shanghai National Daily from February to March in 1925, and it was translated as Utopian and Scientific Socialism. Peng Xuepei’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was serialized in Xuedeng magazine, a supplement of Shanghai Current Affairs News, in May 1925, and translated as Critique of the Program of the German Labor Party. Li Chunfan’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published by Shanghai Liberation Series in August 1925, and it was translated as Critique of Gotha Program. The Zhu Jingwo version of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development was published by Shanghai Creation Society in May, 1925, and it was translated as the Development of Socialism. So far, there are 11 complete Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

　　After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was destroyed. However, the leaders of the Party and the United and progressive cultural workers continued to spread Marxism and compiled and published the classic works of Marx and Engels in the white terror environment. From 1927 to 1937, before the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the collected translations can be divided into the following categories:

　　The first category is that the works published by Marx and Engels were translated into Chinese, including Lu Yiyuan’s translation of The French-German Peasant Problem, which was published by Shanghai Far East Book Company in May 1928. Huang Siyue’s translation of "The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science" was published by Shanghai Taidong Bookstore in August, 1928, and it was translated as "Outline of Socialist Development". In May 1929, Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau published Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Wage, Price and Profit, Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Hired Labor and Capital, and Yin Zhu Society’s translation of the latter. The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State was translated by Ying Li Yang and published by Shanghai New Life Bookstore in June, 1929. Du Zhujun’s translation of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Shanghai Shuimo Bookstore in October, 1929. Peng Jiasheng’s translation of "The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy" was published by Shanghai Qiangshu Company in December 1929 and translated into Feuerbach. Liu Man’s translation of Criticism of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Lequn Bookstore in March, 1930, and it was translated as Economic Criticism. The translation of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in April 1930, and it was translated as Feuerbach and the End of Classical Philosophy. LouisThe 18th Foggy Moon of Bonaparte translated by Chen Zhongtao was published by Shanghai Nanqiang Bookstore in May, 1930, and it was translated as The Third Coup of Napoleon. Liu Jingyuan’s translation of German Revolution and Counter-Revolution was published by Shanghai New Life Publishing House in May 1930, and it was translated as Revolution and Counter-Revolution. Zou Zhongyin’s translation of "Speech on Free Trade" was published by Shanghai United Bookstore in August 1930 and translated as "Free Trade". Wu Liping’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in November 1930. Qian Tieru’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in December, 1930, and it was translated as Anti-Turin Theory. Hua Gang’s translation of the communist party Declaration was published by the Shanghai Chinese and Foreign Social Science Research Society in 1930, and it was translated as the Declaration. Guo Moruo’s translation of Critique of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in December 1931. The Xu Deheng version of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Beiping East Asia Bookstore in July 1932, and it was translated as The Poverty of Philosophy. Du Wei’s translation of Dialectics of Nature was the only complete translation before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in August 1932. The Qing Li version of The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Socialist Research Society in November 1932, and it was translated as Feuerbach. In 1932, there were two versions of Engels’ book German Peasant War, namely, Qian Yishi’s translation published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society, and Li Yixin’s translation published by Shanghai Lehua Book Company.The latter was translated as German Peasant War.

Lu Yiyuan’s Translation of the Franco-German Peasant Problem

Liu Man’s Translation of Critique of Political Economy

　　The second category is the translated version published separately, including the translation of Lu Yiyuan’s section of Dialectics of Nature, and the section of "The Role of Labor in the Transformation from Ape to Man" in Engels’ Dialectics of Nature, which was published by Shanghai Chunchao Bookstore in November 1928 and translated as "The Origin of Marxist Race". The translation of Dialectics of Nature into Song Festival was published by Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau in September, 1930, and it was translated as From Ape to Man. Guo Moruo’s translation of the Holy Family, in which the contents of the fifth and eighth chapters are abridged, was published by the Tokyo Literature and Art Society in May 1936, and its translation was called Authenticity of Works of Art.. Marx’s masterpiece Das Kapital has not yet had a complete translation in this period, and even the first volume was completed in the form of abridged translation and relay. Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I, Volume I) was first translated by Chen Qixiu and published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in March 1930, while Volume I, Volume II and Volume III were translated by Pan Dongzhou, respectively. In September 1932, Das Kapital (the first volume) was translated into Chinese by Wang Shenming and Hou Wailu, and published by Beijing International Society. Four years later, the second volume and the middle volume were published by the World Famous Works Translation Society. The two translators were named Yu Shu and You Ming respectively. According to the naming rules, the former is called Wang Shenming’s translation and Hou Wailu’s translation, while the latter must be called Yu Shu and You Ming’s translation. In addition, Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I)The translations of Wu Bannong and Qianjiaju were published by the Commercial Press in May 1934, and have not been translated since then.

　　The third category is the translations included in other collections. In October 1929, the book Religion, Philosophy and Socialism compiled by Lin Chaozhen was published by Shanghai Hubin Bookstore, which included Engels’ two works, The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science and The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy. It can be called Lin Chaozhen’s translation, which was then translated into Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. In February, 1930, the Shanghai Social Science Research Association published Selected Translations of Marx’s Papers compiled by Li Yimang, which included Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital, which can be called Li Yimang’s translation, and translated into Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital. In March 1930, the book The Basis of Marxism published by Shanghai Social Science Research Society included Engels’ Principles of Communism and Wage Labor and Capital, namely Pan Hongwen’s translation. In addition, The Critique of Materialism of Mechanism, published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in May, 1932, completely included The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy, which can be called the translation of Yang Dongkui and Ning Dunwu. So far, the number of Chinese versions has reached 49.

Critique of Materialism of Mechanism: Yang Dongchong’s and Ning Dunwu’s Translation

　　From the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the number of translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China continued to increase, and Yan ‘an became the publishing center of Marxist classics. During this period, there was a compilation of Marx and Engels’ expositions on China, and a translation of Fang Naiyi by Wuhan China Publishing House in March 1938, entitled "Ma En on China"; In addition, in November 1938, Yang Kezhai’s translation of Zhulin Bookstore in Shanghai was entitled "Comments on China". There are also excerpted versions of the discourses on literature and art in Marx and Engels’ works, such as Yi Yi’s translation entitled "On the Art of Science" by Shanghai Reading Publishing House in October 1940 and Ouyang Fanhai’s translation entitled "On the Literature of Marx and Engels" by Reading Life Publishing House in November 1939. In December 1939, Yan ‘an Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine published the translation of Selected Works of Engels’ Military Papers (Volume I), and its subsequent volumes were published after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In 1940, Engels’ literature on the British Workers’ Movement was compiled by Wu Wentao and published in China Workers’ Society in Yan ‘an, with the title "The British Workers’ Movement".　

　　During this period, China also compiled five kinds of anthologies of Marx and Engels’ letters, namely, Guo Dali’s translation of Capital Correspondence Collection in April 1939, Ke Bainian’s and Ai Siqi’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in June 1939, Lin Chaozhen’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in May 1947, and Letter to Dr. Gugeman in April 1948.

　　During this period, three volumes of Das Kapital were published in full translation, namely, Guo Dali’s and Wang Yanan’s translations, which were published continuously by Reading Life Publishing House from August to September, 1938. In 1940, Guo Dali’s and Peng Dixian’s versions of Addendum and Corrigendum to Das Kapital were also published. Related to this, the three-volume Theory of Surplus Value, known as the fourth volume of Das Kapital, also published Guo Dali’s translation in May 1949. In order to deeply study Marx’s viewpoints in Das Kapital, China has also compiled and published a series of articles on Engels’ interpretation of the book, including two versions of Engels’ On Das Kapital published in January 1939, translated by Zhang Hanfu and Xu Dixin, and translated by He Xilin published in August 1939.　

　　During this period, there were two versions of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science that were not signed by the translator, which could be called the anonymous version of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science. The other one was published by Hankou Xinhan Publishing House in April, 1938, and it was translated as "From Utopian Socialism to Scientific Socialism". These two versions can only be distinguished according to the publishing unit. There is also an anonymous translation of the Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State, which was published by Minghua Publishing House in June 1938 and translated into the Origin of Family, Private Property and State.

　　During this period, there are also Chinese translations of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy, which were translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1937 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science was translated by Wu Liping in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The communist party Declaration was translated by Cheng Fangwu and Bing Xu in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Moscow in 1943. Wages, Prices and Profits were translated westward in 1938 and translated by Wang Xuewen in 1939. Guo Moruo’s translation of German Ideology in 1938 and Kirsch’s translation in 1941; The French Civil War was translated by Wu Liping and Liu Yun in 1938 and Guo He in 1939. On the Jewish Problem, translated by Guo He in 1939; Wang Xuewen’s translation of wage labor and capital in 1939 and Shen Zhiyuan’s translation in 1939; German Revolution and Counter-Revolution, 1939 translated by Wang Shiwei and Ke Bainian; Critique of the Gotha Program: He Sijing and Bing Xu’s translation in 1939; The 18th Fog Moon in louis bonaparte, a 1940 translation by Robert Coburn; The role of violence in history, Cao Ting’s translation in 1940; Family, Private Ownership and the Origin of the State translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1941; Cao Ting’s translation of the Franco-Prussian War in 1941; The Class Struggle in France, a 1942 edition by Robert Copernicus; Dialectics of Nature translated by Yu Guangyuan and Cao Baohua in 1948; Lin Ruo’s 1949 translation of Principles of Communism;The Poverty of Philosophy translated by He Sijing in 1949, and so on. Chen Shoushi’s translation of the communist party Declaration is included in the appendix of Comparative Economic System, and the publication time is unknown, which belongs to the translation before 1949. In addition, Liu Man’s translation of Marx’s Speech on Free Trade and Guo Moruo’s translation are included in the appendix of Critique of Political Economy respectively. Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), there were 98 Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

Guo Dali and Wang Yanan’s Translation of Das Kapital

　　In the process of editing the 100-volume series, we corrected the inaccuracies in the previous materials according to the originals, photos and textual research methods. Due to the limitation of the publishing scale of the series, the 100-volume series failed to fully include all the translations before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and some translations were not collected due to the age, which still needs further textual research.

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

　　Author: Wang Zhanyi, former vice president of Inner Mongolia Branch of Xinhua News Agency

March is the most beautiful day in the world, and the spring flowers are blooming. On the occasion of the 114th "March 8th" International Women’s Day, in order to carry forward the spirit of the new era and show the elegant demeanor of women, the theme activity of creative flower arrangement on March 8th Women’s Day was held in Guizhou Vocational College of Water Resources and Hydropower.

Flower arrangement experience site.

Professional floral teachers were invited to explain and guide the female teachers on the spot. From the teaching of flower arrangement skills to the flower language and blessings contained in various flowers, everyone listened to the floral teacher’s explanation and carefully trimmed them. The flowers were overflowing on the spot. In the process of feeling, appreciating and creating beauty, everyone cultivated their sentiments and enhanced their communication, further enhancing the creativity, cohesion and hands-on ability of female workers.

During the lucky draw, the college trade union prepared Chinese brocade boxes, embroidery barrels, exquisite bouquets and other prizes for everyone, and the event site was very lively.

Lucky draw.

This activity enriched the cultural life of female workers, stimulated their enthusiasm for work, expressed their love for life and showed their elegant feelings. It not only conveyed good wishes to everyone, let everyone enjoy this rare leisure time after busy work, but also enhanced the friendship between colleagues and won unanimous praise. After the work is completed, everyone will show and appreciate each other, hold up the work and take photos as a souvenir, leaving a beautiful moment.

Event prizes.

Event site.

Everyone said that through this activity, they not only experienced the fun of floral production, fully felt the artistic beauty of floral production, but also relieved their body and mind, reduced pressure and empowered them. Next, they will devote themselves to their work with a fuller mental state, and make contributions to the high-quality development of the college with the pride of "keeping a woman alive". (Text/Shao Lilin Photo courtesy of Guizhou Vocational College of Water Resources and Hydropower)

　　CCTV News:According to the "Healthy Beijing" WeChat WeChat official account news, from 0: 00 to 15: 00 on November 4, there were 24 new cases of COVID-19 virus infection in Beijing, including 21 isolated observers and 3 social screening personnel; 8 cases in Chaoyang District, 6 cases in Changping District, 2 cases in Dongcheng District, Shunyi District, Pinggu District and Miyun District, and 1 case in Haidian District and Daxing District. 21 cases were mild and 3 cases were asymptomatic. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

　　Infected person 496: now living in the bungalow of Wangxinzhuang Street in Pinggu District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and on November 4, he was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected person 497: now living in Building 10, Fuhai Jiayuan, Daxing District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 498: I now live in Row 57, Pingxiang Dongyuan, Pinggu District. As a risk person, he was isolated at home. On November 3, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and on November 4, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 499: I now live in Building 32, East Chang ‘an District, Miyun District. As a risk person, he was isolated at home. On November 3, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and on November 4, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected persons 500 and 503: It was found through social nucleic acid screening that they now live at No.9 Houjie, Dongdulan Village, Shunyi District. Normalized nucleic acid detection was carried out on November 3, and the results reported on November 4 were all positive. The confirmed cases were diagnosed that day, and the clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 501: I now live in Building 2, No.28, Garden North Road B, Haidian District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 502: Now living in Caonian Village, Changping District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected persons 504 and 508: they live together and now live in Building 2, Xiejie Street, Waiguan, Chaoyang District. As close contacts, centralized isolation was carried out. On November 3rd, the results of nucleic acid test were all positive. On November 4th, 504 infected people were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people, and 508 infected people were diagnosed as confirmed cases, with mild clinical classification.

　　Infected person 505: currently living in Building 1, Waiguan West Street, Chaoyang District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 506: I now live at No.458, Banjieta Village, Changping District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected persons 507 and 512: currently living in the bungalow of Waiguan East Street, Chaoyang District. As close contacts, they were isolated in a centralized way. On November 3rd, all the nucleic acid test results were positive, and on November 4th, they were diagnosed as confirmed cases, with mild clinical classification.

　　Infected person 509: now living in No.4 Courtyard of Mafang Temple, Wenhua Avenue, guanyin temple, Chaoyang District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and on November 4, he was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection.

　　Infected persons 510 and 517: now living in Building 47, Penglai Apartment, Changping District. As close contacts, they were isolated. On November 3rd and 4th, the results of nucleic acid test were all positive, and on November 4th, they were diagnosed as confirmed cases, with mild clinical classification.

　　Infected person 511: I now live in Building 3, No.2 Hospital of Huixin Beili, Chaoyang District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected persons 513 and 514: they are members of the same family and now live in Building 22, Tugou New Village, Changping District. As close contacts, they were isolated in a centralized way. On November 3rd, all the nucleic acid test results were positive, and on November 4th, they were diagnosed as confirmed cases, with mild clinical classification.

　　Infected person 515: currently living in Building 2, Zone A, Jinzejiayuan, Chaoyang District. As a close contact, he was isolated intensively. On November 4th, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and he was diagnosed as a confirmed case that day, and his clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 516: I now live in No.8 Hospital, B Huangsi Street, Dongcheng District. As a close contact, he was isolated. On November 3rd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on November 4th, he was diagnosed as a confirmed case. The clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 518: It was found through social nucleic acid screening that he now lives in Building 2, Hepingli District 7, Dongcheng District. Normalized nucleic acid detection was carried out on November 3, and the report result was positive on November 4, and the case was diagnosed as a confirmed case that day, and the clinical classification was mild.

　　Infected person 519: I now live at No.88 Xinnan Road, Miyun District. As a close contact, he was isolated intensively. On November 4th, he reported that the nucleic acid test result was positive, and he was diagnosed as a confirmed case that day, and his clinical classification was mild.

CCTV News:In early March, the State Council issued "Opinions on Further Optimizing Payment Services to Improve Payment Convenience", emphasizing the parallel development of mobile payment, bank cards, cash and other payment methods, and demanding that the payment habits of different groups should be targeted, and the existing blocking points of payment services should be opened, and the multi-level and diversified payment service system should be continuously improved. What problems do different people and industries face in the payment market? How do all parties improve the convenience of payment? Come and see the reporter’s report.

Recently, the reporter visited and found that many banks have carried out aging transformation for the elderly group and launched the application program for the elderly. Mr. Li is using an elder version of the application.

He told reporters that when you pay by mobile phone, you can’t see clearly when you are old, and you can’t always find the payment interface. Now you don’t worry about it.

Not only that, foreigners in China also have new choices in payment. For foreigners who are used to using bank cards such as Visa and MasterCard, in the past, they had to submit a lot of materials to bind foreign cards, but now they can get a certain amount of payment authority through simplified authentication.

In addition to providing more convenience for specific groups of people, some banks have also done their homework in the field of professional segmentation. In this aquatic product market in Guangzhou, merchants have used a function card specially customized by the bank for aquatic products trading in this market.

Huang Wenxuan, manager of the market product group of the settlement and cash management department of China Industrial and Commercial Bank Guangzhou Branch, said: "Touch the card on it to identify its identity, and then put the goods on the scale to weigh. You can see the total amount of the whole transaction, synchronize it to our side in real time, and complete the transfer of funds between the buyer and the seller. "

Guangdong: the payment market has great commercial value, and the payment environment should be healthy and orderly.

All major banks and payment institutions are "showing their magic" around the "payment" market. How can the payment market actively, healthily and orderly promote payment convenience? Continue to read the report.

There is no doubt that the payment market has great commercial value. If we can make a breakthrough in payment, we can increase user stickiness and trust. Not only that, the payment market also carries a variety of values such as data and services. Mining the payment market also means that you can extend your services and broaden your business model.

Qin Jian, deputy general manager of the settlement and cash management department of China Industrial and Commercial Bank Guangzhou Branch, said: "By empowering settlement finance, the capital flow and information flow of transactions are integrated, and at the same time, we also provide more targeted convenience services to make ordinary people feel convenient."

The payment market has great potential. During the interview, many experts also said that security is the primary problem that needs to be solved at present in order to really win the favor of users.

Jiang Yingxia, secretary general of Guangzhou Digital Finance Association, said: "This requires payment institutions to strengthen security management and adopt advanced encryption technology and risk control system to ensure the payment safety of users."

In December last year, the State Council issued the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Non-bank Payment Institutions, in order to strengthen the supervision of the payment market and protect the rights and interests of consumers. Nowadays, both banks and non-bank institutions are doing their homework on digital certificates and dynamic passwords, striving for convenience and ensuring security.

Ye Shuai, a professor of finance at the School of Economics and Management of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), said that a convenient and safe payment environment requires the cooperation of the government and society, such as cultural tourism and transportation departments. In some important places, we also provide a variety of payment options. At the same time, we should also increase the popularization of financial security. For foreigners coming to China, we can increase the popularization and promotion of digital RMB wallets.

　　CCTV News:2023 China International E-Commerce Expo opened in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province on June 15th. More than 1,200 enterprises from home and abroad participated in the exhibition, and the first day of the exhibition attracted more than 80,000 buyers and professional visitors from home and abroad.

　　This year, China International E-Commerce Expo has more than 2,100 booths, with more than 1,200 enterprises from the United States, Germany, South Korea, Singapore, the Philippines, Nigeria and 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) participating. The exhibition covers an area of 50,000 square meters, including eight exhibition areas, including digital commerce and cross-border e-commerce. There are not only concentrated appearances of traditional products, but also concrete displays of the whole e-commerce industry chain at home and abroad.

　　Behind the popularity of the exhibition site is the steady development of e-commerce. The latest data shows that January — In May, the national online retail sales reached 5,690.6 billion yuan, up 13.8% year-on-year, compared with January — It accelerated by 1.5 percentage points in April. Among them, the online retail sales of physical goods was 4,805.5 billion yuan, up by 11.8%, accounting for 25.6% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods. In the online retail sales of physical goods, food, clothing and consumer goods increased by 8.4%, 14.6% and 11.5% respectively.

　　It is understood that this Expo will also hold more than 20 supporting activities such as China International E-commerce Summit and World Digital Trade Conference around the hot spots and new trends of digital economy, e-commerce talents and other industries.

　　Open up emerging markets, focus on global cross-border e-commerce platform.

　　At the 2023 China International E-Commerce Expo, more than 20 world-renowned cross-border e-commerce platforms were unveiled. Covering many markets such as Europe, America, Southeast Asia, South Korea, Russian, Latin America and Africa, it has opened up overseas sales channels for "Made in China" and helped American sellers to explore emerging markets.

　　In the cross-border e-commerce exhibition area, buyers who come to consult are in an endless stream. This cross-border e-commerce platform for the Latin American market has opened four cross-border sites in Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Colombia to China sellers, and there are more than 20,000 active sellers in China.

　　Emerging markets, the blue ocean of cross-border e-commerce, are attracting more and more cross-border e-commerce platforms and China sellers. At this exhibition, another cross-border e-commerce platform plans to hold more than 20 presentations to attract China sellers to explore the global market. At present, there are 18 cross-border sites open to sellers in China, among which, Indian, Mexican, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and other emerging market sites are developing rapidly.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 2nd Title: Consolidate the Foundation of "Stability" and Concentrate the Power of "Progress" —— Scanning the current economic and social development in various parts of the country

Xinhua news agency reporter

Spring is getting stronger, and it is warm and cold at first sight. At present, China’s epidemic prevention and control work is facing severe challenges, and the pressure of steady growth is increasing.

Xinhua News Agency reporters went deep into the front-line investigation and found that in the face of multiple pressures, all localities conscientiously implemented the important instructions of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, and increased the intensity of precise prevention and control. At the same time, they tried their best to stabilize the chain, strive for steady growth, race against time to busy spring ploughing, and take many measures to benefit people’s livelihood … In coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, they made firm progress towards achieving the annual development goal.

Persistence is Victory —— Fighting against Epidemic and Grasping Development

The production line is running at a high speed, and the workers are nervous and busy, and the fiery breath of catching up is coming from the production workshop of fujifilm Manufacturing (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

"We must strive to get back the production time." The general manager of the company, Long Tail Minqing, introduced that it has contributed 70% of the global production of fujifilm Group. At present, on the basis of doing a good job in epidemic prevention, the company is making every effort to grab the progress by expanding the production team and working in two shifts.

The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee meeting held on March 17th emphasized that it is necessary to make overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, take more effective measures, strive to achieve the maximum prevention and control effect at the least cost, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on economic and social development.

Shenzhen is fighting at the same time on the "three fronts" of stopping the local epidemic, supporting Hong Kong in fighting the epidemic and ensuring the smooth and orderly operation of the city, and doing its best to prevent and control the epidemic in the city.

Adhere to the "one chain, one policy" and "one enterprise, one policy" to continuously enhance the resilience of the industry to cope with the impact of the epidemic; Take out real money to help market players to transfuse blood and promote blood circulation, reduce rent, reduce water and electricity charges, and delay the payment of social insurance premiums … It is estimated that the burden on market players will exceed 75 billion yuan.

Port is an important defense line for foreign defense input, and it is also an important link to stabilize the industrial chain supply chain and ensure the smooth internal and external circulation of the economy.

The reporter learned from the press conference held by the Information Office of Shandong Provincial Government on March 29th that the epidemic in Shandong Province since the end of February has been effectively controlled.

Even in the most tense stage of epidemic prevention and control, the fully automatic container terminal of Qingdao Port, Shandong Port, a northern port, is still around the clock. In the first quarter, the container throughput is expected to increase by 22.8% year-on-year, and the single-machine operation efficiency of bridge crane has set a new world record for loading and unloading efficiency for the eighth time.

Behind the "unmanned wharf" is refined control. "This achievement is hard-won, and every minute we strive for is crucial for ensuring a stable supply chain!" Li Bo, assistant general manager of the terminal, said.

It is particularly critical that the epidemic situation blocks the flow of people and ensures the efficient and smooth logistics, capital flow and information flow that support the stable operation of the economy.

Shanghai strives to "fight on two fronts", tries its best to curb the spread of the epidemic and make every effort to ensure the efficient and smooth flow of major arteries such as finance and trade.

Shanghai Stock Exchange, Shanghai Futures Exchange, China Financial Futures Exchange and other major financial factor markets all opened for trading on time, and smoothly completed all-day trading; Shanghai Port is still busy, and the container throughput per day is still around 140,000 TEUs …

To ensure the people’s normal production and life are stable and orderly, the supply of energy such as coal, electricity, oil and gas is the foundation, and the safe and stable operation of the chemical industry is very important.

Since March, the crude oil processing load of Jilin Petrochemical Company has been increased to more than 25,000 tons per day, and it has been actively optimized and adjusted according to market demand.

Facing the epidemic situation, Jilin Petrochemical quickly adjusted the management mode of production operation, implemented closed operation and grid management, and intensified special inspections in view of the characteristics of large temperature changes in winter and spring to ensure safe and stable operation of production and fully guarantee energy supply. (Reporter Chen Yuxuan, Wang Kai, He Xinrong, Ma Xiaocheng, Si Xiaoshuai reported)

Maintain strategic strength-stabilize the basic disk and anchor high quality

Prophet of Chunjiang plumbing "machine" Sany Heavy Industry’s "Excavator Index" based on the Internet platform of Shugen Internet shows that the average workload of excavators and truck cranes nationwide increased steadily in March compared with the previous two months, which means that a large number of key projects were started intensively, conveying a positive signal of steady growth in investment.

Under the current complicated and severe domestic and international situation, it is very important to maintain a stable economic operation in the first quarter and the first half of the year to achieve the annual goal.

Expanding effective investment is an important measure to promote the steady growth of expanding domestic demand.

The spring breeze in March swept the Liuyang River. On a construction site of Malanshan Video Wenchuang Industrial Park in Changsha, Hunan Province, eight excavators of the General Contracting Company of China Construction Fifth Bureau were under intense construction, and the engine roared one after another.

A publishing "DreamWorks" integrating creative center, media art center, publishing museum and other formats will rise. On the land of Sanxiang, 309 provincial key projects are accelerating this year, with a total investment of 1.89 trillion yuan and an annual planned investment of 452.7 billion yuan.

In Guizhou, with the comprehensive launch of the "East Counting and West Computing" project, local new infrastructure projects are being pushed forward.

In China Unicom’s an yun data center, the second-phase construction planning and preliminary preparations for civil works are in full swing. Guizhou plans to implement a large-scale promotion of digital facilities, and strive to invest 17 billion yuan in the field of big data throughout the year.

The busyness of coastal ports reflects the temperature of economic operation.

The whistle sounded, and the "Golden Star Brett" berthed at Tianjin Port Alliance International Container Terminal officially set sail. This "China-Australia Express" route, which was first opened in Tianjin Port, will put seven professional container ships between Tianjin and Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane in Australia.

"The opening of the new route has reduced the delivery cycle of enterprises from 50 days to 25 days, and the capital turnover is faster." Yu Guangzhu, marketing manager of Tianjin Wanda Tire Group Co., Ltd. said.

Take measures to stabilize foreign trade and help the economy run smoothly. According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs on March 7, in the first two months of this year, China’s total import and export value was 6.2 trillion yuan, up 13.3% year-on-year, of which exports increased by 13.6%, basically achieving a stable foreign trade.

If the grain is stable, the world will be safe, and the spring ploughing map is slowly unfolding from south to north.

The snow and ice in the black land began to melt, and spring ploughing was just the time. Farmers come in to buy seeds from time to time at Huifeng Seed Distribution Office in Lanxi County, Heilongjiang Province.

"Last year, I only planted 5 mu of soybeans. Because there are many subsidies for planting soybeans this year, I am going to increase it to 150 mu." Yue Wei, a farmer from Hongguang Town, Lanxi County, calculated an "economic account" for the reporter.

This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to vigorously implement the soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project. Heilongjiang is the largest production and supply base of high-quality soybeans in China. This year, the soybean planting area will increase by more than 10 million mu, and the output is expected to increase by more than 2.6 billion Jin.

Have food in your hand, but don’t panic in your heart. To ensure the reasonable income of grain farmers, and not to miss the farming season, practical measures are being taken to ensure that Chinese’s rice bowl is firmly in its own hands.

From the construction site to the factory building, from the port to the farmland, we insist on stability and progress. With the gradual implementation of various policies, the powerful force to stabilize the macroeconomic market is growing; Firmly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and new energy to promote high-quality development is being accumulated.

The robotic arm flips deftly, and the 1Hz low-power AMOLED display screen of the independent innovation product "spits out" neatly from the production line … The sixth-generation all-flexible high-definition AMOLED production line of Visionox production base covering an area of 745 mu in the north of Hefei, Anhui Province has been continuously running and supplying for 24 hours, and entered a new stage of capacity and yield climbing.

Rely on innovation to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry and cultivate new kinetic energy. In the first two months of this year, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Anhui Province increased by 8.8% year-on-year, and the output value of strategic emerging industries increased by 19.4%, which was 3.2 percentage points faster than the industrial output value. (Reporter Bai Tiantian, Xiang Dingjie, Wang Jinghuai, Huang Teng, Ma Shurui, Zhang Jian reported)

Adhere to the people first-solve problems and benefit the enterprise and the people

A bowl of hot mutton soup exudes the fireworks of the city and conveys the confidence and warmth of individual merchants.

On March 24th, the day when the national policy of reducing or exempting the value-added tax for small-scale taxpayers was promulgated, Zhang Wenwen, the owner of Four Seasons Mutton Restaurant in Shuanggou Town, Suining County, Xuzhou City, delivered a bowl of hot mutton soup to every customer for free. Benefiting from the latest burden reduction policy, this mutton restaurant is expected to reduce the value-added tax by nearly 100,000 yuan for the whole year. "The country sent a’ big red envelope’ and we also sent a’ small gift package’."

About 2.5 trillion yuan-in recent years, the largest implementation of combined tax refund and tax reduction has begun. Recently, the central level has intensively introduced relevant burden reduction policies such as tax rebates, and local implementation and supporting measures have been released one after another.

Jiangsu, the introduction of "Su Zheng 40" precision drip irrigation small and medium-sized enterprises; In Liaoning, 445 preferential tax and fee policies are "free to apply and enjoy"; Gansu, providing "zero time difference" service for policy implementation …

"Cash flow is the lifeline. At present, our investment in Suzhou projects has exceeded 3 billion yuan. This year’s VAT refund will effectively ease our financial pressure and strengthen our confidence." Guo Xiangdong, deputy general manager of Innoseco (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. said. The production lines of this unicorn enterprise in the third-generation semiconductor field are operating in an orderly manner, and the construction of the Suzhou R&D building project is accelerating.

Spring is getting stronger, and magnolia flowers are blooming. In order to promote the effectiveness of financial policies, Beijing has established a team of micro-financial service consultants to accurately pulse all kinds of enterprises and let financial institutions "dare to lend and be willing to lend".

"I didn’t expect the government to take the initiative to come to the door, and the first loan of 500,000 yuan from pure credit continued the life of the enterprise." Guo Yinlong, founder of Beijing Xiyou Food Technology Co., said that micro-financial service consultants helped them find guarantee companies, apply for guarantee fees and loan interest rate subsidies, and helped enterprises tide over the "cold winter" of funds until the spring of this year.

During the "Golden Three Silver Four" recruitment season, all localities are in full swing to promote employment. Focusing on key industries and focusing on key groups, new measures to promote employment have also come one after another.

"Recruitment of Web front-end development engineers, operation and maintenance engineers, IT engineers …" Chongqing Shangyou Technology Co., Ltd., a high-tech enterprise in communication technology, urgently needs to recruit a group of technicians recently. After posting the recruitment demand in Chongqing’s digital economy talent market, dozens of resumes were received soon.

In order to introduce digital economy talents, Chongqing Digital Economy Talent Market launched the "Online Talent Introduction Activity for Digital Economy Talents". By the end of March, more than 36,000 recruitment demands had been released by units that had attracted more than 1,700 households.

Liao Wei, a migrant worker from Renshou County, Sichuan Province, has just found a job in the human resources market in Jinjiang District, Chengdu, and is waiting to go to an employment enterprise by bus. "I am a welder, and I have negotiated a position with a company, with a monthly salary of more than 4,000 yuan. Looking for a job is quite smooth, and I am quite satisfied with this treatment. "

It is understood that Sichuan Province is in full swing to build a comprehensive service station for migrant workers in the province, and strive to open up the "last mile" of services to ensure the employment of migrant workers.

From the central government to the local government, from the city to the countryside, in response to the current complex situation, governments at all levels have strictly controlled various expenditures to live too tight, and saved the people to effectively improve people’s livelihood and well-being.

Loufan county, Shanxi Province is located in the hinterland of Luliang Mountain. This year, under the tight financial situation, it increased 20 million yuan to invest in education and awarded basic performance awards to more than 1,100 teachers in compulsory education in the county, so as to meet the requirement that the salary of teachers in compulsory education should not be lower than the average salary of civil servants.

I found that my monthly salary has increased by 1,830 yuan recently. Chang Yongchun, a teacher at Dujiaoqu Town Central School in loufan county, said with emotion: "It can greatly improve my life at home and let me take root in teaching in the countryside with peace of mind."

The spring is bright and the bees are dancing sweetly. Liu Fuhua, a poverty-stricken household in Jiangshan Village, Dongshang Township, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province, has raised more than 70 boxes of bees this year, and with the income from working nearby, he can earn 100,000 yuan a year. Recently, he put buying a car on the agenda.

In order to cultivate modern agricultural industry and increase farmers’ income, Dongshang Township has integrated more than 30 mu of land with a total capital of 400,000 yuan, encouraging cooperatives to build demonstration bee farms and driving more villagers to participate in the "sweet industry".

Wind, frost, rain and snow can’t stop the pace of spring. As long as we strengthen our confidence, unite as one, consolidate the foundation of "stability" and unite the strength of "progress", we will surely reap fruitful results. (Reporter Pan Ye, Chen Xu, Ke Gaoyang, Chen Jian, Li Ziwei, Zhao Yang, Xiong Jialin and Guo Jiewen reported)

Reporter: Xie Xiyao, Zou Duowei, Liu Xiacun

　　　 Chen Kun, who made her debut in idol drama, has forged a bond with historical figures in the past two years, and has successively appeared in such heavy historical figures as Jiang Jingguo in China and Zhou Enlai in China, and gained high praise. In the movie Qian Xuesen, Chen Kun will interpret a series of little-known tortuous stories of this outstanding scientist and legendary hero through the big screen, and reproduce the touching love experience of his childhood and lifelong love with his wife Jiang Ying (Yuqi Zhang). A few days ago, the film released a number of modeling stills from Chen Kun’s films. Compared with Jiang Jingguo and Zhou Enlai he played before, Chen Kun said that Qian Xuesen’s wisdom and talent would be highlighted in characterization.

Three historical figures contrast Qian Xuesen’s wisdom and talent.

　　　 Chen Kun’s Jiang Jingguo is the most successful role in The Founding of the People’s Republic, from his initial reluctance to take the role to his unanimous affirmation. No matter his loneliness around Chiang Kai-shek or his sternness and decisiveness in dealing with the economic crisis, Chen Kun shows it incisively and vividly. Jiang Jingguo became a bright spot in The Founding of the People’s Republic, and Chen Kun seems to have discovered a new self: "I never had confidence to play him well until I got the affirmation I had never had before, which was my unexpected gain." People who have seen beginning of the great revival later are also quite satisfied with his role as Zhou Enlai. Although there are only three scenes, Chen Kun’s performance is remarkable, especially his determined eyes, which are very similar to Zhou Enlai’s, and perfectly reveal the elegant temperament of the Prime Minister.

　　　 Now it’s a biographical new film "Qian Xuesen". For such a legendary historical figure, Chen Kun also has a lot of feelings in his heart. He thinks that Qian Xuesen’s greatest charm is wisdom and talent. "His heart has a pride unique to China and a personality that never gives up. There is a realm where everyone is drunk and I wake up alone."

　　　 In terms of appearance, Chen Kun revealed in a previous interview that Qian Xuesen himself was rounder than him because he wanted to be loyal to his true image, so he deliberately gained weight. In addition, Qian Xuesen’s hairline is relatively backward, so the makeup artist covered Chen Kun’s forehead with three layers of skin, and he had to endure makeup torture for up to four hours at a time.

Shaped like a god, more like Chen Kun to prepare for Qian Xuesen.　

　　　 In addition to being similar to Qian Xuesen in appearance, Chen Kun also put forward higher requirements for himself. Huang Jianxin, the producer of this film who has cooperated with Chen Kun for many times, said: "Qian Xuesen is extremely wise, and his thoughts are always ahead of the times. We have been looking for an ideological, very handsome and versatile actor to show Qian Xuesen, who can paint, play the piano and understand science, and Chen Kun is the most suitable. " It is understood that in order to play Qian Xuesen, Chen Kun actually did a lot of homework in private, not only trying to figure out the performance skills, but also consulting a lot of materials, including many biographies, documentaries and letters of Qian Xuesen. Chen Kun said with emotion: "It will be a pity if you have never played a biography in your life. It feels great to play a complete character and you are more and more confident in grasping the character."

　　　 Director Zhang Jianya revealed that because there is a part where Qian Xuesen and his wife live in the United States, in addition to the English teacher in the group, Chen Kun himself brought an English teacher. "He has a foundation in English and has a very good memory. He can recite the lines once, and the film even teaches foreign students in English dialogue."

More wonderful pictures on the next page

　　CCTV News:As the key project of "Science and Technology Winter Olympics" and "Key Technology of High-performance Clothing Research and Development in Winter Sports and Training Competition", the research team from universities has developed gloves and headgear that can realize intelligent temperature control, providing more comfortable warm-keeping experience for athletes and coaches.

　　Since October 2019, tianjin polytechnic university Institute of Textile Science and Engineering has set up a research and development team to design and develop headgear and gloves that can keep warm by electric heating for China athletes and coaches participating in the Winter Olympics. In the past two days, the garment technology room of the college has been temporarily transformed into a "production workshop". After more than two years of continuous optimization, the first batch of 200 pairs of gloves and 200 pairs of headgear will be completed soon. After the heat preservation test, pressing and packaging, it will be delivered to the major stadiums in Chongli, Zhangjiakou in two batches on December 10th and 25th this year, and provided to China athletes participating in the 2022 Winter Olympics. Next, the team will continue to supply this technological "warm suit" according to the dynamic needs of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee.

　　According to reports, at present, the temperature control protective gear on the market is generally in the middle, high and low grades, with 10℃ as a unit, which has a large adjustment range and is easy to change from "too cold" to "too hot" at once, greatly reducing the comfort of the wearer, thus affecting the physical state of athletes. Therefore, tianjin polytechnic university team developed this system which can realize accurate temperature control by using technology empowerment.

　　Experts said that at present, the ice and snow sports headgear and gloves on the market are becoming thinner and thinner, and adding this intelligent temperature control system which includes a heating plate and a temperature control module will, in theory, significantly increase the load of the equipment itself. To this end, the team has changed and adjusted the design scheme five times. On the premise of ensuring the heating effect, it has developed lighter electronic components, fabrics and thermal cotton to reduce the overall weight and enhance the wearing experience.

　　At present, the team is still stepping up the research and development of an intelligent temperature control system that can sense the wearer’s body temperature. After it is put into application, it can automatically adjust to the most comfortable temperature without the active control of the wearer. This will not only provide more scientific pre-competition guarantee for China athletes participating in the Winter Olympics, but also provide warmth for the vast number of ice and snow sports enthusiasts, and encourage more people to walk on the ice and enjoy the fun of ice and snow.

　　The three A-share indexes rose collectively in early trading. By midday, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.33%, the Shenzhen Component Index rose by 0.56%, the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose by 0.67%, the Beizheng 50 Index fell by 0.01%, and the half-day turnover in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Beijing was 451.3 billion yuan, including 449.1 billion yuan in Shanghai and Shenzhen, 24.1 billion yuan more than the previous day. More than 3,400 stocks in the two cities rose.

　　In terms of plate theme, BC battery, non-ferrous metal and HJT battery were among the top gainers; Copper cable high-speed connection, virtual power plant and power sector were among the top losers.

　　On the disk, the concept of photovoltaic led the rise in early trading, with () and () daily limit and (), () and () daily limit exploding. The concept of non-ferrous metals continues to be active, () 3 consecutive boards, (), (), (), () daily limit. The power sector is divided, () 4 boards are connected, () and Huitian Thermal Power have daily limit, and (), () and () have fallen more than 6%. Copper cable high-speed connection plate continued to adjust, Dingtong Technology and () were among the top losers.

　　Plate analysis:

　　Straight flush hot stock list:

　　Transaction review:

　　At 09: 25, A shares opened, the Shanghai Composite Index opened 0.05% lower, the Shenzhen Component Index opened 0.04% lower and the Growth Enterprise Market Index opened 0.12% higher.

　　At 09:27, the concept of satellite navigation was active at the beginning, with (), () and () daily limit, while the aerospace, () and () groups opened higher.

　　At 09:28, the concept of virtual power plant fell at the beginning, and the new China-Hong Kong limit fell, followed by (), Jiuzhou Group, (), () and ().

　　At 09:30, the Growth Enterprise Market Index rose to 1%, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.1%, and the Shenzhen Component Index rose by 0.44%.

　　At 09:32, the photovoltaic concept strengthened in early trading. Jingao Technology rose by more than 8%, Junda shares, (), () and Trina Solar rose by more than 5%, and () and () surged in succession.

　　At 09:33, the Hang Seng Technology Index fell more than 1%, and the Hang Seng Index is now down 0.92%.

　　At 09:36, power stocks were divided in early trading, and Huitian Thermal Power and Chendian International had daily limit. Jiuzhou Group fell more than 10%, while (), Leshan Power, () and () were lower.

　　At 09:38 BC, the concept of battery rose, Junda shares and Jing ‘ao Technology both had daily limit, and (), Aixu shares, Trina Solar, TCL Zhonghuan, Tongwei shares, Foster and other shares rose more than 5%.

　　At 09:43, the real estate development sector rebounded, with () daily limit, (), (), (), (), () and so on. In the news, Guangzhou and Shenzhen adjusted their housing credit policies on the same day.

　　At 09:45, the Hang Seng Technology Index fell more than 2%, and the Hang Seng Index is now down 1.35%.

　　09:47 The non-ferrous metal sector continued to be active, and Huayu Mining’s third board, (), Liyuan, (), () and () followed suit.

　　09:50 According to () iFinD data, according to the balance scale, up to now, the net inflow of southbound funds exceeds 3.1 billion yuan, of which the inflow of Hong Kong Stock Connect (Shanghai) exceeds 1.8 billion yuan, and the inflow of Hong Kong Stock Connect (Shenzhen) exceeds 1.3 billion yuan.

　　10:00 According to the straight flush iFinD data, the turnover of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets reached 229.7 billion yuan within half an hour of opening.

　　10:02 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced in Beijing on the 29th that it would raise its economic growth forecast of China by 0.4 percentage point to 5% this year. (Xinhua News Agency)

　　At 10: 02, the concept of HJT battery rose and strengthened, and many stocks, such as (), Liansheng Technology and Jingao Technology, went up, () and Trina Solar rose by over 10%, while (), Artes and () followed suit.

　　At 10:03, the concept of gold rose, and Hunan gold went up, (), Sheng Da resources, (), (), () and so on.

　　At 10:12, digital currency’s concept moved up, () pulled the board straight, and (), (), (), (), () and so on followed up.

　　At 10:17, the concept of photoresist rose, () rose more than 15%, and (), (), (), () and () followed.

　　At 10:22, power stocks bottomed out, and the international daily limit of Dongwang Times, Huitian Thermal Power and Chendian Power rose, followed by (), (), Guangxi Energy and ().

　　10:33 According to the straight flush iFinD data, according to the balance scale, up to now, the net inflow of southbound funds exceeds 5 billion yuan, of which the inflow of Hong Kong Stock Connect (Shanghai) exceeds 3 billion yuan, and the inflow of Hong Kong Stock Connect (Shenzhen) exceeds 2 billion yuan.

　　At 10:38, the concept of consumer electronics rose sharply, () rose by over 15%, followed by (), (), (), () and ().

　　At 11:05, the concept of small metal rose and strengthened. Both Xianglu Tungsten Industry and Zhangyuan Tungsten Industry had daily limit, and (), (), () and () followed suit.

　　News:

　　1. Lenovo Group: entered into a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Alat, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Saudi sovereign wealth fund PIF.

　　Lenovo Hong Kong Stock Exchange announced that it has entered into a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Alat, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Saudi sovereign wealth fund PIF. And entered into a bond subscription agreement, which will issue $2 billion of zero-coupon convertible bonds to the other party.

　　2, new energy heavy sudden photovoltaic industry chain strengthened across the board.

　　In early trading today, Longji Green Energy, Tongwei Shares, () and other new energy leading stocks performed very strongly. The market is discussing the supply-side reform of new energy. Its source is still a message from the South China Morning Post. It is reported that at the recent heavy meeting, the supply side released a major signal. On the one hand, it reminds us not to have an unbalanced upsurge in investment in the new energy industry. On the other hand, the new energy industry should not be the only focus, because the transformation of traditional industries can also develop "new productivity". Support for the "new three" products-electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar panels must "adapt" to local conditions. () It is believed that the current aesthetic preference of A shares can be divided into: supply contraction, demand growth rate greater than supply contraction, and demand does not increase. The midstream of new energy has become an alternative, because it is optimistic about the growth of demand, which is generally inseparable from new energy. Its demand is still above average, but it is not optimistic about the supply of new energy midstream. The supply-side reform of the "new three kinds" is coming, the valuation is rising, the supply-side clearing is effective, and the performance may be improved. (Broker China)

　　3. It broke the news that Baidu Wenxin Big Model 5.0 will be released in 2025.

　　It is learned from reliable insiders that Baidu will release a new generation of Wenxin Big Model 5.0 during the Baidu World Congress in 2025. At present, the latest version of Wenxin Big Model is version 4.0, which was released by Baidu founder Li Yanhong at the Baidu World Congress held in 2023. It has four core abilities: understanding, generation, logic and memory. According to Li Yanhong’s introduction when he released it in October 2023, Wenxin Big Model 4.0 was not inferior to GPT-4 after its release. Sina Technology has learned that the Baidu World Congress has been held in the second half of each year. According to this calculation, Wenxin Big Model 5.0 will meet with you in the second half of 2025. According to public information, the Baidu Wenxin model was first launched in 2019, released in version 3.0 in 2021 and upgraded to version 4.0 in 2023. (Sina Technology)

Today, 50 years ago, he died for his country in a very heroic way. Today, 50 years later, the story of his dedication to his country is still earth-shattering. And his love for life and death with his wife Li Pei, and everything they have done for the country, is even more earth-shaking!

Fifty years ago today, in the early morning of December 5, 1968, people living near the Capital Airport in Beijing suddenly heard a deafening noise! A small plane suddenly crashed and plunged into the corn field near the airport!

The wreckage of the plane and charred bodies were scattered all over the place, and the scene was terrible. Soon, the search and rescue soldiers found a very shocking scene, with two charred bodies hugging each other tightly. They held each other tightly and died instantly, so the body was extremely stiff.

When people finally separated the two bodies by force, everyone immediately buzzed: between the chests of the two bodies, there was a leather briefcase! Although the briefcase was a little burnt, it was still intact under the tight embrace of two people. When people opened it, they found that it was a top secret document about the test data of thermonuclear missiles!

Seeing everything in sight, many people at the scene knelt down and wept bitterly. The two people who were burnt and still clung together to protect the documents were Guo Yonghuai, a scientist who returned from studying in the United States, and Mou Fangdong, his guard!

Twenty-two days after Guo Yonghuai’s sacrifice, China’s first thermonuclear missile was successfully tested and exploded, and the weaponization of the hydrogen bomb was realized.

On September 18th, 1999, Guo Yonghuai was posthumously awarded as a scientist with the medal of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" as a martyr. He is the only scientist among the founding fathers of "two bombs and one satellite" who has made important contributions in the fields of atomic bombs, missiles and satellites.

Guo Yonghuai, Li Pei and their daughter are in the United States.

one

Open life: from rural baby

To the world master of aerodynamics!

On April 4th, 1909, Guo Yonghuai was born in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, an ordinary farmer with a well-off family. He has been clever since he was a child and is regarded as the apple of his parents’ eye. At the age of 10, Guo Yonghuai was sent by his father to a school run by his uncle.

Since then, this gifted boy has started the mode of learning hegemony, from rural schools to the middle school attached to Qingdao University, and from the middle school attached to Tianjin Nankai University Preparatory Science and Technology Class. After studying in Nankai University for two years, in 1933, he was admitted to the Physics Department of Peking University! As a child in the countryside, Guo Yonghuai studied hard and passed all the way, and the hardships he paid can be imagined! In the summer of 1938, he took the most important exam in his life: the Sino-British boxer indemnity International Student Entrance Examination. Among more than 3,000 references, only one student was enrolled in Guo Yonghuai’s mechanical major.

But the test result is beyond everyone’s expectation. Guo Yonghuai got the same score of 350 with Qian Weichang and Lin Jiaqiao! Later, after the efforts of professors Ye Qisun and Rao Yutai, the three talents were lucky to be admitted together! A few years later, there were four young scientists from China who surprised the world around the famous physicist Von Carmen. Among them were Guo Yonghuai, Qian Weichang and Lin Jiaqiao, and the most famous one was Qian Xuesen!

Yung – huai Kuo

In the summer of 1939, Guo Yonghuai boarded a ship to study abroad. However, before the ship set sail, Guo Yonghuai angrily tore up his passport on the spot! At that time, during the Japanese invasion of China, it was not easy to study abroad, but Guo Yonghuai, who got on the boat, found that he had a Japanese visa on his passport! It says: Stop at Yokohama, Japan for three days.

Go ashore for a tour! Guo Yonghuai clenched his fist and would rather not study abroad than accept the visa of the invaders! In order to defend national dignity, he sacrificed this rare opportunity to study abroad, and together with more than 20 classmates, he immediately picked up his luggage and stepped off the ship!

In August, 1940, on the Russian cruise ship Empress. Right 3 Guo Yonghuai in the back row, left 1 Lin Jiaqiao in the front row and left 5 Qian Weichang in the front row.

It was not until August 1940, a year later, that Guo Yonghuai and his classmates set sail again. He, Qian Weichang and Lin Jiaqiao both entered the Department of Applied Mathematics of the University of Toronto, and it took them only half a year to get their master’s degrees at the same time. After finishing his studies in Canada, Guo Yonghuai entered California Institute of Technology in May 1941. He studied aerodynamics under the master of fluid mechanics von Carmen, who is known as the "father of aviation". Here, he met the best friend in his life and the person who influenced and changed his life-Qian Xuesen!

Young Qian Xuesen

At that time, although Qian Xuesen was only one grade higher than Guo Yonghuai, he became a professor and owned his own car because of his excellent studies! Compared with active Qian Xuesen, Guo Yonghuai is like a shy big boy.

Lin Jiaqiao and Li Pei in their 90 s

More than half a century later, Lin Jiaqiao, who is 90 years old, seriously said to Guo Yonghuai’s wife, Li Pei: Although Qian Xuesen has a car, he never drove us out to play, but did his research in a down-to-earth and earnest way! Because as soon as we arrived in the United States, we found that our previous knowledge was very limited, and we must work very hard to keep up!

(On February 3, 1947, Guo Yonghuai was at Langley Aviation Laboratory. The first row: right 4 von Carmen, left 2 Qian Xuesen, third row: left 2 Guo Yonghuai)

In 1945, Guo Yonghuai received his doctorate. After graduation, he went to Cornell University and became one of the founders of the Aviation Research Institute. At that time, Guo Yonghuai didn’t have a car, and he didn’t have much money. Qian Xuesen drove Guo Yonghuai in his car. Two young people traveled all the way across the United States, from west to east, and drove all the way from Sunshine California to Boston for more than 3,000 kilometers. Guo Yonghuai, who showed off his talents at Conor University, made a great breakthrough in science, and his research achievements made important contributions to breaking through the sound barrier and achieving supersonic flight. In addition to the breakthrough in research, he also gained his own love!

Young Li Pei

In 1947, Li Pei came to Cornell University to study economics! When Mr. Li Pei, who was in her 90s, recalled her love, she smiled and said shyly: He is not handsome, but he is tall …

At that time, Conor University often saw two young Chinese walking and chatting together!

And Li Pei, from the heart also more and more like the talented Guo Yonghuai. After dating for two years, they got married in new york in 1948. It was once a much-told story that a talented person matched a beautiful woman.

After marriage, Guo Yonghuai became famous for his achievements in the scientific field. At that time, he was not only a famous aerodynamist, but also a master of applied mathematics. But in Guo Yonghuai’s mind, he always had a firm idea: he must return to China and play for the new China!

2

Burn all the research papers

Just to serve the motherland

Like Qian Xuesen, Guo Yonghuai is also a great talent who is blocked by the United States and unwilling to let go!

In August 1953, following the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement between China and the United States, the U.S. government lifted the ban on China scholars leaving the country. However, this does not mean that China scholars can return to China at will, because the United States still sets up various obstacles and conducts various investigations on the grounds of "safeguarding national security".

For a while, Li Pei found that there were often some unidentified people sneaking around her house and peeping!

In 1956, Guo Yonghuai held a picnic before returning to China, and friends in the United States came to see them off. Guo Yonghuai made a surprising move at this party. He personally burned all his research results and materials in front of all his friends.

He threw thick manuscripts into the fire and burned all his hard work to ashes. Li Pei sees it in her eyes and hurts in her heart.

But she understands that this is to avoid being troubled by the US government. Guo Yonghuai comforted her: It doesn’t matter, the knowledge is in the minds of scientists, and they can’t take it away.

A family of three is in front of an American villa.

In 1956, the day before the National Day, Li Pei and Guo Yonghuai left their familiar American home with their young daughter, abandoned the three-story small foreign building in the United States and left for home!

When they returned to China to board the ship, they gave the car to the last person to see them off. Just as they have no nostalgia for America, they have no lust for money.

From a comfortable and spacious big house to a shabby and narrow small house. From a first-class laboratory to a small room decades behind for research. From a rich life with a high salary to a meager salary to barely make a living. It is hard to imagine how brave they were at that time to be willing to bear such a huge gap.

Finally, after more than a month’s sea journey, they finally returned to their motherland for 16 years. On this day, Guo Yonghuai and Li Pei have been waiting for too long … Some people say, "Why did their generation return to China at that time? A lifelong concern for the destiny of the country, this fearless sense of mission, is not something we can fully understand today. "

Guo Yonghuai, Li Pei and his daughter Guo Qin.

As soon as Guo Yonghuai returned to China, he received a letter from his good friend Qian Xuesen: Personally, I would like to welcome you and invite you to work in the Institute of Mechanics of China Academy of Sciences. We have prepared your office for you, which faces south and is on the second floor! There are light green curtains inside, and a row of pine trees looking out. I hope you can be satisfied. Your residence is very close to us, so it is a close neighbor!

Premier Zhou Enlai met Guo Yonghuai in Zhongnanhai and asked him what he wanted. Guo Yonghuai said anxiously, "I want to get into work as soon as possible …" After that, Guo Yonghuai devoted himself to the research and guidance of superb aerodynamics, explosion mechanics, electromagnetic fluid mechanics, flight mechanics and solid mechanics.

He never takes a break on Sundays and holidays. He often goes out early and comes back late, burying himself in his book and even having no time to listen to music. Two boxes of new records brought back from the United States have never been opened. He likes collecting stamps and photography very much, and now he is too busy …

In 1961, the 26th World Table Tennis Tournament was held in Beijing. The Chinese Academy of Sciences issued two tickets to Guo Yonghuai and Li Pei, but Guo Yonghuai left in the middle. He said that watching the China table tennis team win glory for our country, he was also very anxious, and he wanted to go back to work immediately and strive for early success.

Guo Yonghuai took out all the books and materials he brought from the United States and gave them to the Institute of Mechanics. Even the joystick computer he regarded as a treasure was brought to the Institute. Even the refrigerators and other electrical appliances at home have been moved to the unit, and the Institute of Mechanics has become Guo Yonghuai’s second home after returning to China.

In 1959, the Soviet Union withdrew all its experts and refused to provide China with the mathematical model and technical data of the atomic bomb. One day in March, 1960, Qian Sanqiang, who was later called "the father of China’s atomic bomb", suddenly came to Guo Yonghuai’s office and invited him to take part in a top secret mission of the country!

It was this visit that Guo Yonghuai’s name was associated with China’s atomic bomb. 105 experts and scholars formed a special team, and Guo Yonghuai was officially appointed as the vice president of the Ninth Hospital, responsible for the theoretical exploration and development of the atomic bomb.

three

For that rising mushroom cloud

He is desperate to keep the "top secret document"

Because of the special national task, his wife Li Pei knows nothing about her husband’s work! In the morning, Guo Yonghuai also secretly conducted nuclear weapons research and development, and in the afternoon, he conducted mechanical research as the deputy director of the Institute of Mechanics. In order to ensure confidentiality, the driver in Guo Yonghuai never changed!

In 1963, the technical backbone personnel of nuclear weapons development moved to the newly-built nuclear weapons development base in Qinghai. Before Guo Yonghuai left.

Li Pei silently helped her husband pack, but she knew nothing about where her husband was going. In the plateau at an altitude of more than 3,800 meters, the lowest temperature can reach MINUS 40 degrees Celsius. In the days when the atomic bomb test is about to enter, Guo Yonghuai often works for more than ten hours, and sometimes even stays up all night!

In 1967, Wang Ganchang (left 1), Peng Huanwu (left 2), Guo Yonghuai (left 3) and Deng Jiaxian (right 2) were in Xinjiang Nuclear Test Site.

He and many nuclear scientists understand that the development of a nuclear bomb is undoubtedly a life-and-death test for new China. Guo Yonghuai didn’t let the guards spread the mattress when he slept. The guards were puzzled. He said, "When you sleep on an iron bed, you will wake up with pain when you turn over, so that you won’t let yourself sleep and you can continue to work."

In the 1960 s, Guo Yonghuai took the explosive forming specimen in his hand.

Hearing this, the guards secretly hid to one side and wiped their tears.

Qinghai Nuclear Test Base at an altitude of 3,800 meters is surrounded by the endless Gobi Desert, where nothing grows, yellow sand is all over the sky, oxygen is scarce, and the temperature difference is great. Coupled with the lack of nutrition, many staff members have severe altitude sickness. Guo Yonghuai, who is over 500 years old, has gray temples and looks older every day. On the afternoon of October 16th, 1964, there was a loud noise in Lop Nur, and China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

When everyone cheered and was immersed in great joy, Guo Yonghuai fainted at the experimental site because of fatigue.

On October 3rd, 1968, Guo Yonghuai came to Lop Nur experimental base again to prepare for the experiment of China’s first thermonuclear missile!

On December 4, 1968, at the critical moment of China’s first thermonuclear missile experiment, Guo Yonghuai, who had been in Qinghai for more than two months, returned to Beijing with important data files found in the experiment! After a night’s voyage, the sky gradually turned white, and the plane finally reached the terminal and began to slowly lower its altitude. No one expected that when it was more than 400 meters from the ground, the plane suddenly lost its balance. Suddenly fall, from 400 meters to the ground, only less than 10 seconds …

There were more than a dozen people on the plane, only one survivor. He later recalled that when the plane was shaking violently, one person shouted "My briefcase!" " In the end, as people can see, Guo Yonghuai and the guard, Xiao Mou, embraced each other tightly, protecting this valuable information for the development of thermonuclear missiles. At the age of 59 when he died …

The news of the plane crash in Guo Yonghuai first reached the State Council. Premier Zhou Enlai burst into tears and remained silent for a long time, then ordered a thorough investigation of the accident. But until today, the cause of the plane crash is still a mystery! Guo Yonghuai’s wife, Li Pei, didn’t say a word after hearing the bad news, but she just choked back her tears! After learning the news of Guo Yonghuai’s sacrifice, Qian Xuesen cried on the spot …

China’s first thermonuclear missile was successfully launched!

On December 25th, 1968, the 20th day after the plane crash, China’s first thermonuclear missile exploded successfully, and Guo Yonghuai devoted too much effort here!

But at this moment, Guo Yonghuai will never see it again!

four

To Guo Yonghuai and Li Pei.

With the highest respect!

In 2007, it has been 39 years since Guo Yonghuai passed away!

Half a century later, China is strong enough, and those superstars who once shined on the historical stage have all become old people, and their light has gradually dimmed! This day is Qian Xuesen’s 96th birthday, and 90-year-old Li Pei specially came to congratulate him!

At this time, Qian Xuesen’s language expression was not clear, but his first sentence was actually: How many children do you have now?

90-year-old Li Pei smiled and replied: I don’t have any now! There was silence at the scene, and Qian Xuesen probably never thought that this smiling old lady had been living alone for so many years. In 1997, Li Pei and Guo Yonghuai’s only daughter, Guo Qin, died of cancer.

Li Pei and his daughter Guo Qin

Losing her husband in middle age and her daughter in her later years, Li Pei suffered too many hardships in her life. But she has not forgotten her husband’s last wish-to build the motherland.

At that time, English education in China was very backward. Without a teacher, she took the risk to find a "Rightist" professor. Without a textbook, she wrote it herself. She trained the first batch of master’s and doctoral students in New China.

When she was over 70 years old, she was still on the podium, giving lectures to doctoral students for several hours. Actually, she never sat down and gave a lecture, and always stood on the podium in a proper way, because she said, "Be a teacher." One of her students once said, "I have met many good teachers in my life, but" the greatest teacher I have ever seen is Mr. Li ".

Nearly a hundred years old, she still insists on grooming, putting foundation on her face and painting thrush. Because she also asks herself to be a teacher, that is, to respect the students. On September 18, 1999, Li Pei sat in the Great Hall of the People, and the state awarded 23 scientists the medal of "two bombs and one satellite". Her husband, Mr Guo Yonghuai, was the only martyr among the 23 "two bombs and one satellite" founding fathers. He is the only scientist who has made great contributions to the development of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and artificial satellites.

This is the highest honor given to Guo Yonghuai by the state! Four years later, Li Pei donated this medal of two bombs and one star, which is 8 cm in diameter and 99.8% pure gold and weighs 515 grams, to China University of Science and Technology.

Li Pei donated the "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious medal to the University of Science and Technology of China!

She also donated all her life savings: 600,000 yuan to the Institute of Mechanics and 300,000 yuan to China University of Science and Technology. There is no ceremony, just like dealing with an electricity bill. With such a large denomination of money, the old man said, "Donation is donation, and what ceremony is needed."

Li Pei is giving a lecture

For decades, Li Pei has been living in her old building with Guo Yonghuai in Zhongguancun, and the room has been preserved with the decorations of Guo Yonghuai before his death. This person she loves most has always lived in her heart! She said: There are many of his books and his favorite things in this house, as if he had never left and had been in this house all the time …

In her small living room, there are few things. The legs of the gray cloth sofa are crooked. However, on Guo Yonghuai’s 104th birthday, she donated all the articles that accompanied her for decades to the Institute of Mechanics: the commemorative seal, exquisite slide rule and longines pocket watch that Guo Yonghuai used before his death, and the glasses and watches blackened by flames when Guo Yonghuai died in 1968. This is all her possessions, and also her last possessions …

In her later years, Mr. Li Pei almost never mentioned her deceased friend. She sometimes stood on the balcony for hours at a time. No one can tell, what kind of pain did she suffer?

On January 12, 2017, Mr. Li Pei also left forever. She was finally reunited with her husband and daughter who missed her day and night …

In Tomb-Sweeping Day in 2017, Mr. Li Pei’s ashes were buried together with Mr. Guo Yonghuai’s ashes under the bronze statue of Guo Yonghuai …

In July 2018, the International Asteroid Center officially named the asteroid No.212796 as "Guo Yonghuai Star" and the asteroid No.212797 as "Li Peixing". Guo Yonghuai and Mr. Li Pei, as the stars that shine and inspire us, continue to shine.

Today, it is Mr. Guo Yonghuai.

The 50th anniversary of his death!

Remember their first and last names,

Appreciate their merits!

Guo Yonghuai, Li Pei, gentlemen, through the ages!

References:

CCTV’s "Everyone, Two Bombs, One Star, Guo Yonghuai", "Forever the Spirit" and "Guangming Daily" September 12, 2017

Biography of Guo Yonghuai, historical materials of science and technology in China, by Li Jiachun and Dai Shiqiang, and by Chloe Wang, chief producer of Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Text: Beiyangjun

This article is reproduced from the WeChat WeChat official account "Beiyang House" (ID: bypm 2016). The original text was first published on December 5, 2018. The original title was "50 years ago, a plane with top secret information crashed! Today, remember Guo Yonghuai! ",the original text has been deleted, which does not represent the view of the think tank.

Producer: Yu Xia

Editor: Dai Lili Li Yibo

Editor: Xie

Original title of this article: "Fifty years ago today, he used his life to protect a top secret document! Twenty-two days later, China shocked the world with it! 》