Do not forget your initiative mind, keep moving.

　　The initial heart was cast in the fiery youth of the wind and snow 80 years ago; The initial intention is to continue in the fearless and fearless March for 80 years.

　　The initial heart is the strength of the Long March, the firmness of ideals and beliefs, and the confidence in the victory of the revolution, which made them write a magnificent epic.

　　The Long March is the guardian of the initial heart, preserving the next revolutionary fire with flesh and blood, and sowing the next hope for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Seven people with stories and seven passionate lives have the same initial intentions, the same choices and the same regrets in this life. They are the witnesses of the Long March. They are the guardians of the initial heart. They are the lantern-holders who keep moving forward.

— — compiler

　　Character introduction:　

　　Su Yiran was born in Cangxi, Sichuan Province in 1918. He used to be a "red kid" on the Long March. At the age of 15 in 1936, he decided on his lifelong belief. He used to be the secretary of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Do not forget your initiative mind for 50 years. He used the spirit of the Long March to help the people and govern the world. He is an old Red Army who came all the way from the flames of war. Su Yiran, who is 98 years old this year, has accumulated 80 years of struggle and feelings for the Long March.

　　CCTV News:Cangxi, located in the deep hills on the northern edge of Sichuan Basin, is east of Bashan Mountain and west of Jianmen Gate. It was called Qinlong Lock Key in ancient times and Pingfan in northern Sichuan. This is the place where he was born.

　　Jinan, located in the central and western part of Shandong Province, is a famous historical and cultural city in China, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. Half-life struggle, this is where he has been in love for 50 years.

　　Two distant places, a 25,000-mile long March feat, made Su Yiran a "resolute Red Army soldier".

　　"The ancestors started their business in history, and later Kun Xinghua followed the Long March." On the top of Nankan Mountain in the suburb of Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, the largest monument forest of the Red Army in China-the monument forest of generals in Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area is hidden in the vibrant green, silently telling the story as if the water had passed. The inscription was written by Su Yiran. Talking about the personal experience of the 25,000-mile long March, he has endless stories.

　　Go with the Red Army resolutely.　

　　Su Yiran was 15 years old in 1933. He lived alone with his mother, but he was rich and well-fed when he was poor. In April and May of this year, a team wearing a red five-star hat suddenly came to my hometown. Su Yiran heard that they were the Red Army (the Red Fourth Army withdrawn from the Soviet area). The Red Army established a Soviet regime to support the farmers in the local area, which helped the poor, punished the strong and saved the weak, and traded fairly, which was very popular among the villagers. Su Yiran watched all this with delight. He also wants to join the army!

　　The new Soviet regime is in urgent need of all kinds of talents. Su Yiran studied in a private school for four years when he was a child. At that time, he was chosen as a scholar and became a "Red Army tax collector" responsible for collecting slaughter tax and special tax.

　　At that time, the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base was in turmoil, and the enemy was constantly besieging and harassing. On one occasion, when Su Yiran was collecting taxes, he was suddenly searched and slaughtered by the enemy. No time to retreat! He hid in the toilet of a house nearby, hiding in the interlayer between the shed board and the septic tank. The enemy entered the house and searched, but he was not found. Su Yiran heard the enemy soldiers shouting: Burn! Burn the house down! He just held his breath and didn’t move. After a tumultuous noise, the enemy withdrew. Somehow there was no fire, and Su Yiran had a narrow escape.　

　　Su Yiran was 17 years old in 1935. The Red Fourth Front Army abandoned the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area, crossed the Jialing River to the west, and began the Long March in early May. Su Yiran left his mother and hometown to follow the Red Army on the journey.

　　On the way to the Long March, Su Yiran climbed the snow-capped mountains and crossed the grassland three times with the soldiers of the Red Army. On a March, I walked only 40 miles away from Su Yiran’s hometown. Perhaps I was worried about the homesickness of young Su Yiran, so the army leaders talked with him.

　　"Do you want to go home?"

　　"Since I took part in the revolution, I will definitely revolution to the end!" Although he is young, his ambition is firm.

　　In 1936, the Red Army team crossed the snowy mountain grassland for the third time from Ganzi and other places and joined the Central Red Army in the north. A group of wounded and sick people, women and children in the team have no physical strength to March any more. The leaders of the army reached an agreement with the local chieftain, leaving them to be protected by local villagers. Su Yiran is a child, too. Many red kids of his age have stayed behind, but he is determined to go with the big army!

　　The team came to Shaanxi and prepared to cross the Weihe River. The Weihe River is turbid and fast-flowing, roaring along the canyon. Su Yiran and his comrades waded across the Weihe River. When we reached the deep water area in the middle of the river, a torrent suddenly struck, and Su Yiran could not stand and was washed away. The old soldier Du Changtian was loaded and grabbed him, saving his life. Su Yiran said: "He (Du Changtian) is a lifesaver that I will never forget."

　　The baptism of war and fire, the test of life and death, and the joy of parting and gathering in the Long March, Su Yiran always resolutely followed the Red Army!

　　Win by wits.

　　Many young soldiers of the Red Army now have the same feeling when they recall the Long March: "When comrades are with you, marching is not bitter. If we want to go to Wan Li, we will go to Wan Li. If we want to go to Wan Li, we will go to Wan Li. " They are always cheerful and optimistic. No matter how tired they are marching, they are still diligent, smart and study hard. Su Yiran "followed" and learned the skills of following.

　　"When climbing the snow-capped mountains, if you see the Red Army soldiers sitting there frozen, you can’t pull them with your hands. Why? He won’t relax if he grabs your hand. " Su Yiran used a stick. A frozen person is like a drowning person. If you pull with your hands, you can’t save anyone by yourself, even the person who saved them will have to get in. On snow-capped mountains and other high mountains, the most feared thing is to sit down and rest. If you sit down, you may never stand up again. Therefore, we often see such a scene on the mountain: Red Army soldiers are leaning on a wooden stick, or helping each other, panting and standing for a rest.

　　"On the grass, if your feet are stuck in the swamp, don’t rush to pull your feet out. If you are eager to pull your feet out, your feet will be under too much pressure and you can only get deeper and deeper." Su Yiran walked out of the grass safely, but many comrades stayed there forever. The Party History Research Office of Aba Autonomous Prefecture once provided a piece of information: during the three main forces of the Red Army crossing the snowy mountains and grasslands several times in two years, the number of non-combat staff members was more than 10,000.

　　Because of the frequent fighting and the shortage of horses, the Red Army once had to exchange guns for horses. Su Yiran once undertook this task. In Ganzi, the Red Army saw many Tibetans raising horses, and suggested to the army headquarters to exchange guns for Tibetan horses. This suggestion was affirmed by the headquarters.

　　Su Yiran takes a gun to the stockade where Tibetans live every day to change horses. These horses carried the sick and wounded or supplies, which helped the Red Army a lot. Many infirm little soldiers have enjoyed a "special" treatment: grasping the horse’s tail and moving forward with the help of the power of the horse. "It’s much easier to climb the slope and walk."

　　Because of changing horses, Su Yiran forged a deep affection with local Tibetans. Some Tibetans even want to leave him as a door-to-door son-in-law, and let him choose three girls at home. Of course, "the revolution has not yet succeeded", how can he refuse! Before crossing the grassland three times, Su Yiran received a precious gift from Tibetan villagers: a bag of highland barley butter fried noodles. "That’s a life-saving thing!" Su Yiran walked out of the grass by it, and used it to help his starving comrades.

　　Do not forget your initiative mind welcomes the "New Long March"　

　　After years of military service, it ushered in peace and stability. Su Yiran accepted the new mission entrusted by the Party and the state.

　　After the founding of New China, Su Yiran moved to Hebei, Anhui, and Shandong, and held leadership positions, working diligently in every post. In October 1960, he was transferred to work in Shandong. In 1977, Su Yiran served as secretary of Shandong Provincial Party Committee, and worked hard for Shandong’s socialist construction and reform and opening up for more than 30 years.

　　"All counties and cities keep a strong high school and junior high school, and the rest are changed to vocational middle schools." Under his leadership and advocacy, Shandong became one of the earliest regions in China to promote the development of vocational education. "I don’t care what I do in the country. I am responsible for what I can manage in Shandong. I am also responsible for mistakes."

　　The reform of joint-stock cooperative system in Zhoucun, Zibo is the first in China. Su Yiran paid attention to and promoted the joint-stock cooperative system economy from the beginning to the end of his leadership post. "Other comrades have made great efforts to promote the Zhoucun joint-stock cooperative system. Don’t put all your achievements on me alone." Su Yiran took no credit.

　　Since 1977, Su Yiran has suffered from gastric cancer, bladder cancer and cholecystitis, and has undergone three major operations respectively. Postoperative chemotherapy vomited badly. Su Yiran’s wife said: "At that time, chemotherapy was very uncomfortable. When I ate it, I vomited. When I vomited, I ate it again. He said, I want to see if I can beat it (disease)."

　　During chemotherapy, Su Yiran used the method of practicing Chinese calligraphy every day to disperse and overcome the great pain of the body. Su Yiran said that chemotherapy can’t compare with the snowy mountains and grasslands during the Long March. It was with the spirit of the Red Army that he miraculously defeated the disease. After three years’ sick leave, Su Yiran returned to work and continued to work for the cause of the Party and the people of Shandong.

　　After the ancestors started their business, Kun Xinghua

　　Su Yiran said: "The spirit of hard struggle in the Long March is a valuable asset of our party and should be vigorously promoted."

　　At the age of 98, he is still thinking about the construction of Shandong: "Today, the people of the whole province are working for the construction ‘ Big and strong, rich and beautiful ’ To work hard for a new socialist Shandong, we must encourage the people of the province with the spirit of the Long March. "

　　Through the wind and snow, there is the tenacity of the wind and snow; Walking through the grass, you will have the depth of the grass; Over the mountain, there is the ambition of the mountain; If you wade across the river, you will have the grandeur of the river. After a long March of 25,000 Li, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and his people’s army were invincible from then on, from victory to victory.

　　"The ancestors started their business in history, and later Kun Xinghua followed the Long March." The Long March is always on the road, taking over the baton of Su Yiran, and our generation should take the new Long March of our generation.

　　(Text/Liu Wei)

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2014] No.65　

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　"Implementation Opinions on Establishing Beijing Disease Emergency Relief System (Trial)" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you, please conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　 　 　

　December 31, 2014　

　　

　　Opinions on the establishment of Beijing disease emergency rescue system (for Trial Implementation)

　　In order to implement the spirit of the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Establishing the Emergency Relief System for Diseases (No.15 [2013] of the State Council), further improve the multi-level medical security system in this Municipality, and effectively solve the medical emergency security problems of a very small number of patients who are unidentified and unable to pay medical expenses, this implementation opinion is formulated in combination with the actual situation.

　　I. General requirements

　　(1) Work objectives. Through government financial investment and social donations, the municipal disease emergency rescue fund is raised to help patients who have acute and serious injuries and need first aid but whose identities are unclear or unable to pay the corresponding expenses, and to subsidize the medical expenses incurred in receiving emergency treatment, so as to encourage medical institutions to treat patients with acute and serious injuries in a timely and effective manner, effectively solve the practical difficulties of the people and promote social harmony and stability.

　　(2) Working principles. The disease emergency assistance system is a medical assistance guarantee policy established in this city for the disadvantaged groups, and it is an important supplement to the existing medical security system. It is necessary to adhere to the close connection between the disease emergency rescue system and other medical security systems, adhere to the combination of government-led and encouraging social charitable medical care and the use of third-party professional services, adhere to the combination of government financial input and encouraging social donations, and adhere to the combination of medical institutions undertaking emergency treatment obligations and giving financial subsidies according to law.

　　(3) Job requirements. All kinds of medical institutions at all levels in this Municipality should actively undertake the obligation of emergency treatment, and unconditionally treat patients with acute and critical injuries and those in need of emergency treatment in accordance with the Notice of the General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission on Printing and Distributing the Standards for Acute and Critical Injuries and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Norms (No.32 [2013] of the National Health Office), and shall not refuse, shirk or delay for any reason. Emergency treatment should adhere to the principle of timely, effective and reasonable, and treat diseases, check reasonably, use drugs rationally and treat reasonably; For patients who need to be referred in the process of treatment, they should be referred in time according to their condition and in accordance with the principle of proximity and rationality to ensure life safety.

　　II. Establishment, raising and management of disease emergency relief fund

　　(1) Establishment of the fund. The establishment of the Municipal Disease Emergency Relief Fund is mainly responsible for raising funds and paying emergency relief funds to medical institutions.

　　(2) Fund raising. City disease emergency rescue fund through financial investment and social donations and other channels to raise. The Municipal Finance Bureau shall incorporate the subsidy funds of the disease emergency relief fund into the fiscal budget, and incorporate the central special subsidy funds into the overall arrangement of the disease emergency relief fund. Encourage all sectors of society to donate to the disease emergency relief fund.

　　(3) Fund management. The Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission shall, jointly with the Municipal Finance Bureau, formulate measures for the supervision and management of fund handling management institutions, and select qualified charitable foundations, public welfare social organizations or institutions as fund handling management institutions in an open, fair and just manner, which will manage the funds in accordance with the principles of openness, transparency, professionalism and standardization.

　　Three, the application, examination and payment of disease emergency relief fund

　　(1) Fund application. After medical institutions implement emergency treatment for patients, patients are unable to pay for emergency treatment, but there is a clear responsible person or it can be solved through work-related injury insurance, urban basic medical insurance, new rural cooperative medical fund, medical assistance fund, social assistance fund for road traffic accidents, assistance fund for vagrants and beggars and other payment channels. Patients or medical institutions should first apply to the relevant responsible person or other payment channels. Without the above channels or after payment through the above channels, there is still a gap in expenses, and medical institutions may regularly apply for financial subsidies from the Municipal Disease Emergency Relief Fund according to regulations. When applying, the medical institution shall review and summarize the unrecoverable emergency treatment expenses and related materials, and submit the patient’s identity, treatment summary and diagnosis certificate, list of emergency treatment expenses, declaration and payment of other payment channels and other related certification materials.

　　(2) fund review. The municipal disease emergency relief fund management agency is responsible for accepting the application for emergency relief funds submitted by medical institutions, and reviewing the emergency treatment behavior and related expenses of medical institutions; With the assistance of the municipal human resources and social security, health and family planning, civil affairs, public security and other departments, carefully check whether patients have the ability to pay or have other payment channels, and whether other channels have paid the fees according to regulations and other relevant certification materials. Fund management agencies should establish and improve the system and mechanism, improve the rules and regulations, and hire experienced professionals to conduct key audits on medical behaviors and expenses.

　　(3) Fund payment. After the examination and approval of the fund management institution, it shall allocate subsidy funds to the medical institution applying for it within one month; The cumulative time from accepting the application to paying the subsidy or confirming that the subsidy will not be granted shall not exceed three months. For medical institutions with heavy emergency rescue tasks and great pressure on fund advance, the fund handling management institution can refer to the actual expenses incurred in the previous year, and allocate working capital to medical institutions in the form of pre-allocation at the beginning of the year, regular settlement and overpayment and underpayment. The disease emergency rescue fund shall not be used to pay the emergency treatment expenses of patients with verified identity and proven affordability.

　　Four, the supervision and management of disease emergency relief fund

　 　 　 　The Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission and the Municipal Finance Bureau organized the establishment of the Disease Emergency Relief Fund Supervision and Management Committee, which was attended by representatives of relevant departments, deputies to the National People’s Congress, members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, representatives of donors, representatives of news media and people from all walks of life, such as medical, financial and legal experts, to supervise the management and use of the fund, financial budget and final accounts and other major issues; Entrust a third-party professional organization to conduct an annual audit of the collection, management, use and balance of the disease emergency relief fund, and announce the audit results to the public and accept public supervision.

　　If the fund handling management institution fails to accept and review the application for funding subsidy in accordance with the regulations, or fails to timely allocate the subsidy funds in accordance with the regulations for no reason, the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission shall, jointly with the Municipal Finance Bureau, give informed criticism, make rectification within a time limit until the fund handling management institution is replaced.

　　For medical institutions that cheat or cheat emergency relief funds, in addition to recovering subsidy funds from them, the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission will severely deal with medical institutions and their directly responsible persons in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. For patients who cheat or cheat emergency relief funds, medical institutions and fund management agencies should promptly recover arrears from them and return the recovered funds to the disease emergency relief fund.

　　V. Organizational guarantee

　　In accordance with the principle of government organization and leadership, coordination and cooperation between departments, establish a joint meeting system of municipal disease emergency rescue, be responsible for studying and formulating relevant supporting policies and measures, and make overall plans to promote disease emergency rescue work. Members of the joint meeting include the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Civil Affairs Bureau, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal State Taxation Bureau, the Municipal Local Taxation Bureau and other departments, and the office is located in the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission. All members of the joint meeting should strengthen coordination and cooperation in accordance with the division of responsibilities, form a joint effort, and ensure that the disease emergency rescue system is implemented. Attachment: Establishing the Division of Responsibilities of Beijing Disease Emergency Relief System Attachment: Establishing the Division of Responsibilities of Beijing Disease Emergency Relief System

　　Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission: responsible for taking the lead in formulating the subsidy standards for emergency disease relief, the norms and procedures for confirming the identity and payment ability of emergency disease relief objects, and the supervision and management measures for the management institutions of emergency disease relief funds. Assist the Municipal Finance Bureau to formulate measures for the supervision and management of the municipal disease emergency relief fund. In conjunction with the Municipal Finance Bureau, select and determine the fund handling management institutions, and supervise and guide them to carry out their business. Assist the fund management agency to review and confirm the identity or payment ability of relevant patients. Supervise medical institutions to perform emergency treatment obligations according to laws and regulations, and investigate and deal with illegal acts such as medical institutions and their staff defrauding and taking subsidies.

　　Municipal Finance Bureau: responsible for taking the lead in formulating the measures for the supervision and management of municipal disease emergency relief funds, and determining the fund raising scale, subsidy methods and standards. To assist the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission in formulating the subsidy standards for disease emergency relief and the measures for the supervision and administration of the management institutions of disease emergency relief funds. Assist the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission in selecting and determining the fund handling management institution, and supervise and guide its business. Responsible for the government investment in the city’s disease emergency relief fund, arrange the operating expenses of the fund management agency according to the way the government purchases services, and guide and supervise the use and management of the fund.

　　Civil Affairs Bureau: responsible for assisting the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission in formulating the norms and procedures for confirming the identity and payment ability of the emergency aid recipients. Assist medical institutions and fund management agencies to review and confirm the identity and payment ability of relevant patients. Guide the district and county civil affairs departments to do a good job in allocating medical assistance funds for social assistance objects and assistance funds for vagrants and beggars within their respective jurisdictions.

　　Municipal Public Security Bureau: responsible for assisting the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission in formulating the norms and procedures for confirming the identity and payment ability of emergency relief objects. Assist medical institutions and fund management agencies to review and confirm the identity and payment ability of relevant patients. Supervise and coordinate the allocation of social assistance funds for road traffic accidents.

　　Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security: responsible for assisting the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission in formulating the norms and procedures for confirming the identity and payment ability of emergency relief objects. Assist medical institutions and fund management agencies to review and confirm the identity and payment ability of relevant patients. Supervise the social insurance management institutions to pay the emergency treatment expenses of insured patients.

　　Municipal State Taxation Bureau and Municipal Local Taxation Bureau: responsible for implementing the preferential tax policies for disease emergency relief funds to accept social donations in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　District and county governments: organize district and county health and family planning departments to assist medical institutions and fund management agencies to verify whether the rescued object belongs to the new rural cooperative medical system and pay the emergency treatment expenses payable by the new rural cooperative medical system according to regulations; Strengthen the daily supervision of medical institutions to fulfill their obligations of emergency treatment.

　　Medical institutions: All kinds of medical institutions at all levels in this city should establish and improve the organization and leadership mechanism, designate relevant departments to be responsible for the daily management of disease emergency rescue, undertake emergency rescue obligations in accordance with relevant state regulations, and organize emergency rescue work. Public medical institutions should improve the internal control mechanism, and write off part of the first-aid arrears incurred by the aid recipients by charging bad debt reserves. Encourage non-public medical institutions to take the initiative to write off the first-aid expenses of emergency relief objects.

　　Fund handling and management institution: responsible for accepting and reviewing the application for financial subsidies and related certification materials submitted by medical institutions, and checking the basic information such as the identity, payment ability and other payment channels of arrears patients with the assistance of relevant departments; Timely disbursement of subsidy funds to medical institutions according to regulations; Pre-allocate working capital to medical institutions that often undertake first aid work; Recover emergency treatment expenses from patients who have the ability to pay or other payment channels; To recover the emergency relief funds that have been defrauded or taken from the medical institutions with outstanding problems; Do a good job in raising social donation funds and other management work.

　

　　(Graphic irrelevant) Figure/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Chen Youzi

　　Joint pain is high in winter, especially shoulder pain. Many people think that it may be caused by cold or cervical fatigue. Just put on more clothes and have a rest.

　　Liu Yongxin, deputy chief physician of the Second Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second People’s Hospital, reminded that there is a kind of "shoulder pain" that may be caused by heart disease. It is necessary to seek medical treatment in time so as not to miss the best treatment opportunity.

　　Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter He Xuehua Correspondent Wang Meng

　　Is shoulder pain really tiring?

　　When encountering shoulder pain, many people usually feel "just tired", especially those who often sit in front of the computer and work at their desks for a long time. Shoulder pain is normal. Usually get up and exercise, or do a simple massage to relieve it quickly.

　　For Guo Qiang (a pseudonym), an office worker in Guangzhou, this "shoulder pain" has become a big trouble.

　　The 43-year-old Guo Qiang is in middle age, and he is the pillar of the family. He is usually in good health, but he suddenly appeared flustered the other day and then fainted. The frightened family quickly dialed 120 and sent him to the hospital. After the medical staff struggled to rescue him, Guo Qiang finally turned the corner. The attending doctor said that Guo Qiang had an acute myocardial infarction this time. Fortunately, he was rescued in time, otherwise he would probably die.

　　When asking about the family members, the doctor found a detail: as early as a week ago, Guo Qiang told his family that his left shoulder hurt. The family thought it was caused by fatigue, so they didn’t care. Liu Yongxin, deputy director of the Second Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second People’s Hospital, told his family that sometimes shoulder pain is an atypical symptom before myocardial infarction, not just muscle pain that everyone thinks.

　　Before female myocardial infarction

　　There are many atypical symptoms

　　"Before the onset of acute myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease, angina pectoris is often used as a precursor symptom. Failure to find it in time will delay treatment." According to Liu Yongxin, the symptoms of angina vary from person to person. Most of them are chest tightness and chest pain. Atypical symptoms can be manifested as abdominal pain, shoulder and arm pain, neck and pharynx pain, and even toothache.

　　"Angina pectoris is the pain caused by chemical products stimulating visceral nerves. Because the positioning is unclear, the pain parts are often diversified." Liu Yongxin pointed out that women have more atypical symptoms.

　　When angina pectoris is suspected, ECG is the simplest and most convenient identification method. Through the nature, inducement, relieving factors and accompanying symptoms of pain, it can also be roughly judged whether it is shoulder musculoskeletal pain or angina pectoris.

　　Generally speaking, angina pectoris can be relieved by quiet rest at the time of intense activity or emotional excitement, which usually lasts for several minutes to ten minutes. If the pain lasts for more than half an hour, you must see a doctor in time. However, the pain of skeletal muscles is related to a large number of local activities or local cold, and the pain is clearly located and lasts for a long time.

　　Liu Yongxin pointed out that the cold weather in winter is the high incidence season of cardiovascular diseases. People with basic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity should pay special attention, and people who smoke, drink and are nervous should also attach great importance to it. People with family history and middle-aged and elderly patients should have regular physical examinations. Pay special attention to the abnormal symptoms that suddenly appear on the body, especially the atypical symptoms mentioned above, and don’t be careless.

　　Attention!

　　These may be

　　"distress signal" of the heart

　　The following may be signs of heart disease:

　　1. indigestion.

　　Different from ordinary stomach diseases, stomach pains caused by heart disease rarely cause colic and sharp pain, and tenderness is not common, but there is a feeling of oppression and fullness, sometimes accompanied by dull pain, burning sensation and nausea and vomiting. There may be some relief after defecation, but the uncomfortable feeling will not disappear completely.

　　2. Shortness of breath.

　　Shortness of breath means feeling "insufficient breath". After sitting still for a few minutes, breathing seems to return to normal, but when the patient walks again, breathing begins again. This wheezing symptom of heart disease is often ignored by women and elderly patients with lung disease.

　　3. Extremely tired.

　　After a brisk walk, there will be signs of extreme fatigue, so tired that I don’t even have the strength to straighten up. Fatigue is not confined to a certain part of the body, but is systemic. If you feel more tired than ever, you should go to the hospital for examination immediately.

　　4. shoulder pain.

　　Different from ordinary shoulder pain, this kind of pain is generally dull, not sharp, and often radiates to the front and inside of the arm until the little finger. Most of them are fatigue, and the pain is relieved after rest. Of course, this symptom of heart disease needs to be differentiated from cervical spondylosis.

　　In particular, these may also be "distress signals" of the heart:

　　1. The lower lip and ring finger on one side are numb, paroxysmal and sometimes accompanied by sweating;

　　2. Toothache, excluding the problems of the teeth themselves, is best to have a look at the cardiology department;

　　3. Headache, especially accompanied by symptoms of chest tightness, intensifies during activities, and it is better to stop and rest;

　　4. Abdominal pain, which feels like "spicy" pain like eating a lot of peppers, sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting;

　　5. Back pain, from front chest pain to back, is radial pain, especially when accompanied by sweating.

　　The theme of World Meteorological Day in 2022 is "Early warning, early action: meteorological, hydrological and climatic information to help prevent and reduce disasters".

　　When disasters come, being prepared and taking action at the right time and place can effectively prevent and mitigate disasters and protect people’s lives and property. Meteorological disaster warning information is the most important warning light before meteorological disasters come, and it is an essential message tree for disaster prevention and mitigation.

　　What are the meteorological disaster warnings? What do different colors represent? Where do we get the early warning information? Today, I will take you to explore the early warning of meteorological disasters and the stories behind it.

　　14 categories and 4 levels

　　At present, the Central Meteorological Observatory has issued 14 kinds of meteorological disaster warnings under the authorization of China Meteorological Bureau.

　　According to the possible harm and urgency of meteorological disasters, the meteorological disaster warning is set to four levels: blue, yellow, orange and red, which respectively represent ordinary, heavy, serious and particularly serious. Some warnings have only one, two or three levels.

　

　　With the gradual improvement of meteorological disaster risk prevention system, the ability of meteorological disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning has been significantly improved. In the past five years, the National Early Warning Information Publishing Center has published an average of 195,000 meteorological warning messages every year, with rainstorm, fog and high temperature being the most published meteorological disaster warnings in these five years.　　

　　Where does meteorological warning come from?

　　Step 1: Observe-See the atmosphere clearly.　　

　　Step 2: Forecast-man-machine "diagnosis"　　

　　At this point, a meteorological disaster warning information was born.

　　Who will receive the meteorological disaster warning information at the first time? How fast is it released?　　

　　How does the public get early warning information?

　　Convenient, efficient and wide-coverage information acquisition channels are one of the prerequisites for "early action". The data shows that SMS, radio, TV, Internet or smart terminals are all convenient channels for the public to obtain early warning information. With the cooperation of multi-channel publishing means, the comprehensive public coverage rate of early warning reached 92.7%.　　

　　It is worth noting that China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and the climate is complex and diverse. There are typhoons along the coast and sandstorms in the northwest. The same 50 mm rainfall in summer brings coolness to the coastal areas, but it may bring disasters to the northwest. Therefore, local meteorological departments follow the principle of "localization", issue local early warning signals according to the classification of meteorological early warning and the characteristics of local meteorological disasters. In other words, the early warning signals of meteorological disasters in different places are not completely unified, so we must focus on the early warning information issued by the local meteorological observatory.

　　What action should we take when we receive the warning signal of meteorological disaster? Different situations have different answers.

　　Meteorological disaster early warning can be roughly divided into two situations. The blue and yellow warning signals are "early warning", indicating that although it is still relatively calm, the danger may be in front of us; Orange and red warning signal are generally warnings when bad weather is "in progress"-bad weather has happened and may be further upgraded.　　

　　Past lives of Meteorological Warning

　　The development of meteorological disaster early warning also reflects the transformation of China’s characteristic meteorological disaster prevention, mitigation and relief system.

　　In 1954, the State Council of the Central People’s Government issued the "Instructions on Strengthening the Forecast, Early Warning and Prevention of Severe Weather", and the meteorological disaster warning first appeared in the public eye. At that time, the forecasting and early warning mainly relied on experience, and the means of communication were limited, and the popularity was not high.

　　At the end of the 20th century, with the progress of atmospheric science, the upgrading of observation methods and the continuous improvement of meteorological science and technology such as monitoring and forecasting, the accuracy of forecasting is getting higher and higher, and early warning is also playing an increasingly significant role.

　　In April, 2007, China Meteorological Bureau formulated and issued "Measures for Issuing Meteorological Disaster Warning of Central Meteorological Observatory (Trial)", which is applicable to eight types of meteorological disaster warning, divided into orange warning and red warning.

　　In April 2010, the number of meteorological disaster early warning increased to 13 categories. Each type of meteorological disaster warning has at most four levels, which are expressed in four colors: blue, yellow, orange and red.

　　In August 2013, a new method for issuing strong convective warning was added. So far, meteorological disaster warning has increased by 14 categories.

　　In 2015, the National Early Warning Information Release Center was established, and the meteorological disaster warning was issued authoritatively from here.

　　In December 2018, a new method for issuing sea fog warning was added to the fog meteorological disaster warning.

　　Deep integration and optimization of services needed by people’s livelihood

　　The national early warning information publishing platform not only publishes 14 kinds of meteorological disaster warnings, but also publishes meteorological disaster forecasting and early warning information jointly carried out by China Meteorological Bureau and relevant departments, so as to fully protect public safety actions.　　

　　In recent years, meteorological departments at all levels have actively integrated into and served the construction of a modern economic system, optimized meteorological disaster early warning services needed by people’s livelihood, and cooperated with high-impact industries and departments in depth, so that the "meteorological early warning+"service is closer to the needs of the people.　　

　　Endeavor, new journey, new era of meritorious service

　　The Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Meteorological Development proposes to strengthen all-weather and high-precision comprehensive stereoscopic monitoring of meteorological disasters, improve the accuracy of meteorological disaster prediction and early warning, and extend the forecast period of meteorological disasters.　　

　　In the future, the early warning of meteorological disasters will focus on improving the accuracy, advance and refinement of early warning of heavy rain and local sudden strong convection.

　　Pay attention to early warning and predict risks.

　　Rain or shine, we are always by your side.

China Meteorological Bureau Meteorological Propaganda and Popular Science Center (China Meteorological News Agency) National Early Warning Information Publishing Center jointly produced.　　

Expert Consultant: Chen Jin, Deputy Chief of Public Meteorological Service Center.

　　Planning: Yan Hong Yan Xin

　　Cartography: National Early Warning Information Release Center

　　(Editor: Yan Hong)

　　Mr. Li, a citizen, reported that some people sold a variety of brand-name cigarettes on the second-hand trading platform. In addition, there are some three-no e-cigarettes. Some citizens said that counterfeit e-cigarettes were purchased on the platform. Yesterday, the Beijing Morning Post reporter found that most cigarettes and e-cigarettes sold online did not have purchase vouchers, so it was impossible to verify the authenticity. According to the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Tobacco Monopoly Licenses, online sales of tobacco are prohibited. The customer service said that it had been informed and would handle it.

　　Tobacco went to the second-hand platform.

　　According to Mr. Li, he bought a "hard Chinese" cigarette on the second-hand trading platform Xianyu. com, and the price was much cheaper than that of the retail store. "Stores are generally more than 600 yuan, and online sales are only more than 300 yuan, which is cheaper than duty-free shops." This made him feel excited, and at the same time he doubted whether the smoke was true or not.

　　The reporter entered keywords such as "China" and "Yuxi" on the Internet, and immediately displayed the sales information of hundreds of merchants. Some merchants mark the price of cigarettes. A hard Chinese cigarette only needs 200 yuan, which is several hundred yuan cheaper than a cigarette store. The reporter’s investigation found that the cigarettes sold on the platform are brand-name cigarettes. The reporter saw that a seller registered in Chaoyang District sold Chinese cigarettes in 300 yuan. Although many people make inquiries and consultations under cigarettes, the real transaction volume shows zero.

　　There is no receipt for selling e-cigarettes

　　In the investigation, the reporter found that not only cigarettes are sold on the second-hand platform of idle fish, but also a wide variety of electronic cigarettes are sold. The reporter saw on the Internet that the merchants posted photos of these e-cigarettes on the Internet, and other information was incomplete. On the packaging of some e-cigarettes, there are no relevant certificates such as production licenses, which belong to three no products. Mr. Liu, who once bought an e-cigarette on a second-hand platform, told reporters that the e-cigarette he bought was very inferior, and the cigarette holder was also broken, so there was no way to use it. "The seller also sold me 120 yuan. I saw in the small commodity wholesale market that only the same quality was sold to 35 yuan, which was really cheated."

　　In addition, the reporter asked a number of sellers to provide vouchers at the time of purchase, and the sellers’ answers were "not kept". A seller said that there is no way to prove whether the tobacco sold is genuine, and it can only be verified after buying it back. "This is second-hand, who can keep the receipt for you?".

　　Cigarettes are banned online.

　　The reporter learned that according to China’s "Measures for the Administration of Tobacco Monopoly Licenses", "except for enterprises that have obtained tobacco monopoly production enterprise licenses and tobacco monopoly wholesale enterprise licenses, any individual, legal representative or other organization may not sell tobacco monopoly products through information networks, so online cigarette shops are illegal." At present, the customer service of the idle fish second-hand platform indicates that the situation has been registered and will be handled.

　　The staff of the R&D Center of Beijing Tobacco Bureau reminded the public that buying tobacco products online is harmful, and everyone must not buy cigarettes online for petty gain. In addition, if a citizen finds someone selling tobacco products illegally, he can call 12313 to report it.

　　Beijing Morning Post Hotline News

　　Reporter Zhang Jingya

　　Effects of cigarette smoke (CSE) and electronic cigarette vapor (ECVE) on biofilm. Image source: Respiratory Research

　　In recent years, e-cigarettes are controversial. And a recent report published in the open access journal Respiratory Research may increase the bargaining chip for one side of this debate.

　　Scientists have previously found that smoking-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, are related to some specific bacteria. E-cigarettes have similar effects on these bacteria as traditional cigarettes.

　　Security and attribute doubts

　　E-cigarette is an electronic product that imitates traditional tobacco. It has the same appearance, smoke and taste as cigarettes, and even gives smokers the same feeling.

　　It usually consists of a cigarette tube containing nicotine solution, an evaporation device and a battery. By means of atomization, e-cigarette turns nicotine into steam, and then it is smoked by users.

　　E-cigarettes became all the rage after the efforts of tobacco control in many countries increased. Because it is considered as a safer substitute for traditional tobacco, it is regarded as a reliable "smoking cessation means" because it contains no harmful components such as tar and suspended particles.

　　However, the nature and safety of e-cigarettes have always been controversial. At present, the United States, South Korea and other countries define e-cigarettes as tobacco products, Austria, Canada, Britain and other countries define e-cigarettes as medical products, and Italy, Russia and other countries define them as ordinary consumer goods. At the same time, as early as 2013, German researchers conducted research and analysis on e-cigarettes, and found that e-cigarettes contain a lot of propylene glycol, which may stimulate the respiratory tract and cause some acute symptoms, which may be more harmful than traditional cigarettes. Since then, there have been repeated studies that smoking e-cigarettes for a long time may also lead to dependence on nicotine.

　　Increase the harmfulness of pulmonary pathogenic bacteria

　　The latest report shows that acute lung disease is related to the use of e-cigarettes containing nicotine and traditional cigarettes. The research team from the School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, UK, made a detailed comparison of the effects of cigarette smoke and e-cigarette steam on bacteria known to be associated with smoking-related long-term lung disease.

　　The researchers exposed Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cigarette smoke extract or e-cigarette vapor extract for culture. The bacteria in the control group were cultured in an environment without cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor extract.

　　The researchers found that exposure to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor extract did not seem to have a bad effect on the growth of these bacteria. However, exposure to these extracts increased the biofilm formation of these bacteria, and this effect did not appear in the unexposed control group. Biofilm is an aggregate of one or more types of microorganisms, and it is known that the increase of biofilm is a process of many different types of microbial infections.

　　This discovery may indicate that cigarette smoke and e-cigarette steam will enhance the harmfulness of common pulmonary pathogens and help the formation of stubborn infections.

　　In order to evaluate the harmful degree of bacteria exposed to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor extract — — Or pathogenic changes, the researchers infected the larvae of the great wax moth with bacteria, which are a model organism of human infection and can test the influence of bacterial infection on the survival rate of larvae. However, the survival rate of Cercospora mellifera infected with bacteria exposed to cigarette smoke or e-cigarette steam extract decreased compared with that of the control group.

　　In further experiments, the research team showed that bacteria infected human lung cells under the exposure of cigarette smoke extract or e-cigarette vapor extract, and found that the amount of interleukin -8 (an important factor related to inflammation) secreted by these cells increased.

　　More cigarettes in each bite?

　　Deldri Kilpin, the correspondent of the study, said: "A recurring theme of this study is that the exposure of cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor has similar effects on bacterial behavior and pathogenicity. These findings show that e-cigarettes have similar effects on common pulmonary pathogens or cigarettes. "

　　The researchers cautioned that cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor extracts used in the experiment were prepared in a similar way, so they may not reflect the difference in nicotine exposure between smoking and smoking e-cigarettes.

　　Kilpin believes: "Compared with traditional smokers, e-cigarette users smoke more and smoke longer in each bite, which may increase nicotine intake. Therefore, our model may underestimate the nicotine exposure of respiratory pathogens in e-cigarette vapor. "

　　In this study, the researchers used a common brand of e-cigarette, which had no added flavor, and bacteria were only exposed once in smoke and steam extracts. They believe that further research is needed to investigate the aroma substances in e-cigarettes and the effects of their long-term exposure. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 15th Special feature: Why is the "Belt and Road" event highly anticipated — — Answers from the world’s "friends circle"

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Qiu Xia Zhu Ruiqing Liu Pinran

　　In October, the third "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum will be held in Beijing. This is the most grand event to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, and it is also an important platform for all parties to discuss high-quality cooperation in building the Belt and Road Initiative. Overseas people have expressed full expectations for this grand event.

　　Where do these expectations come from? Please see the answer given by building the "Belt and Road" and "Friends Circle".

　　Looking forward to coming from "change"

　　On May 28th, China-Laos Railway passenger train passed the Mekong River Bridge in Luang Prabang, Laos (photo of drone). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Chen Chang)

　　The expectation of the world comes from the "changes" that happen around people.

　　Kaifa, 24, is the dispatcher of Luang Prabang Maintenance Management Center of Laozhong Railway Co., Ltd. In his eyes, "change" means that villagers get on the train and travel becomes convenient.

　　China-Laos Railway is the first modern railway in Laos. Since it was put into operation in December 2021, the beautiful "Lancang" EMU has quickly integrated into the daily life of the Lao people, and the Lao people have entered the "EMU era".

　　From Kunming, China in the north to Vientiane, Laos in the south, the opportunity for development and prosperity extends along the railway tracks, and China-Laos Railway crosses mountains and rivers, helping Laos realize its dream of changing from a "land lock country" to a "land link country". Since the beginning of this year, the freight volume in China-Laos Railway has risen sharply, covering Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar and other countries. In July this year, the train link between China-Laos Railway and Central Europe was completed, forming a new channel connecting Asia and Europe.

　　According to Rawal Searle, a global affairs analyst in Nigeria, the "changes" brought by the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative to Africa’s most populous country abound, "from the new terminal of Abuja International Airport, the capital, to the blue line of Lagos light rail, and then to the deep-water port of Laiji, ‘ Belt and Road ’ The project has promoted the infrastructure construction of this country in an all-round and three-dimensional way. " Searle hopes that the third "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum will become another opportunity for Nepal and China to deepen cooperation.

　　Melaku Mulu Alem, a senior researcher at the Institute of Strategic Affairs in Ethiopia, interprets "change" as "building the Belt and Road" cooperation has promoted the development of green energy in Africa, and "benefited from the participation of Chinese enterprises in construction, Ethiopia’s hydropower and wind power projects have made great progress, greatly improving the utilization level of renewable energy". Mulu Alem expects that the summit forum will provide a platform for countries to jointly promote sustainable development cooperation projects.

　　Farhat Asif, director of the Institute of Peace and Diplomacy in Islamabad, Pakistan, pointed out that the level of interconnection between Pakistan and neighboring countries has been greatly improved, which is a far-reaching "change". She said that as an important pilot project to jointly build the "Belt and Road", the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has built a modern road network, railways and ports for Pakistan, which has promoted the efficient flow of goods and people, reduced transportation time and logistics costs, and promoted Pakistan’s economic and trade growth. Asif hoped that the summit forum could reach more cooperation plans on global infrastructure construction, economic cooperation and other issues.

　　Looking forward to coming from the "people’s heart"

　　On April 12th, in Luban Workshop in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, Professor Tafang explained the function and usage of the green electric energy display platform to students. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Ospanov)

　　The expectation of the world comes from the common "people’s hearts".

　　"The land ends here and the sea begins in Sri Lanka." Camons, the Portuguese "poetic soul", once described his motherland in such a romantic way. Hundreds of years ago, China blue-and-white porcelain crossed the ocean and came to Portugal, where it merged with local porcelain production technology to form a unique "Portuguese Blue". Hundreds of years later, China and Portugal at the east and west ends of the Eurasian continent, with the platform named after the ancient oriental craftsmen, collided with more beautiful modern craft sparks and built another bridge connecting the people. This is the "Luban Workshop".

　　"Here, I not only learned to use various robots and visual equipment, but also developed an industrial communication research project." Portuguese student Alexandre geraldo studied practical training in Luban Workshop, and gained a lot in recent years. In 2018, the Luban Workshop in Portugal, jointly built by Tianjin Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology and setubal Institute of Technology in Portugal, officially signed a contract to train talents in electrical automation and industrial robots.

　　From Portugal to Thailand and Tajikistan, and then to Djibouti and Benin, China colleges and universities have cooperated with more than 20 national colleges and universities in Asia, Africa and Europe to build one Luban workshop after another, creating a "golden signboard" for international vocational education cooperation.

　　Take the interests of the world as the benefit and the hearts of the people as the heart. In the past ten years, the "One Belt, One Road" has been built with people as the center, and a number of cooperative brands including Luban Workshop have been built, focusing on eradicating poverty, increasing employment and improving people’s livelihood, so that the fruits of cooperation can better benefit people of all countries.

　　China fungus grass grows on the land of Asia, Africa, Latin America and South Pacific countries, helping local people get rid of poverty, and is called "rich grass" and "happy grass"; China’s foreign aid medical team went to many countries to send light to cataract patients, and watered the flower of friendship with wonderful hands and kindness … … Many "small but beautiful, quick results, benefiting people’s livelihood" projects have been solidly promoted, and the sense of gain and happiness of the people who have jointly built the country has been continuously enhanced.

　　Standing at the new starting point of the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, the co-construction partners expect the summit forum to promote cooperation results to better benefit the people and make more tangible contributions to the economic and social development of all countries.

　　According to Amadou Diop, a Senegalese expert on China, the "Belt and Road" has a very positive impact on the social economy and people’s life of the country, and it is a real initiative of "winning people’s hearts, benefiting people’s livelihood and benefiting the world".

　　Eggerton University and Nanjing Agricultural University in China cooperated to establish the China — "One Belt, One Road" Joint Laboratory of Crop Molecular Biology in Kenya. Richard Moulois, Vice President of Eggerton University, said that the deepening of agricultural cooperation between Africa and China will boost agricultural reform in Africa and effectively benefit people’s livelihood in Africa.

　　Experts and scholars from many countries believe that the "One Belt, One Road" initiative has played an important role in improving the living standards of the people in the co-construction countries through poverty reduction cooperation, agricultural technology exchange training and vocational education. We look forward to taking the summit forum as an opportunity to coordinate the cooperation of all parties and realize people-oriented sustainable development.

　　Looking forward to coming from "justice"

　　The picture shows the landscape layout of the third Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit Forum, which was filmed near the Beijing National Convention Center on October 14th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Huanzong photo

　　The expectation of the world comes from the "fairness" of cooperation.

　　For thousands of years, the ancient Silk Road has witnessed the grand occasion of "emissaries face each other on the road, and business trips are endless" and "Yun Fan is high, and the stars are flying around the clock", which has promoted the exchanges and mutual learning between the East and the West and accumulated the Silk Road spirit with peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit as its core.

　　Nowadays, building the "Belt and Road" draws wisdom and strength from the ancient Silk Road and the spirit of the Silk Road, actively advocates the concept of win-win cooperation and the correct concept of justice and benefit, insists that all countries are equal participants, contributors and beneficiaries, and promotes economic integration, development linkage and achievement sharing.

　　This is the "fairness" that we adhere to in building the "Belt and Road". This great cooperation across land, sea and Unicom is not a solo, but a chorus of all parties; It’s not a private path, but sunshine avenue, where everyone walks hand in hand.

　　"China adheres to the principle of tolerance and consultation, which helps to reach consensus with relevant countries in economic development projects." Abdel-Sater Abasi, associate professor of Islamabad University, Pakistan Southern Committee on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, said.

　　According to Francisco Taiana, a professor at the Argentine National University of Kilmes, the cooperation in building the "Belt and Road" through exchanges and consultations is one of the important reasons for the success of building the "Belt and Road" in the world. "Ten years ‘ Belt and Road ’ Good results and long-term planning for the future are conducive to avoiding ‘ Zero-sum game ’ , better realize globalization, so that people all over the world can benefit from it. At ‘ Belt and Road ’ On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the initiative, we should sum up our experience and plan the future of this important initiative in depth. "

　　“‘ Belt and Road ’ The international cooperation summit forum discusses world development from the height of the destiny of all mankind. Here, everyone has equal right to speak. This is a grand gathering for all parties to seek development opportunities and build a beautiful and happy home. " Willem Pachaunppadi, director of the Thailand-China Belt and Road Research Center, expects that the summit forum will make new and important contributions to building consensus and promoting international cooperation on the Belt and Road, especially the participation of developing countries in building the Belt and Road. (Participating in reporters: Chao Jiang, Hou Ming, Yang Zhe, Wang Ping, Wang Zhongyi, Gao Bo, Zhang Jianhua, Yu Qianliang, Zheng Shibo, Zhu Yubo, Yao Bing, Shen Danlin, Li Ao, Shi Zhongyu)

As the "king of fruit", people still have many questions about it, such as whether it is "fragrant" or "smelly"? Does durian shell have any other use value besides pricking people? Who should eat durian carefully … Don’t worry, let’s talk about durian in this article.

Is durian fragrant or smelly?

People have different opinions on the smell of durian, which is a combination of fragrance and odor. Some people say it is super "fragrant", while others say it smells like a gas tank. If durian is baked in the oven, it may be misunderstood by neighbors as "baking shit".

Why does durian smell so special?

In fact, the normal smell of fresh durian is very sweet, accompanied by onion flavor and elegant fruit fragrance, which is very delicious. However, if the picking time is too late and the durian is over-ripe on the tree, it will emit a sulfur smell. In addition, if durian is kept in a closed environment, it will also give off a special smell.

Some people have analyzed the flavor components of seven common durians, and found that there are 58 kinds of volatile substances in durian, so it has a strong flavor. Because of the existence of esters and sulfides, durian has its own unique and strong fragrance. Among them, sulfur compounds make durian produce a unique "onion-sulfur" smell, and different contents and proportions will also make people have different perceptions and evaluations. Sulfide components are the highest in Jinfeng durian, so its smell is the most special and strong; The existence of esters makes durian have fruity aroma and pleasant smell, which is the highest among the golden pillow durian, but it will also be affected by factors such as heredity, environment (temperature, rainfall, altitude), cultivation and harvesting technology.

How about durian nutrition?

Durian is delicious, but its nutrition is really good.

-Vitamins: Durian has better vitamin content than many common fruits, such as vitamin B, vitamin E, nicotinic acid, etc.

-Minerals: Durian has good potassium and magnesium content, especially the potassium content is as high as 261 mg /100 g, which is higher than that of bananas that can supplement potassium in everyone’s mouth. Eating 100 g can meet 13% of the daily potassium demand of the general population, which is also very helpful for controlling blood pressure.

-protein: Although the quality of protein in fruit is not as good as that of meat, eggs and milk beans, in terms of content, the protein content of durian is considered as the best in fruit, which can provide 2.6 grams of protein per 100 grams, 6.5 times that of apples.

-Dietary fiber: According to the nutrition database of USDA, the total dietary fiber content of durian is 3.8g/100g, which is 1.6 times that of apple.

However, although durian is rich in nutrition, its calories can not be underestimated. The calorie per 100 grams is as high as 150 kilocalories, which is equivalent to a small bowl of rice.

How to use durian shell and durian core?

Although durian is soft inside, it is covered with armor and thorns. Most people throw away durian shells and durian cores when they eat durian, thinking that it is useless to keep these two goods.

▲ Figure: durian shell (left) and durian core (right)

In fact, they can really use it. Both the white pulp endothelium of durian shell and durian stone can be used to make soup, which can increase the flavor of soup. Durian stone can also be cooked and eaten alone. After cooking, peel off the outside and there is a small nut inside, which tastes a bit like chestnut and is quite delicious.

▲ Figure: Small nuts in durian core

In addition, durian shell and durian stone also have some nutritional value. Animal experiments show that the extract of white pulp endothelium from durian shell has certain anti-inflammatory effect; Durian stone contains vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.

How to buy a good durian?

-Look at the crack: durian will crack when it matures. Try to choose a smaller crack, which will increase the risk of pollution.

-Look at the color: With the increase of durian maturity, the durian shell will gradually turn yellow, which may be caused by the increase of β -carotene content. Therefore, choosing durian with a yellow shell means that it is relatively more mature. If the color is blue, it means that the maturity is not enough, and the taste may be worse.

-Smell: Choose something sweet and fruity, and don’t choose something with obvious odor, which may be too mature or deteriorated.

-Touching the fruit thorns: With the increase of durian maturity, the fruit thorns will gradually soften and the thorns will turn brown. If the durian thorns are blue or hard, it is not mature enough.

▲ Figure: The tip of the fruit thorn turns brown.

-Tap to listen to the sound: When the fruit reaches a certain maturity, there will be a gap between the pulp and the shell. When something is tapped on the fruit (such as the back of a knife), it will make a hollow sound.

-Variety selection: Durian with golden pillow is the largest, with more pulp, smaller seeds and high edible rate, but with thick peel and high organic acid content; Maoshanwang durian has large fruit, more pulp, thicker peel and higher soluble solids content.

How to store the durian I bought?

If durian is left too long, it will make people smell bad more easily. This is because durian is a climacteric fruit, which means that during the period from the stop of growth to the beginning of aging, the respiratory rate will suddenly increase and there will be a peak. This process will release ethylene, the respiration will rise rapidly, and the fruit will be more mature.

It was found that durian’s respiratory jump was very active at 24℃, 27℃, 30℃ and 33℃. Too mature durian is easy to rot and stink.

Therefore, in order to inhibit the degree of respiratory jump of durian during storage, it must be placed in a low temperature environment. However, because it belongs to tropical fruit, chilling injury will occur if the storage temperature is too low, especially when it is stored with skin. For example, durian with golden pillow will suffer chilling injury when it is stored at 13℃.

Therefore, if the durian is shelled, it is recommended to store it at about 15℃, and it can be stored for about 3 weeks at the longest. Because durian meat is less prone to chilling injury than durian shells, durian meat can also be peeled off separately, wrapped with plastic wrap and stored in the refrigerator. Depending on the maturity, it can be stored for up to one month, but the flavor may deteriorate if it is stored for too long, and it is best not to exceed half a month.

In addition, durian pulp can also be frozen and preserved, even if it is preserved for more than 3 months, the flavor is still good, and a durian ice cream can be harvested.

Who should eat durian carefully?

Although durian has a unique flavor and a smooth and sweet taste, not everyone can eat it. There are four types of people who must eat less or not eat durian.

-Diabetic patients: Although its GI value (glycemic index) is not very high, only 49, which is a food with low GI, its carbohydrate content is as high as 28.3 g /100 g, which contains sucrose, glucose, maltose and fructose. After eating 100 g of durian, the GL (glycemic load) is more than 10, and the range of blood sugar increase is quite obvious.

Therefore, if you have high blood sugar, try not to eat it.

-Obese people: Durian is among the best among fruits in terms of calories. Eating as much as a fist is equivalent to a small bowl of rice and nearly three times as much as apples. If you want to control your weight or lose weight, you must keep your mouth shut and eat less durian.

▲ Figure: One piece of durian meat is about 90 grams.

-Nephropathy patients: Durian is a high-potassium fruit. Nephropathy patients with hyperkalemia should try to eat less or not.

-People allergic to durian: Some people may be allergic to durian, so don’t eat it.

Author: Xue Qingxin, member of China Nutrition Society, registered dietitian, health manager, public dietitian.

Audit: Ruan Guangfeng, Deputy Director of Kexin Food and Health Information Exchange Center

　　The river is rushing, and there are hundreds of rivers. On the banks of the Pujiang River, the east wind blows, achieving a win-win situation and agitation.

　　"At present, the momentum of world economic recovery is insufficient, and all countries need to help each other in the same boat and seek common development. China will always be an important opportunity for world development, and will firmly promote high-level opening up and continue to promote economic globalization in a more open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win direction. " The letter from the Chairman of the Supreme Leader to the 6th China International Import Expo is inspiring, and once again declares to the world China’s firm determination to promote high-level opening-up and economic globalization.

　　On November 10th, the 6th China International Import Expo(CIIE) came to a successful conclusion at the National Convention and Exhibition Center. Guests from 154 countries, regions and international organizations gathered in the "Four-leaf clover", 72 countries and international organizations appeared in the national exhibition, and 3,486 enterprises from 128 countries and regions participated in the enterprise exhibition, which concentrated on displaying 442 representative first-time new products, technologies and services. This year’s annual intentional turnover in China International Import Expo(CIIE) reached a record high, reaching 78.41 billion US dollars, an increase of 6.7% over the previous session. This report card has injected strong positive energy into the development and prosperity of the global economy.

　　Year after year, we will build a level, effective and better China International Import Expo(CIIE). The functions of the four platforms of international procurement, investment promotion, people-to-people exchanges and open cooperation have been continuously enhanced, and the attributes of international public goods shared globally have become more prominent. It has become a win-win stage for China and the world, and has made positive contributions to accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting the development of the world economy.

　　A window to build a new development pattern — —

　　Provide new opportunities for the world with the new development of China.

　　"If the world is good, China will be good; If China is good, the world will be better. " On the new journey of Chinese modernization, China has accelerated the construction of a new development pattern and constantly provided new opportunities for the world with the new development of China.

　　Goods, services and technologies gather here, and production, investment and consumption emerge here. China International Import Expo(CIIE) has become an international platform for China to connect with the world market, integrate industries, promote creativity and learn from each other. Being in the China International Import Expo(CIIE) Exhibition Hall, carefully installed booths and mutually beneficial and win-win contracts make people feel the same frequency resonance between China and the world.

　　China is an important stabilizer and power source for world economic growth.

　　A few days ago, the first domestic large-scale cruise ship "Ada Modu" was officially named and delivered. The heating, ventilation, communication and fire prevention systems on the cruise ship were produced by johnson controls, who participated in China International Import Expo(CIIE) for six consecutive years. “‘ Ada Modu ’ Some of the equipment orders in the world were signed on China International Import Expo(CIIE). " Yang Guang, vice president of johnson controls and general manager of China District, said, "Today, China is not only a big market in the world, but also a source of global innovation and technology."

　　During the interview in China International Import Expo(CIIE), many foreign-funded enterprises talked about "China Opportunity". What are the opportunities in China? It is the advantage of super-large-scale market demand, the upgrading of industrial structure, the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, and the new space brought by coordinated development and green development.

　　"Participating in this year’s China International Import Expo(CIIE) is more obvious about the upgrading trend of the China market." Yan Xiaofeng, Marketing Director of Northeast Asia of Kony Crane Equipment (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. said, "Strong domestic demand and complete industrial system make the China market a driving force for the growth of multinational enterprises."

　　Promoting reform and development through opening up is an important magic weapon for China’s modernization drive to continuously achieve new achievements.

　　"In China International Import Expo(CIIE), we signed purchase agreements with suppliers in the United States and Europe, covering analytical instruments, biopharmaceutical raw materials and other categories, and established a global supply chain system with deep cooperation." Zhang Han, vice president of Qilu Pharmaceutical Group, often said.

　　Equipped with Japanese Panasonic smart VR glasses produced by Lakeside Optical Core Semiconductor (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. using micro-display technology, it can bring viewers a 4K high-definition virtual reality scene. "In the process of open cooperation, we constantly enhance our competitiveness and go to the international market." Wu Di, chairman of Lakeside Optical Core, said.

　　Taking the initiative to strengthen international cooperation, China has become the world’s largest commodity trading country and the main trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions. In the past 10 years, its annual average contribution rate to world economic growth has exceeded 30%, and it has achieved its own rapid development through mutual benefit and win-win.

　　To promote high-quality development, China and the world jointly cultivate new kinetic energy for global development.

　　The world’s first "super elevator", the net zero discharge system of industrial wastewater & HELIP; … At this year’s China International Import Expo(CIIE), keywords such as "green" and "intelligence" can be seen everywhere, with the world premiere, the first exhibition in Asia and the first show in China staged in turn.

　　"This year in China International Import Expo(CIIE), more than half of the nearly 30 high-tech exhibits we brought are innovative achievements that integrate global resources and China wisdom." Zhang Wei, global executive vice president of GE Healthcare, introduced.

　　At present, the process of digitalization, intelligence and greening is accelerating. China complies with the new requirements of high-quality development, opens up new fields and tracks for development, shapes new development momentum and advantages, and provides broad cooperation opportunities for enterprises from all countries.

　　A high-level open platform — —

　　Let China market become a big market shared by the world.

　　As the world’s first national-level exhibition with the theme of import, China International Import Expo(CIIE) witnessed China’s opening wider and wider.

　　A number of major opening-up measures launched in the first five sessions of China International Import Expo(CIIE) have been implemented. Through the China International Import Expo(CIIE) platform, China has unswervingly and comprehensively expanded its opening up, making the China market a big market shared by the world and injecting more positive energy into the international community.

　　Continue to promote the opening up of "greater market opportunities", actively expand imports, and create huge market dividends for the world.

　　This year in China International Import Expo(CIIE), a blueberry the size of a coin has attracted much attention, which is the world’s first new product brought by Xin Rongmao, a fruit importer — — Pavo Peruvian desert blueberry. "In recent years, we have seized the important opportunity of China to expand imports and upgrade consumption, and continuously introduced fruits such as kiwifruit, Chilean cherries and Thai coconut green into the China market." Guo Min, deputy director of Xinrongmao Market, said.

　　Further reduce tariffs, improve the level of customs clearance facilitation, reduce the institutional cost of import links, and accelerate the development of new formats and new models such as cross-border electronic commerce … … China sincerely opens its market to all countries and shares big market opportunities.

　　We will continue to promote the opening-up of "better integration of rules", further relax market access, and let more foreign investors share the market opportunities in China.

　　As an old friend of China International Import Expo(CIIE), Standard Chartered Bank has signed more than 20 strategic cooperation agreements in China International Import Expo(CIIE), "matchmaking" nearly 5,000 small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Zhang Xiaolei, President of Standard Chartered Bank (China), said that from being granted the custody qualification of China Securities Investment Fund, to participating in the first batch of pilot projects of cross-border wealth management, and then being approved to set up a wholly foreign-owned securities company, thanks to China’s financial opening policy, Standard Chartered Bank has been developing continuously in China market.

　　This year marks the 45th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up and the 10th anniversary of the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone. In June 2019, Syngenta Group registered in Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. In August this year, Syngenta Group completed a super-large-scale syndicated financing of 20 billion yuan. "The construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone has made logistics, data flow, capital flow and people flow more smoothly. As a global company, we have benefited a lot." Yang Lin, executive director and chief accountant of Syngenta Group, said.

　　At this year’s China International Import Expo(CIIE), the State Administration of Market Supervision (State Standards Committee) issued nearly 400 foreign language versions of national standards, promoting the system compatibility between China standards and international standards, and promoting institutional opening through standard cooperation.

　　Continue to promote the opening of "better business environment", create a first-class business environment with marketization, rule of law and internationalization, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment.

　　Having participated in China International Import Expo(CIIE) for six consecutive years, Zhou Xiaping, senior vice president of Novo Nordisk, was deeply impressed by the "blog entry effect": "China’s first connectable and transmissible smart insulin pen exhibited in the 5th China International Import Expo(CIIE) has been listed in China. China International Import Expo(CIIE) shows China’s open attitude, sincerity of cooperation and inclusive mind. "

　　Exhibits become commodities, exhibitors become investors, and the continuous release of the "Expo-entry effect" is a vivid example of China’s continuous promotion of high-level opening up and optimization of business environment. Sun Chenghai, deputy director of China International Import Expo Bureau, said that as a platform to promote high-level opening up, the measures released in China International Import Expo(CIIE) have also promoted the optimization of the domestic business environment.

　　Global Shared International Public Goods — —

　　Help promote the construction of an open world economy

　　China is advancing the construction of a powerful country and the great cause of national rejuvenation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization. What China pursues is not the modernization that is immune to itself, but it looks forward to working with other countries, including developing countries, to realize modernization together.

　　The annual list of exhibitors in China International Import Expo(CIIE), from the powerful world top 500 to the small and medium-sized enterprises in the least developed countries; From an old friend who participated in the exhibition continuously to a new face who participated for the first time … … China has always adhered to an open and inclusive attitude, and promoted the construction of an open world economy with practical actions, so that the fruits of development can benefit people of all countries more fairly.

　　"Belt and Road" is a high-frequency word in this year’s China International Import Expo(CIIE). Among the 72 exhibitors in the national exhibition, 64 "Belt and Road" jointly built the country. Through China International Import Expo(CIIE), more partners who jointly build the country will find new business opportunities and seek new development.

　　A variety of exhibits brought by Yihai Kerry Arowana this year are the results of the "One Belt, One Road" cooperation. "I hope to give full play to the advantages of enterprises and deepen the agricultural cooperation between China and the co-construction countries." Cui Xinyu, director of sustainable development of Yihai Kerry Arowana, said.

　　Separated from the main stadium in China International Import Expo(CIIE), the Greenland Global Commodity Trade Port, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uruguay and other national pavilions opened, amplifying the spillover effect of China International Import Expo(CIIE) in all directions. Since its opening in 2018, Greenland Global Commodity Trade Port has opened 43 "Belt and Road" national pavilions and 19 Silk Road e-commerce national pavilions, serving more than 300 "Belt and Road" enterprises and exhibiting more than 10,000 "Belt and Road" commodities.

　　Firmly support and help the vast number of developing countries and provide China’s plan and China’s strength for common development.

　　With the help of China International Import Expo(CIIE), Bangladeshi jute handicrafts, Zambian honey and Guinea-Bissau cashews, we have created unprecedented sales performance in the China market.

　　Adhering to inclusiveness, China International Import Expo(CIIE) has extensively invited the least developed countries to participate in the exhibition since the first session, and promoted local specialty products to enter the China market by providing some free booths, building subsidies and tax incentives for the purchase of exhibits, so that people from all countries can share the fruits of economic globalization and world economic growth.

　　"China International Import Expo(CIIE) is an important opportunity for developing countries." Pamela Kirk, Executive Director of the International Trade Center — Hamilton said that one of the most important ways to achieve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations is to promote the sustained export growth of the least developed countries, thus promoting their economic and social development, and China International Import Expo(CIIE) has played a great role.

　　Promote the building of a community of human destiny, jointly meet global challenges, and jointly create a better future for mankind.

　　"In China International Import Expo(CIIE), you can have in-depth exchanges with world-leading enterprises, which will bring important opportunities for further promoting in-depth cooperation, integrated development and mutual benefit with global supply chain partners." Song Hailiang, Party Secretary and Chairman of China Energy Construction Group, said.

　　Wei Yanqing, vice president of Aoyou Dairy in China, said that taking the opportunity of participating in China International Import Expo(CIIE), the company will continue to seek wider, deeper and higher-level international cooperation to bring more and better products and services to consumers around the world.

　　The World Open Report 2023 released at the Hongqiao International Economic Forum shows that in the new era, China has adopted a more proactive opening-up strategy, and China International Import Expo(CIIE) is getting better and better. Building the Belt and Road Initiative has become a popular platform for international public goods and international cooperation, and it has embarked on a path of reform and opening up and a benign interaction between China and the world.

　　Economic globalization is the historical trend and the aspiration of the people. Open cooperation and mutual benefit are the most sensible and natural choices. China will continue to work with other countries on the big stage of opening up, better provide international public goods and services that are shared globally, help promote the construction of an open world economy, and make win-win cooperation benefit the world.

　　(Reporter Luo Shanshan, Ouyang Jie, Ge Mengchao, Virginia Lieu, Zhang Zihan, Qu Xinming, Qi Zhiming, Liu Shuwen)

　　When Huang Renxun, the founder of NVIDIA, shouted "The tipping point of generative AI is coming" in May this year, a competition around the global computing industry chain was also going on.

　　"China’s computing industry has begun to take shape, and the output of computing products such as servers, computers and smart phones ranks first in the world. Judging from the total scale of computing power, it ranks second in the world. " On August 19th, Jin Zhuanglong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the Computing Power (Infrastructure) Conference in China in 2023 that computing power has become the key productivity in the era of digital economy and an important cornerstone of the digital and intelligent transformation of the whole society, and it is necessary to speed up key technology research.

　　Enterprises in the industrial chain are also feeling the opportunities brought by this computing revolution. "Everyone is scrambling for the layout." A manager of Hyperfusion told reporters that the scale and speed of domestic (enterprise) investment and deployment are accelerating, whether it is intelligent computing or specific to large-scale model computing power.

　　AI computing power demand "jumps"

　　As an important productive force in the era of digital economy, the scale of China’s computing core industry has reached 1.8 trillion yuan in 2022.

　　According to the Evaluation Report of Global Computing Power Index in 2022-2023, every dollar spent on IT can boost the digital economy output of 15 dollars and GDP output of 29 dollars. In other words, the digital economy will grow by 3.6&permil for every 1 point increase in the country’s computing power index; , GDP will increase by 1.7‰ .

　　According to the latest data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the 19th, up to now, the total rack size of data centers in use in China has exceeded 7.6 million standard racks, and the total computing power has reached 197 trillion floating-point operations (197EFLOPS), ranking second in the world. In addition, 130 trunk optical cables were built around the hub nodes of computing power, and the data transmission performance was greatly improved.

　　By the end of 2022, there were more than 6.5 million standard racks in use in China, with a total computing power of 180EFLOPS. In contrast, in the first eight months of this year, the two figures increased by 16% and 9.4% respectively. According to IDC data, influenced by AI, from 2022 to 2026, the compound annual growth rate of artificial intelligence computing power in China will reach 52.3%.

　　"The door to pattern reshaping has been opened, and the domestic computing industry is undergoing unprecedented major changes." Liu Hongyun, chairman and CEO of Superconfusion, used "jumping" to describe the current state of the industry. He believes that the big model is giving birth to more demand for AI computing power and entering the era of "intelligent computing".

　　"The parameters of large language models have grown from 100 million in 2018 to 100 billion in GPT-3 in 21 years, increasing by 1,000 times in five years. Correspondingly, the demand for computing power of these models has increased by 10 times every 18 months, which is 5 times that of Moore’s Law. In recent years, with the help of sparse computing MoE theory, a large language model with trillions or even trillions of parameters has emerged. " Liu Hongyun said at a partner summit that the rise of multimodal AI will bring more complex models and more huge computing power requirements. The large model is to AI as the earth is to all kinds of animals and plants, which greatly improves the speed and quality of AI development and application.

　　The industry where hyperconfusion is located is the "server" link in the computing power industry chain. At present, the company’s share in the industry has reached the top two, second only to Inspur.

　　For players in the computing power industry chain like hyper-fusion, trillions of parameter models are constantly emerging in the AI era, and the demand for diverse computing power is also growing.

　　According to the data provided by Tianyancha to reporters, by the first half of 2023, there were more than 20 financing events directly related to the "big model" and more than 40 patent applications related to the big model. In the era of big model represented by GPT, multi-modal AI technologies such as voice, picture and video have risen rapidly, shaping a wider data form.

　　As the AI model enters the industry, the computing power it brings will also be reflected in the fields of government affairs, industry, transportation, medical care and other industries. The reporter noted that since last year, Henan, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shanghai, Ningxia and other places have successively introduced policies to support the development of computing power to promote the deep integration of technologies such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy.

　　What are the key points? Where is the challenge?

　　However, while the computing power industry is developing rapidly, it is also facing risks and challenges, such as energy consumption and insufficient computing power.

　　According to statistics in the industry, it takes 14.8 days to train the GPT-3 model on 1000 NVIDIA V100 GPU. Under the condition that the PUE of the data center is 1.1, the total energy consumption will reach 1287MWh. Based on the per capita living electricity consumption level in China in 2021, the power consumption of a single large model training is equivalent to a person’s total living electricity consumption for four years.

　　In addition, there is still a gap between demand and supply in the computing market. According to the prediction of research institutions, the amount of newly generated data in the next three years will exceed the sum of the past 30 years. However, the total amount of data is increasing, and the proportion of data that is really effectively used is negligible. In key technologies, such as server chips, Intel (Intel), AMD and NVIDIA account for more than 85% of the domestic server chip market, and the supply of high-performance chips is insufficient.

　　"The change of computing power demand is also forcing us to go upstream, and the joint ecological partners will reshape the architecture around the server base." Zhang Xiaohua, President of Hyperfusion Global Marketing & Sales Service Department, told reporters that the most important thing in the computing industry is the consensus and promotion of eco-industrial chain partners.

　　"Ecology We have defined multiple dimensions, including sales, services, upstream suppliers, joint innovation lab, software service providers and industry standard organizations, and provided support for partner businesses in terms of systems, incentives, rights, support and services." Zhang Xiaohua told reporters that the "double-ecology" mode currently adopted internally. On the one hand, it cooperates with global suppliers of head parts and raw materials. On the other hand, the free combination of domestic hardware and software products is realized through its own operating system and virtualization technology.

　　In addition to deploying the software and hardware ecology, China manufacturers are also actively deploying the solution of computing power consumption, among which liquid cooling technology has become the direction of tackling key problems.

　　At present, Internet vendors including Ali and Tencent, server vendors such as Hyperfusion, Inspur Information and Dawning have successively invested in the construction of liquid cooling equipment. In order to solve the energy consumption problem, the three major operators plan to carry out large-scale application of liquid cooling by 2025, and more than 50% of data center projects will adopt liquid cooling technology.

　　"From the whole liquid cooling architecture to the realization of liquid cooling, and then to the most critical heat dissipation link involved in the liquid cooling transmission process, the technology has iterated to the fourth generation." Zhang Xiaohua told reporters that the rhythm of R&D is product generation, research generation and operation generation. At present, 10 XLab joint innovation lab have been established in conjunction with several industrial partners, covering key technologies at all levels, from materials to devices, from board-level components to equipment level, and from ecology to data centers.

　　"Technological breakthroughs are fundamental to the development of computing power, and it is necessary to closely track the global technological evolution and industrial development trends." Jin Zhuanglong said at the conference that it is necessary to strengthen systematic innovation and firmly grasp the leading role in development.

　　Previously, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology planned to issue policy documents to promote the high-quality development of computing infrastructure, further strengthen the top-level design, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and enhance the comprehensive supply of computing power.

　　At this conference, Jin Zhuanglong emphasized that China’s computing power industry has begun to take shape, and high computing power chips have accelerated iterative upgrading, and a number of key enterprises in the industry have grown sturdily. (Next) We will carry out the "strong computing power" and give full play to the traction role of "chain owners" enterprises. Focusing on key links such as computing, network and storage, we will gather scientific and technological strength, increase investment in research and development, break through a number of landmark technical products and programs as soon as possible, and accelerate new ones.