China Network January 6 th (Reporter Yang Junkang)On January 6th, 2024, the 21st China Cultural Industry New Year Forum was launched in Beijing. With the theme of "New Starting Point: Cultural Power and Modern Civilization of the Chinese Nation", this forum invites colleagues from all walks of life in Industry-University-Research to share their experiences and collide their thoughts, and discusses theoretical thinking and industrial innovation in building modern civilization of the Chinese nation from the aspects of policy formulation, theoretical research and industrial practice, so as to stimulate the vitality of cultural innovation, promote the construction of a cultural power, and actively make suggestions and suggestions for the new historical journey towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

China Cultural Industry New Year Forum is hosted by Peking University, and undertaken by Peking University Art Institute and Peking University Cultural Industry Research Institute. Founded in 2003, it is a high-level international academic forum with the purpose of promoting communication and exchanges among governments, enterprises and academic circles in the field of cultural industry.

On the same day, the Forum released the Report on the Development of Cultural Industry in China (2023-2024) (hereinafter referred to as "2024 Peking University Report"), reviewing the top ten characteristics of China’s cultural industry in 2023 and predicting the top ten trends in 2024. The 2024 Peking University Report, presided over by Professor Xiang Yong, President of Peking University Cultural Industry Research Institute, is divided into ten characteristics of the cultural industry in 2023 and a forecast report on the development trend of the cultural industry in 2024. Through literature retrieval, big data analysis, expert interviews and questionnaire survey, the 2024 Peking University Report collected the relevant opinions of famous experts and scholars in the national cultural industry, and finally condensed it into the annual academic theme. This report was written by Du Huizhen, Yu Yun, Zhang Yixuan, Zheng Yuqi, Zhang Jinyu, Pei Huien, Deng Yuan, Feng Xuyuan, Wang Xiaoxi and Wei Xixiao. The 2024 Peking University Report is a phased achievement of "Blue Book of Cultural Industry" and "China Cultural Industry Development Report (2023-2024)". As a series and brand-name think tank research achievement of Cultural Industry Research Institute, the Blue Book of Cultural Industry has been published every year since 2003, which has exerted a wide influence in academic circles, industries and political circles, and has always been well received and concerned by readers at home and abroad, and has become an important reading in the field of cultural industry.

The Forum released the Report on the Development of Cultural Industry in China (2023-2024) (Photo courtesy of the participants).

Ten Characteristics of Cultural Industry in 2023

1.AI empowers the cultural industry chain

Due to the widespread influence of ChatGPT, 2023 is also called the first year of generative artificial intelligence. The diversified and multi-faceted application of AI in cultural industry is spreading from creation to communication and consumption. On the creative level, the rapidly evolving and iterative AI can not only help human creators to create a large number of texts, codes, audio and images that meet specific format requirements more efficiently, but also use natural language processing algorithms to analyze user behaviors and preferences, determine what types of content are most likely to be read and shared, and give specific suggestions for revision. In addition to text creation, AI also shows great potential for the creative assistance of the film and television industry in key tasks such as artistic direction and post-production. For example, in the masterpiece Wandering Earth 2 in 2023, the effect of "rejuvenation" of the characters is the use of AI technology. In terms of communication, AI technology can predict users’ preferences and provide personalized cultural content by analyzing users’ behaviors, interests and interaction traces, making information dissemination more refined and targeted. At the same time, AI has also enriched the forms of cultural communication, promoted the interaction between digital cultural products such as virtual idol figures and users, and become a new messenger to spread Chinese excellent culture. However, the development of this emerging technology has also brought new challenges. From the "No to AI Generated Images" campaign in which overseas painters collectively boycotted AI painting on Twitter at the beginning of the year, the Hollywood strike with AI as the fuse lasted for more than 100 days in the middle of the year.By the end of the year, ChatGPT’s father’s speech in Cambridge was protested, and we can see that people are still full of worries about the role of AI in the cultural industry and even human beings as a whole. To this end, cultural industry practitioners need to constantly improve their innovation to cope with the low-quality cultural products that AI may replace. In the face of this change, practitioners can create more in-depth and creative works through cooperation with AI, and lead the cultural industry towards high-quality development.

2. "Poetry+Tourism" to create an immersive travel space

China, as a big country of ancient poetry, has a rich cultural heritage of poetry, and the human landscape and ruins described by poetry have become the spiritual hometown of every Chinese, which is worth exploring and exploring all his life. In 2023, many new attempts to combine poetry with tourism emerged, which had a significant positive effect on stimulating tourists’ interest and improving the quality of tourism products, effectively realizing the promotion of tourism by poetry and the promotion of literature by tourism, and promoting the benign interaction between tourism industry and cultural industry. For example, The Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, which was shown in 2023, expanded people’s imagination of the ancient capital of the Tang Dynasty by presenting the magnificent scenes depicted in the Tang poems, and injected new vitality into the traditional cultural research tourism. The same summer research route of "Entertainment Travel Notes" launched by Qujiang New District in conjunction with the film official and Flying Pig Travel fused the background of tang style and poetic elements, deeply restored the scenes of Gao Shi, Li Bai returning to Chang ‘an and directly buttoning Tianzimen in the film, and broke one million yuan on the day of its launch. It has truly realized "taking poetry as the path and traveling in Chang ‘an". According to the data of Meituan, the movie was released only for ten days, and the booking volume of holiday goods such as various line tours and one-day tours in Xi ‘an increased by 165% month-on-month. The search volume of immersive blocks represented by "Datang City that Never Sleeps" increased by 347% year-on-year. Coincidentally, the movie’s popularity has also aroused the audience’s yearning for Li Bai’s travels. The three theme cultural tourism routes of "Li Bai’s youth journey in the Yangtze River, official journey in his prime and roaming in the north" released by the theme tourism promotion activity of "Reading Li Bai and Traveling to China" held in jiangyou city, Sichuan Province, through combing Li Bai’s chronology and works,More than 30 related relics and scenic spots such as Sichuan, Henan, Hunan and Shaanxi are arranged in series to form a cultural route, so that every tourist can reach the realm of "singing and singing, meaning is far away".

3. Data elements boost the national cultural digitalization strategy

Data is an important factor of cultural production in the new era and a strategic resource for the development of cultural industries. In 2023, the construction of data factor value mining achieved a series of breakthrough results. From the policy point of view, the "Overall Layout Plan for Digital China Construction" was released, pointing out that it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the scale and quality of data resources, effectively release the value of data elements, build a national cultural big data system, and form a Chinese cultural database; The National Bureau of Data released the "Three-year Action Plan of Data Elements ×" (2024-2026) (draft for comments), and took data elements× cultural tourism as one of the key actions; The Ministry of Finance issued the Measures for the Administration of Subsidies from the Central Government to Support the Construction of Local Public Cultural Service System, which clearly supported the construction of the national cultural big data system. From the perspective of major events, the National Data Bureau was officially unveiled, the National Cultural Big Data System Achievement Exhibition debuted at the ICIF, the first 2023 Qingdao Digital Cultural Application Products Fair was successfully held, and the National Cultural Big Data System Construction Achievement Exhibition Center was unveiled in Beijing. With the continuous development of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the ability to collect, store, process and apply cultural data will be continuously improved. The government’s increasing support for cultural industries and digital transformation will provide a better policy environment and safeguard measures for the mining and utilization of data elements. The integration of national cultural big data with other fields has been deepening, such as tourism, education, science and technology, which has spawned new formats and business models.

4. Rural local creation plays a connecting role

In 2023, the construction of rural talents has grown, the construction of rural spiritual civilization has been strengthened, the construction of livable and suitable businesses and beautiful rural areas has been solidly promoted, new rural industries and new formats have been cultivated, agricultural modernization has been further improved, and the comprehensive benefits of rural local creation have been remarkable. The core of local creation lies in creating the modern life aesthetics of traditional villages. By promoting the reconstruction of village cultural life style, the creative capital of town aesthetics and village aesthetics can be activated, rural cultural and creative industries can be cultivated, and the transformation and upgrading of village traditional economy can be promoted. Its core elements include different forms of expression such as "people, culture, land, scenery and production", including local identity and value connection of local villagers, local cultural traditions and resource distribution, soil structure and crop growth, unique landscape and mountains and rivers, and characteristic industries and handicrafts. By stimulating public participation and villagers’ co-construction, rural creation can fully stimulate farmers’ endogenous motivation, fully embody their democratic rights and give full play to their main role, guide farmers to work hard to build livable and suitable rural areas, and gradually make rural areas basically have modern living conditions. In this regard, the National Rural Revitalization Bureau, the Central Organization Department, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Guidelines for Farmers’ Participation in Rural Construction (Trial)" in January 2023, which provided work guidance for relying on farmers extensively, educating and guiding farmers, and organizing and driving farmers to jointly build, govern and share a beautiful home. These local creators comprehensively and systematically extract cultural genes (cultural DNA) contained in rural local creative resources.Creative transformation and innovative development of local traditional cultural resources, combined with local characteristics of ecological resources, agricultural resources, natural landscape, traditional landscape, etc., through the comprehensive means of artistic intervention, to achieve the overall benefits of rural creation.

5. The new public cultural space gains the urban cultural ecology.

As a new cultural format, the new public cultural space is the product of cultural self-confidence and cultural consciousness in the new era. It is a new space with humanity, functionality, openness and sociality created by specific environmental planning, architectural style, scene design, service projects, activities and content supply. Strive to meet the people’s higher-level cultural needs in the new era, improve the efficiency of public cultural services, and promote the integrated development of public cultural services and tourism, so as to reveal and convey the local spirit and humanistic characteristics, cultivate a new civilization and continue the Chinese context. In 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made a strategic plan to build a modern public cultural service system, which started a new journey of building a modern public cultural service system in China. The 14th Five-Year Cultural and Tourism Development Plan of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism puts the innovative development of urban and rural public cultural spaces into the category of promoting the integration of urban and rural public cultural services, and clearly proposes to create a number of "small but beautiful" new public cultural spaces such as urban study rooms, cultural post stations, cultural auditoriums and cultural squares. According to preliminary statistics, the number of branches and service points at the grassroots level has exceeded 100,000, which has become an important starting point for promoting the integration of urban and rural public cultural service systems. There are more than 33,500 new public cultural spaces with high value, strong sense of design and rich content, which truly become the "cultural living room" around the people, and together with the traditional six-level public cultural facilities, constitute the network system of public cultural services in China, and increasingly become the symbol and symbol of urban and rural humanistic spirit and cultural tradition.

6. Humanistic economics guides the high-quality development of culture.

Humanistic economics is a narrative exploration of the interaction between culture and economy, and it is an innovative exploration field. Its core is to create new demands with culture as the fulcrum, with special emphasis on the experience value and transformation ability of culture. In March, 2023, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader praised the urban development model of Suzhou and Hangzhou when attending the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, and pointed out that we can study the human economics in it. In December, 2023, Xinhua News Agency released a think tank report on "Human Economics in the New Era", pointing out its basic characteristics of adhering to the people-centered development thought, fully absorbing the "nutrients" of Chinese excellent traditional culture, promoting the integration and interaction between cultural prosperity and economic development, and creating a new form of human civilization through joint construction, sharing and win-win. It can be said that the proposition is an important academic event in the field of humanities and social sciences in 2023, and research articles, academic conferences and lecture salons around the specific connotation and ideas of humanistic economics appear constantly, enriching the concrete composition of this theory. Generally speaking, culture is an important driving force for economic development and can provide a "more basic, broader and deeper" force for high-quality development. A systematic study and enrichment of humanistic economics will not only enhance people’s sense of cultural acquisition and happiness, but also give full play to the role of culture in activating development momentum, improving development quality and promoting the optimization and upgrading of economic structure, so as to realize the high-quality development of China’s cultural industry and highlight the Chinese modernization of coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

7. Young people return to rational cultural consumption

In 2023, the younger generation in China showed a trend of returning to rationality in cultural consumption. They no longer blindly follow the trend, but pay more attention to the connotation and value of cultural products. This trend has several remarkable characteristics: first, they pursue personalized experience and look for cultural products that match their own aesthetics and interests. They pursue unique and personalized cultural experience, and begin to pay attention to the concept of sustainable consumption and attach importance to the ecology and influence of cultural products. More and more young consumers are more inclined to support cultural brands and activities with strong environmental protection and social responsibility. In the post-epidemic era, offline cultural experience has been upgraded, and offline cultural consumption is no longer limited to traditional ways of watching movies and buying books, but more interactive and experiential cultural activities are sought after. At the same time, people pay more attention to local culture and local characteristics, and young people are more willing to support and participate in cultural activities with local characteristics and experience the unique local cultural atmosphere. As a new way of tourism, special forces tourism has emerged among young tourists, that is, to visit as many scenic spots as possible with as little time and cost as possible. The rise of this way is not only due to the special supply of epidemic situation, but the rational thinking of young people on the way of tourism. At the same time, emotional consumption has become a consumer behavior dominated by consumer emotions. Different forms of cultural activities, such as temple tour, village BA supermarket, City walk, etc., all emphasize emotional resonance and emotional release. Emotion has become a powerful consumption power, affecting consumers’ choices and even reshaping their travel style.

8. Digital copyright protection promotes and balances the development of digital cultural industry.

Copyright is of great value in the fields of culture and economy. Paying attention to copyright protection is not only in line with social interests, but also the obligation of the government. Doing a good job in copyright protection can not only stimulate creation and innovation, promote cultural inheritance, but also promote economic growth and international trade exchanges. With the all-round development of digital technology in 2023, copyright protection faces new opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, the Internet enables digital content to spread to all parts of the world at a faster speed, providing creators with opportunities to spread their works to a wider audience. On the other hand, digitalization and Internet make copyright infringement easier, thus damaging the rights and interests of digital copyright owners. In the digital media environment, digital copyright exists to protect the intellectual property rights of creators and copyright owners, involving the creation, distribution, sharing and use of digital content. Digital copyright plays a vital role in today’s information dissemination, which can balance the relationship between intellectual property protection and public rights acquisition, thus promoting cultural creation and the sustainable development of digital economy. In the era of digital economy, the frequent infringement of digital works, the vague ownership of digital rights, and the difficulty for copyright owners of digital works to defend their rights have triggered a new crisis of digital rights protection. In order to maintain the digital market order, improve the national cultural soft power, and realize the goal of building a strong cultural country in China, we must accelerate the digital copyright protection work and build a perfect digital copyright protection system, so as to promote and balance the high-quality development of the digital cultural industry.

9. Cross-media adaptation of cultural IP

"Cross-media adaptation of cultural IP" refers to the adaptation, continuation and re-creation of intellectual property (IP) content in specific cultural works, including but not limited to novels, comics, games and movies, through different media forms. Mature IP is often cross-media, and fans can build a three-dimensional image of IP in different platforms and creative ways, including digital and physical IP presentation methods. The popularity of IP cross-media production and communication shows the increasing awareness of intellectual property protection and development ability, which is helpful to extend and expand the cultural influence and commercial value of IP. Cross-media adaptation of cultural IP has become a new channel to drive economic growth. With the increasing demand for cultural IP in the global market, the cross-media adaptation of comics and game IP provides more high-quality content for the cultural industry. This growth is reflected in the box office value of the film market to cultural IP and the increase of multi-media. In the top three box office performances in 2023, two films were based on IP adaptation, namely Barbie, which ranked first, and Super Mario Bros. Movie. Barbie was originally a physical doll. Through long-term animation continuation and live-action film creation in 2023, "Barbie" has become a world-renowned IP, and its global influence of intellectual property rights has been increasing. According to statistics, the box office of Barbie is about $1.442 billion, and the success of its film has led to the craze of Barbie’s co-branding of 3C products, which has become a successful example of IP cross-media adaptation. This case shows that,The cross-media adaptation of IP can further realize the commercial value and market influence of IP in copyright management and derivative development.

10. The cultural thought of the supreme leader leads the cultural industry orientation.

On October 7-8, 2023, the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work was held in Beijing, and the cultural thought of the supreme leader was put forward for the first time. The supreme leader’s cultural thought not only has the innovation and breakthrough in cultural theory, but also has the deployment requirements of cultural work layout. The significance of this thought is summarized as "making use of the body clearly and connecting the body with the use". Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s cultural thought, the development ways and means of China’s cultural industry emphasize cultural self-confidence, cultural innovation and cultural consciousness. The cultural thought of the Supreme Leader advocates that in the development of cultural industry, we should pay attention to excavating local cultural resources, inherit Chinese civilization, and promote the spread of China culture with confidence. Consolidate and expand the mainstream ideological public opinion in the new era of endeavor, strengthen positive propaganda with strong confidence as the focus, and improve the ability of public opinion guidance. Cultural innovation plays an important role in promoting the cultural industry, so we should widely practice the socialist core values and improve the construction of innovative spiritual civilization. Encourage innovative thinking and originality in the development of cultural products, literary and artistic creation, and cultivate a group of internationally competitive cultural and creative talents. Advocate the integrated development of culture, science and technology, economy and other fields, and improve the quality and international competitiveness of cultural products. In addition, the supreme leader’s cultural thought emphasizes a broad international vision, constructs China’s discourse and China’s narrative system, actively participates in global cultural exchanges, and promotes China’s culture to the world. Encourage China’s voice to be published on the international stage, strengthen cultural diplomacy, and enhance the international influence of China culture.The cultural thought of the Supreme Leader provides the guiding ideology for the development of China’s cultural industry, emphasizing the requirements of cultural self-confidence, innovation, integration and internationalization, so as to promote the development of China’s cultural industry in a healthier and more dynamic direction.

Ten Trends Forecast of Cultural Industry in 2024

1. Generative artificial intelligence helps creative content production.

Generative artificial intelligence is an artificial intelligence technology that generates a wide range of content based on a large model. Through algorithms such as machine learning and natural language processing, understanding and creativity emerge, which can replace mental work and create various application forms of content such as text, image, audio, video, office, etc., which improves the creative efficiency and breaks through the limitations of creative boundaries. At present, a number of applications of generative artificial intelligence have emerged in the market, such as multimodal GPT-4.0 of OpenAI, AI painting of Midjourney, ERNIE Bot of Baidu, Netease Tianyin, etc., which have been gradually applied to the field of creative content production and dissemination with their strong content generation capabilities. In December 2023, the theme salon of "AIGC Empowers Film and Television Industry Innovation" was held. The National Wenchuang Experimental Zone is accelerating the layout of the generative artificial intelligence track, guiding the development of technology enterprises to match the actual needs of cultural enterprises, improving the competitiveness and application scope of China’s generative artificial intelligence technology, encouraging the innovative application of this technology in the cultural field, and empowering the development of cultural industries. At the same time, the risks of generative artificial intelligence have attracted widespread attention, and its authenticity and accuracy, copyright issues, algorithm discrimination issues and abuse issues have also become important aspects of different neglect. In July 2023, the National Network Information Office, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, jointly issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, aiming at promoting the healthy development and standardized application of generative artificial intelligence.In the future, the creative content production assisted by generative artificial intelligence should be developed in a reliable and controllable range.

2. Digital marketing attaches importance to the emotional connection with consumers.

In the past 2023, artificial intelligence technology has continuously entered various fields of the cultural industry, which has brought great opportunities and enthusiasm to cultural enterprises, but also brought new pressures and challenges, requiring them to actively adjust and meet the needs of the market. For smart products, it not only needs a high degree of operational thinking, but also needs to gradually enhance the emotional perception of the audience and further enhance the consumer experience. As an important grammar of human social life, emotional computing aims to create a computing system that can perceive, recognize and understand human emotions and make corresponding intelligent, sensitive and natural responses, including emotional signal collection, emotional analysis, multimodal fusion, emotional generation and other steps. With the continuous development of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology, the field of empowerment based on emotional computing is increasingly extensive, which has become an important feature of public discourse in the era of digital intelligence. Therefore, the transition from technology to emotion will become one of the key trends of digital marketing in the coming year. Although artificial intelligence itself does not have human emotions, it can try to touch and perceive human emotions and build a bridge with them. This emotional connection is based on massive data, and consumers’ overall preferences and emotional needs can be grasped through in-depth analysis of various behavioral characteristics of cultural products on the Internet. Based on establishing stronger emotional connection with consumers, enterprises can form more targeted marketing strategies, thus actively enhancing the cultural brand power of China.

3. The rise of new consumer groups and diversification of demand

The Opinions on Promoting the Implementation of National Cultural Digitalization Strategy points out that digitalization has been bringing constant impetus to the cultural tourism industry when facing the wave of "new consumption". This digital trend perfectly integrates online and offline to create a brand-new cultural experience. The cultural tourism industry urgently needs to grasp the three core markets of "Generation Z", the emerging middle class and the elderly, and promote the high-quality development of the industry through innovative paths. The individualized demand of cultural consumption is reflected in the pursuit of individualization and customization of cultural products and services. This demand involves diversity, uniqueness and personalized customization. Including the pursuit of customized experience, participation and interaction, personal emotional resonance and cultural identity. With the development of the digital age, digital original consumers will become the main consumption force, and their demand for digital entertainment, virtual reality experience and online cultural content will increase greatly. At the same time, with the aging of the population, the consumption potential of silver-haired groups will also become the engine to release new vitality. They may show more interest and demand in traditional culture, artworks and cultural education. Moreover, with the promotion of rural revitalization strategy, consumers in rural areas may become new consumption growth points. They may pay more attention to the consumption of local culture, rural tourism and traditional handicrafts. Community cultural consumers tend to be oriented by social platforms, and influence consumers’ choice, evaluation and experience by sharing cultural products and experiences.

4. Intellectual property protection encourages the production of more high-quality original content.

Intellectual property law is an important legal system to protect the rights and interests of authors and an important method to safeguard the interests of cultural industries. Therefore, the strengthening and improvement of intellectual property law is very important for the protection of social and cultural industries and rights in China. In the new media era, the diversification of communication platforms has generated a strong demand for communication content, especially high-quality original content; At the same time, the development of media convergence technology facilitates the reproduction and re-dissemination of content. The combination of strong communication demand and media convergence technology not only enlivens modern communication activities, but also causes a series of intellectual property disputes, which increases the urgency of intellectual property protection research from the perspective of new media. Protecting the rights of original content and safeguarding the interests of obligees are not only the needs of perfecting the market economy system and promoting independent innovation in China, but also the needs of establishing international credit and carrying out international cooperation. It is necessary to further improve the intellectual property law, create a legal environment for respecting and protecting intellectual property rights, and promote the awareness of intellectual property rights in the whole society and the improvement of the management level of national intellectual property rights. In order to meet the country’s major strategic needs, we will start tackling key problems in digital copyright protection technology, realize integrated innovation and leapfrogging of core technologies, implement major industrial technology development projects, strengthen citizens’ awareness of intellectual property rights, improve the intellectual property protection system, establish an early warning mechanism for intellectual property rights, severely crack down on infringement of intellectual property rights according to law, actively develop online cultural industries, encourage and support the creation and research and development of national original and healthy online cultural products, and expand the development space of national online culture.Encourage more high-quality original content to continuously produce and create.

5. Cross-border cultural integration creates new scenes, new formats and new models.

General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important speech during his inspection tour in Jiangsu described a "picture" of coexistence and co-prosperity of humanities and economy. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the integration of "culture+technology" has become a trend to "implement the national cultural digitalization strategy". First, speed up the digitalization of cultural resources and promote the digital development and transformation of resources; Second, vigorously promote the application of digital technology and foster the development of new formats; Third, strengthen the supply of digital content of public cultural services and enhance the digital service capability of cultural services; Fourthly, digitalization helps to improve the communication efficiency of culture and art and tourism development. The deep integration of "culture+tourism" gives birth to a new sustainable tourism form-creative tourism. In the practice of local creation, creative tourism gives full play to the leading role of local powers such as local residents and social enterprises, and maximizes the development of local creative capital. Its leisure essence and aesthetic principle require the development of local cultural resources and the excavation of local cultural connotations. "Only Henan Drama Fantasy City" is based on the Yellow River civilization, with immersive drama art as the technique and a brand-new viewing mode; More than 1,600 years ago, with the help of digital technologies such as holographic imaging and full-color 2D screen, "The Goddess of Luo" brought visitors an immersive light experience, and promoted the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture through the integration of culture and technology. The cross-border integration of culture promotes the sustained recovery of consumption, accelerates the upgrading of demand, innovates business scenarios, optimizes the quality of supply, and stimulates the vitality of the market. The integration of "culture+business" has become the future trend.

6. The importance and development of digital cultural industry personnel training

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader General Secretary has made a series of important expositions on digital economy, digital China and cultural power, and the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council have also issued many important instructions on implementing the national cultural digitalization strategy. The successive issuance of policy documents has pointed out the development direction and path for the rapid development of China’s digital culture industry, and one of the most important measures is the cultivation of talents. The development of digital cultural industry is inseparable from innovation, and high-level digital cultural industry talents are the core of innovation. By cultivating talents with advanced technology, creative ability and industry insight, it is helpful to promote the innovative development of digital culture industry and enhance the competitive position of the country in the global digital culture market. In 2023, the pilot project of digital culture industry was actively and orderly promoted, and master’s degrees in digital culture industry were established in Shanghai Jiaotong University and Sun Yat-sen University successively, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment of digital culture industry master’s degree points nationwide and entering the subject catalogue. In the next year, with the "Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Promoting the Classified Development of Academic Degree and Professional Degree Postgraduate Education" issued by the Ministry of Education at the end of 2023 as a symbol, the cultivation of talents in the digital culture industry will be further valued and developed in 2024.

7. Development and application of multimodal cultural model.

Since the end of 2023, Google has released the artificial intelligence model Gemini, which has the ability of complex multi-modal reasoning and can recognize text, images, codes, audio, video and other information. Pika labs, an American AI startup, released Pika1.0, a video generation application. Users can generate and edit 3D animation, animation, cartoons and movies through simple text input, and it has excellent performance in video expansion, regional modification and video style switching, which greatly promoted the global AI model to be upgraded to a multi-modal direction, significantly lowered the threshold for video creation, and widely empowered the cost reduction, efficiency increase and creative output of content production in sub-sectors such as music, movies, games, animation and short videos. In addition, thanks to the spatial computing power of VisionPro, a mixed reality product to be released by Apple in 2024, AI+3D will generate a large model, which will bring a new dimension of human-computer interaction and sensory stimulation, and lay a solid foundation for expanding and enhancing the tourist experience in cultural spaces such as museums, theaters and tourist attractions.

8. Based on the demand for cultural services, promote the quality and efficiency of cultural supply.

In 2023, the rapid release of the backlog of cultural consumption demand made the recovery of the culture and tourism industry obvious, and various new cultural formats frequently appeared: the box office of the Spring Festival movies was very hot; The tourism industry has recovered rapidly, and the cities of online celebrity, represented by Zibo, are remarkable. The popularity of museums around the country has soared, and it is "hard to find a ticket" for holidays; The offline performance market is splendid … In 2024, the public’s demand for cultural services showed a tendency to pursue emerging formats and consume traditional culture. New consumption patterns, such as digital content services and night tours, have developed rapidly, and new consumer groups, such as women, new middle class and sinking market, have gradually emerged, and the cultural market has ushered in a new consumer aesthetic, pushing the cultural and tourism consumer markets towards multiple segments. The demand for excellent traditional culture is another major feature. In recent years, the creative transformation and innovative development have enabled Chinese excellent traditional culture to enter the public life more diversified, faster and more widely, and the people’s consumption demand for China traditional culture continues to rise. Meeting people’s growing spiritual and cultural needs puts forward new requirements for strengthening the supply of high-quality culture: realizing the prosperity and development of cultural industries is a concrete manifestation of strengthening cultural self-confidence and shouldering new cultural missions; Accelerating the construction of modern public cultural service system is a powerful guarantee to meet cultural needs and enhance spiritual strength; The steady implementation of cultural digitalization strategy is the most important thing to enhance the digitalization ability of cultural services and meet the diverse needs of the people.

9. Great Health Travel and Younger Health Consumption

This trend refers to the rise of the integration of great healthy cultural tourism and health preservation concepts and consumption into lifestyle, and more and more young people are willing to invest in tourism, cultural experience and healthy lifestyle. This includes providing healthy cultural experience, popular health science, sports and health-related cultural activities and lifestyle-related products and services. With the increasing concern of young people for a healthy lifestyle, tourism is organically combined with health care and cultural experience. On social media with young users, healthy lifestyle products and content are gradually increasing. The first 2023 Health Travel Industry Development Conference, directed by the Industrial Development Department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, was successfully held, focusing on promoting the integrated development of health industry and travel industry, and discussing the inheritance and development of intangible protection of traditional Chinese medicine, the development practice of health travel industry in various places, the diversified development of health travel by the whole tourism industry chain, the deep integration of health services and travel, and the lifestyle of living in the whole age. Some tourist destinations have begun to introduce tourism products that combine cultural experience and healthy lifestyle, such as cultural health-keeping tours and cultural fitness tours. In addition, some healthy lifestyle brands have also begun to cooperate with the tourism industry to launch healthy tourism products with cultural elements to meet the market demand for healthy lifestyle tourism. Anaya, Hebei Province, provides high-quality cultural content such as drama festivals and music festivals by building art galleries, campsites, cafes and other supporting cultural and leisure places, and is committed to building a brand of lifestyle for all-year-old residents and creating a new young and healthy lifestyle, which is quite popular among young tourists.Under this trend, great healthy cultural tourism and lifestyle will become the hot spot of future tourism. The organic combination of cultural industry and tourism will help meet the needs of younger customers and promote the spread of health concepts in tourism and cultural experience among young people.

10. Globalization of Chinese culture enhances international influence.

Looking back on 2023, cultural exchange has increasingly become an important part of the interaction between countries. As a country with a long history and rich cultural traditions, China has deepened the impression of the international community by actively promoting the international spread of local culture. With the sustained growth of China’s economy and the deepening of globalization, local culture has entered the international market, which is not only a demonstration of cultural self-confidence, but also an important way of cultural exchange and international cooperation. China has a long history and profound cultural heritage, such as traditional literature, drama, music, fine arts, handicrafts and philosophical thoughts, which are internationally attractive cultural resources. By spreading these values, cultural connotations and artistic forms, China has established its own cultural image in the world and built a positive soft power foundation for the country. In recent years, with modern means of communication and innovative forms of expression, traditional culture has been newly interpreted and disseminated, attracting more attention from international audiences. With the development of technology and the establishment of global media network, the innovation and development of China’s local cultural industry in the fields of movies, TV series, animation, online literature, etc. are more easily contacted and consumed by international audiences, showing the story of China and China’s aesthetics, and also promoting cultural understanding and international exchanges. Furthermore, China actively uses new media and digital technology to promote cultural and creative industries. Emerging channels such as social media platforms, online video websites and digital museums make the spread of China culture more convenient and extensive. With the acceleration of internationalization, China is actively shaping its cultural soft power. Promote local culture to go international,It not only shows the charm of its own culture, but also contributes to the maintenance of global cultural diversity and the deepening of cultural exchanges. Looking ahead, with the deepening of this process, China culture will play an increasingly important role in the global cultural map.

Rooney shook hands with his former Manchester United teammates.

Last night and this morning, Rooney’s battle with his old master became the biggest focus.

It was his first game against Manchester United since he returned to England, but his unbeatable record against his old club continued-Manchester United beat Rooney’s Derbyshire 3-0, and striker ihalo scored twice on loan from Shanghai Shenhua.

In the aspect of epidemic prevention and control, because the overseas epidemic situation is not optimistic, many national sports teams that have trained and competed abroad have decided to return to China for adjustment, including the China women’s football team. On the evening of March 5, local time in Sydney, the women’s football team flew back to Beijing from Sydney. After a short adjustment, they will concentrate on preparing for the Olympic preliminaries.

Rooney and Mata hug.

Rooney scored 0 goals in 7 games against the old owner, and the "super league renter" stole the show.

In the early morning of the 6th, Manchester United beat Championship team Derbyshire 3-0 away and successfully reached the FA Cup quarter-finals. This is the sixth consecutive season that they have entered the FA Cup quarter-finals.

Compared with this result before the game, there is not much suspense. Fans are more concerned about the drama of "Rooney vs. the old master".

"Ferguson’s management style is the best I have ever seen. I always remember that when I was young, I quarreled with him every time I got to the intermission. I was depressed and thought,’ Why does he always talk about me? Some players are much worse than me’! "

When Rooney was interviewed by the media before the game, he mentioned his past with Manchester United. "As I get older, I understand more and more why Ferguson did that. Obviously, the goal he set is beyond the reach of other players. "

However, the feeling of "recalling and killing" can’t bring much help to the confrontation of real knives and guns on the field. When Rooney led Derbyshire, 13th in the British Championship, against Manchester United, he could only watch a red "youth storm" sweeping the stadium.

Rooney almost scored a goal with a free kick.

In the whole game, Rooney didn’t have many opportunities to perform. In the 18th minute, he got a free kick on the left side of the frontcourt, and the football drew an arc in the air. However, Manchester United goalkeeper Romero bravely saved the ball.

In the 91st minute, it was another free kick in a similar position, and Rooney’s powerful volley was dissolved by Romero. These were Rooney’s two shots that came closest to scoring. At this point, in Rooney’s career, he lost all seven times against Manchester United, and he didn’t score a goal.

With the deepening of the game, striker ihalo, who joined Manchester United on loan from Shanghai Greenland, Super League, shined brilliantly. He scored one goal in the first half and scored twice in the second half. After a period of adaptation, ihalo used his performance to tell Manchester United fans what is a "super striker".

Ihalo scored twice.

Qatar Open: Lin Gaoyuan loses, and 7 people are out of Japanese table tennis.

In the early morning of the 6th, the Qatar Open ended all the matches on the third match day. Five people regretted stopping the first round of table tennis, including two who lost the civil war and three who lost the foreign war. Lin Gaoyuan, the national champion, lost to samsonov, a 43-year-old veteran.

Judging from the overall record, China’s performance is basically normal. In singles, 19 people appeared and 14 people were promoted, among which Sun Mingyang and Zhang Rui lost to teammates Manyu Wang and Wang Yidi respectively, He Zhuojia lost to 37-year-old German Chinese veteran Shan Xiaona and Gu Yuting lost to Ito Meicheng.

At present, the five main players of the men’s team, Malone, Xu Xin, Fan Zhendong, Liang Jingkun and Wang Chuqin, have all been promoted, but Fan Zhendong was surprised, and only 4-3 reversed Swedish star Carlberg; In the women’s team, Ding Ning, Chen Meng, Zhu Yuling, Sun Yingsha, Chen Xingtong and Qian Tianyi all won the foreign war, but Chen Xingtong also won Li Haoqing of Hong Kong, China 4-3, and it was not easy to win..

Wang Chuqin/Sun Yingsha are in the competition.

As the most important opponent of table tennis in China, the performance of the Japanese team in Qatar is not satisfactory.

In the first round of the competition, the Japanese team played against Guoping four times, and only Ito Meicheng broke through the "Guoping Defense Line". She defeated Gu Yuting and successfully advanced. However, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Miyuki Muhara and Morikama Masataka were all defeated by Chen Meng, Sun Yingsha and Malone with a total score of 0-4 respectively. After the first round was over, the Japanese table tennis team had seven people out.

It’s worth mentioning that Zhang Benzhi once again went on a "one-round tour" and lost to 38-year-old China Taipei star Chuan Chih Yuan. This is already Chuan Chih Yuan’s third consecutive victory over the Japanese teenager this year, which is another "Zhang Benzhi nemesis" after Xu Xin.

In addition to Zhang Benzhihe, the other five main players of the Japanese team (Ito Meicheng, Ishikawa Kasumi, Hirano Miwoo, Koki Niwa and Jun Mizutani) have all been promoted.

Fans receive temperature tests.

Serie A issues 21 new regulations on epidemic prevention and control.

Recently, the Italian government issued a decree that all the events from March 5 to April 3 will be held empty. For safety reasons, Serie A has also introduced a number of measures, such as prohibiting players from shaking hands before and after the game, and inspecting and disinfecting players and staff.

In Serie A, all clubs need to check players and staff regularly to ensure that they are not infected with the virus.

When training in the same game and the same base, players are not allowed to drink water from the same bottle, players are forbidden to eat and drink in the locker room, and players’ clothes need to be placed separately. In addition, in Serie A, players are forbidden to shake hands before and after the game, and the two teams cannot exchange mascots before and after the game.

Athletes should not touch their eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands, cover up when coughing or sneezing, or use disposable paper towels.

Disinfect the training foundation and dressing room frequently, including training activities in the swimming pool, and the team must closely monitor the chemical parameters of water quality; If a player has a fever or any symptoms of infection, he needs to be isolated from the team immediately.

Not only that, the club must reduce its public activities and external contacts; Even when interviewing inside and outside the stadium, the microphone needs to be disinfected.

The women’s football team returned to China for a short adjustment, and then played in the Olympic preliminaries in June.

On the evening of March 5th, Sydney, the China women’s football team, who had been training in Australia before, returned to Beijing by Air China flight CA174 from Sydney. China women’s football team will adjust briefly after returning to China, and then concentrate on preparing for the Olympic qualifiers in June.

The whole process of China women’s football team’s participation in the first stage of Olympic qualifiers can be described as twists and turns. First, the home court changed continuously, from Wuhan to Nanjing, and finally to Sydney.

After flying from Shanghai to Brisbane, the women’s football team was isolated in the hotel. After only one day of adaptation, it began to play, and finally achieved two wins and one draw, and qualified for the semi-finals.

Since then, the China women’s football team has been training in Sydney, waiting for the next two-round match with the Korean team in the second stage.However, due to the outbreak of the epidemic in South Korea, the match with the South Korean team can only be postponed. Judging from the current situation, it is unlikely that these two rounds will be held in April, and it is likely to be postponed until June.

Because of this, the China Women’s Football Team decided to temporarily end its training in Australia, and the team returned to China. The China Football Association also agreed to the women’s football team’s preparation plan.

It is reported that women’s football players will have a temporary holiday after returning home, and then concentrate on preparing for the June game, when China women’s football team is likely to play at home in China.

Inter Milan donated 100,000 euros to anti-epidemic scientific research institutions.

On March 5th, Serie A officially announced that the Italian national derby between Juventus and Inter Milan will be held at 3: 45am Beijing time on March 9th.

Recently, President of Inter Milan Club Zhang Kangyang also announced that Inter Milan will donate 100,000 euros to the biomedical research department of Milan Saco Hospital to help fight the outbreak of coronavirus. The Italian media also highly praised this kind of charity, and Tuttosport wrote on the front cover, "Well done, Zhang! （BRAVO ZHANG！ ）”

Lombardia, where Milan is located, is the center of the Italian epidemic. In view of the current severe anti-epidemic situation, Inter Milan donated to the Biomedical Research Department of Saco Hospital, which has outstanding performance in virus research.

At present, the laboratory has identified the first three complete genomes of Covid-19 isolate in Lombardy, and confirmed that the genomes of Covid-19 in Covid-19, Italy, Finland and Germany, and Covid-19 in China are similar. The research results of Sacco Hospital Laboratory will determine the specific time when Covid-19 spread into Italy.

Although the Italian authorities have already identified the identity of the No.1 patient, there is a view that Covid-19 had spread in Italy for several weeks before the infection of the No.1 patient in Italy.

　　Zhejiang Online May 24th (qianjiang evening news reporter Wang Jian, Chu Huiqiang, Li Kaiyan)Ningbo has been in the forefront of the whole province and even the whole country. This year, Ningbo’s overload control has made a new move, with scientific and technological overload control and legislative guarantee. Ningbo’s "smart transportation" system has greatly improved the effectiveness of highway overload control.

　　According to the latest news, Ningbo has enacted legislation to control overload, which is expected to be promulgated and implemented within this year at the earliest.

　　In addition, the latest data from Ningbo Highway Bureau shows that this year, Ningbo has built the first "intelligent transportation" information platform covering the whole transportation industry in Yinzhou District, and installed an electronic detection system for highway overload control on main roads based on the "intelligent transportation" information platform, and started a new mode of "off-site law enforcement". In the first quarter, 188 penalties were imposed for road overload and violation, of which the proportion of off-site law enforcement increased from 10% in the same period last year to 70% this year. The penalty execution rate rose from 10% to 50%, and the average penalty for a single ticket was 1,575 yuan, down 45% compared with the same period of last year, indicating that under the pressure of efficient electronic overload control, the illegal behavior of highway overloading was well curbed.

　　Case articles ● Strict law enforcement

　　Caught the over-limit car and fled again

　　Get it back to the ends of the earth for you

　　"I didn’t expect you to catch me so soon, and I won’t dare to exceed the limit and overload in the future."

　　Caught in Ningbo, Chen Mou, the driver of Zhejiang J7xx9, escaped to Taizhou by luck. In just six hours, he was invited back to Ningbo by the law enforcement officers of Ningbo Road Administration to accept the punishment. This is the first sentence that Chen Mou, the party concerned, said when he met Ningbo road officials in Jiaojiang, Taizhou.

　　In the early morning of April 21, 2016, law enforcement officers Zhang Yongman and Luo Yuesheng of Ninghai Highway Administration Bureau conducted routine inspections on Xiangxi Line and found that the car with the car number of Zhejiang J7xxx 9 was suspected of exceeding the limit. On the spot, the law enforcement officers ordered the vehicle to go to Ninghai Overloaded Transportation Inspection Station of Provincial Highway 214 for inspection. After inspection, the vehicle was a 4-axle vehicle with a total weight of 60.14 tons and a total weight of 20.14 tons, and ordered the illegal vehicle to park in the parking lot of this inspection station.

　　At about 4: 40 in the morning, Chen Mou pried open the gate of Zhichao Station without authorization, started the car and fled in the direction of Jiaojiang, Taizhou.

　　Ningbo road administration personnel immediately reported the situation to Ningbo road administration detachment. Ningbo Road Administration Detachment immediately issued an investigation notice to Taizhou Road Administration Detachment. With the full support of Taizhou Road Administration Detachment, the vehicle was seized by Jiaojiang Road Administration on April 27th.

　　At present, this case is still under investigation. Chen Mou will be severely punished by law.

　　Forge over-limit vehicle pass

　　Can’t escape from the eyes of road law enforcement personnel.

　　At 11 o’clock on the evening of April 25, two heavy-duty semi-trailer drivers tried to muddle through with two forged "Zhejiang over-limit transport vehicle passes", but they were caught by sharp-eyed road law enforcement officers.

　　These two over-limit vehicles were found on the Xiangxi Line. One was caught on the spot at S19 Yongtaiwen Double Line, and the other drove into the village road and hid near Leigang Zhichao Station. After being seized, the driver lied that it was a pass run by the company and he didn’t know it. However, they consciously avoided the road law enforcement inspection, and even took risks to drive into the village road, which was obviously intentional. After a detailed investigation, the road administration temporarily detained the two over-limit vehicles.

　　According to the provisions of Article 38 of the Regulations on Highway Safety Protection, if the highway management organization approves the application for out-of-gauge transportation, it shall issue the out-of-gauge transportation vehicle pass with the style specified by the transportation department in the State Council. Vehicles approved for out-of-gauge transport shall carry the out-of-gauge transport vehicle pass with the vehicle, travel at the specified time, line and speed, and hang obvious signs. It is forbidden to rent or transfer the pass for over-limit transport vehicles. It is forbidden to use forged or altered passes for over-limit transport vehicles.

　　The over-limit vehicles seized are 25 meters long, 3.6 meters wide and 4.5 meters high, all exceeding the prescribed length, width and height, and will face a fine of less than 30,000 yuan. Road law enforcement officials said that when an overloaded vehicle is driving, it will block the line of sight when turning and turning around because of its huge body, which poses a safety hazard. If an overloaded vehicle wants to drive on the road, it needs to apply for an overloaded vehicle pass to the highway management agency in advance. Forged or altered overloaded vehicle passes must not be used.

　　Data articles ● Comprehensive overload control

　　In 2015, Ningbo investigated and dealt with 14,314 illegal and out-of-gauge vehicles, including 10,119 on-site and 4,195 off-site law enforcement vehicles, which increased by 69.2% year-on-year, and the number of off-site law enforcement cases was 149.82% of the annual target (the planned number of off-site law enforcement cases in the city was 2,800), accounting for 85% of the province’s investigation; Investigate and deal with 5418 overloaded vehicles, and the traffic police department deducted 17533 points; Organized and carried out four "iron fist" series of centralized rectification actions in the city, which effectively curbed the overloading of highway vehicles. The over-limit rate of vehicles has dropped from 10.9% five years ago to below 3.5%, and the traffic accidents caused by over-limit trucks have dropped by 38.26%. The freight rate of road freight has risen reasonably, and the freight turnover has increased steadily, which has effectively protected the safety of roads, bridges and tunnels.

　　Dynamic articles ● Renovation of illegally modified vehicles

　　According to the statistics from the Ningbo Municipal Transportation Commission, in 2015, the city of Ningbo dispatched more than 41,000 road law enforcement personnel, more than 9,000 transportation personnel, more than 15,000 public security personnel, more than 11,000 urban management personnel and nearly 700 agricultural machinery personnel in the highway overload control. More than 2,600 illegally modified vehicles were investigated and dealt with, and 134 road transport permits were cancelled according to law.

　　In the rectification of illegally modified vehicles, Ningbo highlights the source rectification. Among them, Xiangshan County took the lead in completing the rectification of illegally modified vehicles in the county, which was affirmed by the city leaders. Cixi and Yinzhou have made great efforts to rectify illegally modified vehicles and achieved good results. In view of the general individualization and decentralized operation of vehicles, Ninghai has taken the corporatization of muck transport vehicles as a breakthrough, and the rectification work has achieved remarkable results.

　　For this piece, Ningbo Zhichao Office has firm confidence, is determined to treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and continue to pay close attention to the two special rectifications of illegally modified vehicles and engineering vehicles. Specifically, on the one hand, it is necessary to severely crack down on illegal modification of dens by vehicles, so as to "catch one and knock down one"; On the other hand, guide enterprises to transition as soon as possible, speed up the closed transformation and elimination and renewal of existing muck and mud transport vehicles, and all newly purchased vehicles must meet the relevant standards of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, so as to reduce and prevent the phenomenon of overloading and exceeding the standard.

　　Advantages ● Off-site law enforcement

　　Weave a big net of science and technology.

　　Since 2013, after the pilot project in Beilun achieved a breakthrough of comprehensive control over "off-site law enforcement", the city has reached 4,195 cases of off-site punishment. Ningbo has gone through the course of "exploration+summary+promotion" on the road of "internet plus’s overtaking". Over the past two years, relying on the comprehensive overload control information platform and highway electronic detection system, we have invested 120 million yuan to build a large network of overload control through science and technology.

　　Wang Renzhou, vice mayor of Ningbo, said, "This is a great event that we have been trying to do for many years, but now it has come true. This fundamentally changed the mode of highway overload control and greatly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of law enforcement, and there was no administrative reconsideration and litigation during this period. "

　　Progress ● legislation to control overload

　　It is expected to be promulgated and implemented this year.

　　Overloading not only seriously damages highway bridges, increases the cost of road and bridge maintenance, but also threatens road traffic safety and even leads to vicious competition in the freight market. Overloaded trucks bring many hidden dangers to roads and traffic safety.

　　The author learned from the city’s conference on comprehensive highway overload control and deepening the renovation of engineering vehicles that Ningbo will manage the overload transportation through legislation, and relevant laws and regulations are expected to be promulgated and implemented within this year. Overloading not only seriously damages highway bridges, increases the cost of road and bridge maintenance, but also threatens road traffic safety and even leads to vicious competition in the freight market. With the joint efforts of all levels and departments, Ningbo investigated and dealt with more than 2,600 illegally modified vehicles, more than 5,400 overloaded vehicles and 140,000 illegally overloaded vehicles last year. On the basis of joint overload control, Ningbo will also promote long-term overload control through legislation. At present, the "Measures for the Administration of Overloaded Highway Transportation in Ningbo" has been included in this year’s legislative plan of government regulations, and the first draft has been solicited. The next step will be to revise the provisions, and strive to report to the municipal government before the end of June and promulgate and implement it within the year. This year, Ningbo will also fully implement the source responsibility investigation mechanism. The transportation management department will revoke the operation license of illegal vehicles for three times or more within one year and blacklist them. The illegal behavior of overloading is included in the credit safety evaluation of the enterprise to which the vehicle belongs, which is linked to the interests of the enterprise such as new resource license, evaluation and evaluation, and transportation business bidding.

He Wei examined the patient’s condition.

Twenty years ago, two brothers, He Wei and He Xiangdong, successively obtained their doctorates from Kyushu University. They vowed to "solve the problem of eye care for poor patients in China" and returned to China to establish the Ho Eye Hospital Group. The development of Ho Eye Hospital Group started from scratch. Up to now, it has 8 eye hospitals, 60 optometry stores, 1 medical college, 1 eye industry research base, and more than 1,600 medical and teaching staff, which has sent light to nearly 80% of eye patients in Liaoning.

Dream, starting from a free clinic

After graduating from China Medical University in 1984, He Wei, who came from a medical family, was sent by the Ministry of Education to go to Japan for further study as the first international student studying for a doctorate in ophthalmology. After studying abroad for 8 years, he obtained a doctor’s degree and a Japanese medical license.

"My dream began with a free clinic." In 1992, He Wei returned to the motherland with the Japanese medical aid group to attend a free clinic for cataract surgery for the old people in Northeast China in Fushun. He took the initiative to sign up for all the free clinics, 18 times for 10 days at a time. He Wei’s heart can no longer be calm when he sees the long queues of villagers waiting for medical treatment and hears the longing and gratitude of the heart. One can be cured, but even if the operation doesn’t stop breathing, it can’t be done-there are too many patients! Everyone has to make one eye first, and the other one will be about next year. Every time I leave, I don’t give up. A pair of hands hold together and refuse to let go: "Doctor, will you come again next year?" I have another eye waiting for you! " "At the end of the free clinic, an old man told me that he didn’t want to live because he couldn’t see." He Wei said, "This made me make up my mind to go back to China and build an eye hospital."

My younger brother He Xiangdong is three years younger than He Wei. Although his brothers and sisters have different personalities, they have the same aspirations. In 1995, they left Japan where they had lived for eight years and returned to the motherland.

He Xiangdong

Today’s Ho Eye Hospital has the same medical equipment and inspection equipment as the first-class hospitals in China. Behind the Ho Hospital building, there is a small building with no sign-Ho Civilian Eye Hospital. The patients who come here for medical treatment are all poor people selected and introduced by grass-roots government organizations such as streets, and Ho gives them free treatment.

In the past 20 years, Ho Eye Hospital has served 8.8 million person-times, reduced or exempted 197 million yuan for poor patients, and the amount of public welfare free surgery accounted for 48.9% of the total amount of surgery, and performed cataract surgery for 79,800 poor patients.

Running a school and building an ideal "bright city"

In the depths of the scenic Qipanshan Mountain in Shenyang, there is a university without walls-Ho Medical College: more than a dozen red tiled buildings, beige castle teaching buildings, laboratories and libraries are arranged in turn. In front of the stepped open-air assembly square, there is a pool of winding water "Boya Lake", and behind it is the hall-style art college building supported by tall pillars.

He Xiangdong has an unforgettable memory that when Ho lived in a small house of 125 square meters, He Wei asked him to use that 286 computer to draw a brilliant "bright city" picture. The reason why they insisted on building a university is because the two brothers realized that only by training more doctors and reserve forces can a "bright city" be established.

He Wei said, "In addition to training a large number of undergraduates and junior college students, we have been insisting on training rural doctors and village doctors for grassroots for free for 20 years, training ophthalmologists for backward areas in western China such as Tibet for free, and training 32,000 grassroots doctors for free for 20 years."

Wei He

Scientific research, gathering professional strength

For the future, the two brothers are ambitious: to realize the industrial chain of medicine, teaching, production, learning and research. He Wei said that education should become the "engine" of medical care and provide practical talents suitable for future development; Let scientific research become the "storage battery" of medical treatment, and let China’s medical technology change from imported to "made by China".

Planning the eye industry base, engaging in scientific research and industrial transformation, the Group currently has 28 patented technologies, among which intraocular lens has been certified by the European Union, and the price can be reduced to 1/3 compared with similar imported crystals.

In 2006, Liaoning love light Blind Prevention Foundation was established in Ho Eye Hospital Group. He Wei said: "Integrating resources together to make a bright cause bigger is not only to prevent and treat blindness, but also a spiritual pursuit." He Wei and He Xiangdong hope to arouse the public’s responsibility and gather more social forces through the foundation.

Recently, the General Office of novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Command issued the Notice on Strictly Implementing the Code Inspection of "Yukang Code" in Public Places (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). On September 4th, the relevant person in charge of the comprehensive office of the epidemic prevention and control headquarters in novel coronavirus interpreted the Notice, saying that entering various public places, it is necessary to standardize the wearing of masks and actively scan the codes.

All public places in the city are equipped with "place codes"

The "Notice" clarifies that "entry codes" are set up at traffic ports such as airports, railway stations, highway underpasses and inter-provincial long-distance bus stations in the city.

"The’ entry code’ can be understood as the’ place code’ of the whole Chongqing, which must be scanned by people returning from Chongqing outside the city." The person in charge said that after scanning the "entry code", people returning from outside the city need to "report as soon as they enter Chongqing" and "check as soon as they enter Chongqing" according to the pop-up window, that is, complete the community report and a nucleic acid test.

In addition to the traffic port, all public places in the city, especially hotels, key business places, cultural and entertainment venues, city parks, public service institutions and residential areas, have "place codes", and those who enter the city are scanned for admission.

For citizens, it is necessary to check the code when entering public places. According to the Notice, one inspector of "Yukang Code" and "Travel Code" (hereinafter referred to as "Two Codes") is designated for each entrance in the area under the jurisdiction of various public places at all levels, and one staff member is designated as the "point length".

Red code, yellow code and pop-up window personnel cannot take urban rail transit and ground bus in the central city.

What should I do if I may encounter different situations after scanning the code? The person in charge introduced that taking transportation stations such as airports, railway stations, inter-provincial long-distance bus stations and port terminals in the city as examples, "Fukang code" is a red code, a yellow code and a pop-up window, which cannot enter the station (people who have pop-ups after scanning "Chongqing code" are not subject to this restriction); Code red personnel should be immediately reported to the local community for classification. People with red code, yellow code and pop-up windows cannot take urban rail transit and ground bus in the central city.

When checking into a hotel, if the "Yukang Code" is green, you can check in normally; "Yukang Code" is a green code, but the "itinerary code" shows that the history of sojourning involves epidemic-related prefecture-level cities, and it is necessary to scan the "QR code of community report" to report to the community and register with the report record; If the code "Yu Kang" is a pop-up window or a yellow code, you can go through the check-in formalities after showing the negative certificate of nucleic acid test within 24 hours or the nearest nucleic acid test (the person with a pop-up window after scanning the code "Yu Kang" is not subject to this restriction); "Yukang code" is a red code, immediately report to the local community and implement temporary control measures.

The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Commission of Commerce said that shopping malls, supermarkets, agricultural wholesale markets, farmers’ markets (vegetable markets) and other key business places should reasonably set up personnel and vehicle entrances, and be equipped with sufficient inspectors. Admission personnel should wear masks, take their temperature, scan the place code, and the red code, yellow code, pop-up window and those who do not wear masks and have abnormal body temperature cannot enter.

Dining places, scenic spots, fitness places, chess and card rooms, bars, e-sports places, Internet cafes, KTV, culture, art and sports science and technology training institutions, bathing centers, theaters and other cultural and entertainment places are also not allowed to enter.

In addition, at least one "two-yard" inspector should be identified at each entrance of indoor large-scale activity venues; Outdoor large-scale activities shall be managed by "fence" according to local conditions, with reasonable entrances and exits and sufficient inspectors.

You need to check the code when you go to the hospital.

The person in charge said that for the medical staff, if the "Fukang code" is a green code and the "itinerary code" shows that the history of residence does not involve epidemic-related prefecture-level cities, they can see a doctor normally; "Yukang Code" is red code, yellow code, pop-up window or "Yukang Code" is green code, but the "trip code" shows that the history of living in the epidemic-related prefecture-level city involves ordinary outpatient patients, and medical institutions will arrange special personnel to guide them to the fever clinic for immediate nucleic acid detection and closed-loop diagnosis and treatment; "Yukang Code" is red code, yellow code, pop-up window or "Yukang Code" is green code, but the "trip code" shows that the history of staying in the epidemic-related prefecture-level city involves acute and critical patients. The medical institution will transfer the patients to the fever clinic or the buffer area of other corresponding diagnosis and treatment units for emergency treatment in a single room, or choose a relatively independent area in the hospital for emergency treatment, and at the same time carry out nucleic acid detection.

For non-medical personnel (including relatives and friends of medical personnel, caregivers of hospitalized patients, etc.), if the "Yukang Code" is a green code and the "Travel Code" shows that the residence history does not involve epidemic-related prefecture-level cities, they can enter medical institutions; "Yukang Code" is a pop-up, yellow code or "Yukang Code" is a green code, but the "trip code" shows that the sojourn history involves epidemic-related prefecture-level cities, and it is not allowed to enter medical institutions; If the "Yukang code" is a red code, immediately report to the local community and implement temporary control measures.

In addition, the "two yards" will be strictly checked for those who come to the village (community) to report face to face, and the itinerary of the past seven days will be checked.

The person in charge said that when entering all the above-mentioned public places, for the elderly, children and other groups who do not use or operate smart phones, alternative measures such as registration with valid ID cards, agency by relatives and friends, and showing "trip codes" can be taken.

He reminded that it is everyone’s responsibility to prevent and control the epidemic. Members of the public are requested to consciously cooperate with the "Yukang Code" to scan and check the code. When entering public places, business places and crowded places, they should wear masks and scan the code actively.

On September 26th, Tesla CEO elon musk appeared at the opening ceremony of Wuzhen Summit in world internet conference in 2021. Musk has conducted in-depth exchanges with nearly 100 world-class industry experts at home and abroad on the theme of "Towards a new era of digital civilization–working together to build a community of cyberspace destiny", discussing global Internet governance and sharing global Internet development experience.

Musk made a video speech.

Musk gave a high degree of recognition to the data security problem that has been paid special attention to in the whole pan-Internet field in recent years, including smart cars. He said: "Data security is the key to the success of intelligent connected cars, which is not only closely related to personal interests, but also closely related to the interests of the whole society." At the same time, Musk stated that "Tesla is happy to see the introduction of relevant laws and regulations and strengthen data management."

At the Wuzhen Summit in world internet conference, Tesla also fully demonstrated its data architecture and data security settings to the participants, which triggered frequent punching of guests, especially elites and followers in the field of smart cars.

The picture in this article is provided by Tesla.

As can be seen from Tesla’s display, Tesla Motors will generate the following four types of data:

Vehicle data related to vehicle use, operation and condition: such as vehicle speed, mileage, motor speed, steering wheel torque, software version, etc. In general, the vehicle data is not associated with the customer’s account or frame number, unless it is triggered by specific events, such as the customer’s request for remote maintenance, collision and other security incidents.

The infotainment system data used by the car touch screen: including the summary count of customers’ functions or applications, radio listening time and channels, etc. This information is stored locally in the vehicle or shared anonymously with Tesla, and the car browser history and login credentials are not shared with Tesla.

Diagnostic data: including detailed information of vehicle configuration, firmware, energy use and electronic system status, as well as data transmitted between different systems for identifying errors and conducting technical evaluation. The principle of "minimum necessary" collection aims to ensure the reliability, safety and normal operation of customers’ vehicles.

Autopilot auto-assisted driving data: including the data required for vehicles to use cameras to provide advanced functions such as auto-assisted driving, intelligent summoning and automatic parking. The function of the camera is embedded with the concept of privacy protection at the beginning of the design, and the vehicle will not capture continuous video recordings, nor does it have the function of real-time viewing. By default, data can be processed directly without leaving the car depending on the related functions of the external camera.

Tesla adopts the collection principle of "legal compliance, minimum necessity, openness and transparency" for customers’ personal information and vehicle data, which has also become recognized as the most rigorous data collection method in the field of smart cars.

Musk said that Tesla has set up a data center in China, and all the data generated by its China business, including production data, sales data, service data and charging data, are completely stored in China, and the storage security is ensured by technical means such as data encryption, authentication and access control. Musk emphasized that "all the personally identifiable information of Tesla owners is safely stored in China and will not be transferred overseas. Only in rare cases such as purchasing imported parts, some data will be transmitted across borders after obtaining relevant approval."

Musk said, "I think data protection is not just a company’s business, but should be completed by the joint efforts of the whole industry. We are working with regulators to find the best solution for data security. "

　　CCTV News:At 15: 00 on March 25th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference to introduce the new generation of information technology to help prevent and control the epidemic situation, return to work and resume production, and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Xie Shaofeng, director of the Information Technology Development Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said at the press conference that the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain have played an important role in the prevention and control of the epidemic and the resumption of production.

　　Xie Shaofeng introduced that on February 18th, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Notice on Using Next Generation Information Technology to Support the Prevention and Control of Epidemic Situation and Resume Work", which has achieved good results from the current document implementation.

　　Xie Shaofeng pointed out that in supporting the scientific prevention and control of the epidemic, some medical institutions use new technologies such as the Internet, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to accurately and efficiently carry out epidemic monitoring and analysis, virus traceability, patient tracking and community management. Using artificial intelligence, big data, 5G and other technologies to speed up the diagnosis of virus detection, research and development of new vaccines, prevention and treatment, and improve the efficiency of anti-epidemic, some medical material manufacturers rely on the Internet platform to carry out accurate docking of supply and demand of medical and epidemic prevention materials, efficient production, overall deployment and recycling management. In terms of speeding up the resumption of work and production, some localities have directed enterprises to make good use of information technology and information tools to deepen the application of new technologies such as industrial internet, industrial software, artificial intelligence and augmented virtual reality, and promote new modes and formats such as collaborative research and development, unmanned production, remote operation and maintenance, and online services to accelerate the recovery of manufacturing capacity.

　　At the same time, some places play the role of large-scale platform enterprises and leading enterprises in the industry, do a good job in early warning of production synergy and risks through the industrial Internet platform, ensure the integrity of the supply chain, organize flexible production conversion and capacity sharing in advance for key links that may stop production and supply, and support the security of the supply chain by means of information. In addition, some places use cloud computing to vigorously promote enterprises to go online, focusing on online working methods such as telecommuting, home office, video conferencing, online training, collaborative research and development, and e-commerce.

(On January 28th, 2014, state administration of work safety, Ministry of Transport, issued the first amendment according to the Decision of state administration of work safety, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Public Security on Amending the Measures for Dynamic Supervision and Management of Road Transport Vehicles on April 20th, 2016, and the second amendment according to the Decision of Emergency Management Department of Ministry of Transport on Amending the Measures for Dynamic Supervision and Management of Road Transport Vehicles on February 14th, 2022).

　　

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the dynamic supervision and management of road transport vehicles and prevent and reduce road traffic accidents, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety, the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Road Transport and other relevant laws and regulations.

　　Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the installation and use of satellite positioning devices (hereinafter referred to as satellite positioning devices) and related safety supervision and management activities of road transport vehicles.

　　Article 3 The term "road transport vehicles" as mentioned in these Measures includes passenger cars, dangerous goods transport vehicles, semi-trailer tractors and heavy trucks (ordinary freight vehicles with a total mass of 12 tons or more) used for road operation.

　　Article 4 The dynamic supervision and management of road transport vehicles shall follow the principles of enterprise monitoring, government supervision and networked joint control.

　　Article 5 Road transport management institutions, traffic management departments of public security organs and emergency management departments shall, according to their statutory duties, jointly supervise and manage the dynamic monitoring of road transport vehicles.

　　

Chapter II System Construction

　　Article 6 The platform of satellite positioning system for road transport vehicles shall meet the following standards:

　　(1) Technical Requirements for Platform of Satellite Positioning System for Road Transport Vehicles (GB/T 35658);

　　(2) Terminal Communication Protocol and Data Format of Satellite Positioning System for Road Transport Vehicles (JT/T 808);

　　(3) Data Exchange of Satellite Positioning System Platform for Road Transport Vehicles (JT/T 809).

　　Article 7 Satellite positioning devices installed on road transport vehicles shall meet the following standards:

　　(1) Technical Requirements for Vehicle Terminal of Satellite Positioning System for Road Transport Vehicles (JT/T 794);

　　(2) Terminal Communication Protocol and Data Format of Satellite Positioning System for Road Transport Vehicles (JT/T 808);

　　(3) Technical Conditions for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety (GB 7258);

　　(4) Vehicle Driving Recorder (GB/T 19056).

　　Article 8 Road passenger transport enterprises, road dangerous goods transport enterprises and road goods transport enterprises with 50 or more heavy trucks or tractors shall build a dynamic monitoring platform for road transport vehicles according to standards, or use a qualified socialized satellite positioning system monitoring platform (hereinafter referred to as the monitoring platform) to monitor and manage the running process of their road transport vehicles and drivers in real time.

　　Ninth road transport enterprises to build or change the monitoring platform, before it is put into use, it should be filed with the road transport management institution that originally issued the Road Transport Business License.

　　Article 10 Whoever provides socialized service for dynamic monitoring of road transport vehicles shall file a record with the provincial road transport management institution and provide the following materials:

　　(1) Business license;

　　(2) Service format clauses and service commitments;

　　(3) Relevant certification materials on the ability to perform services.

　　Article 11 Tourist buses, chartered buses, Class III buses and dangerous goods transport vehicles shall be equipped with satellite positioning devices that meet the standards before leaving the factory. Heavy trucks and semi-trailer tractors shall be installed with standard satellite positioning devices before leaving the factory, and connected to the national public supervision and service platform for road freight vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the public platform for road freight vehicles).

　　After a vehicle manufacturing enterprise installs a satellite positioning device that meets the standards for road transport vehicles, it shall attach relevant installation certification materials with the vehicle.

　　Twelfth road transport operators should purchase and install vehicles that meet the standards of satellite positioning devices, and access the monitoring platform that meets the requirements.

　　Thirteenth road transport enterprises should complete and accurately enter the basic information of their road transport vehicles and drivers in the monitoring platform, and update them in time.

　　Article 14 The monitoring platforms of road passenger transport enterprises and road dangerous goods transport enterprises shall be connected to the national networked joint control system of key operating vehicles (hereinafter referred to as networked joint control system), and the dynamic information of vehicles and relevant information of enterprises, drivers and vehicles shall be uploaded to the national public exchange platform of dynamic information of road transport vehicles step by step as required.

　　The monitoring platform of road freight enterprises should be connected with the public platform of road freight vehicles, upload the relevant information of enterprises, drivers and vehicles to the public platform of road freight vehicles as required, and receive the dynamic information of freight vehicles forwarded by the public platform of road freight vehicles.

　　Fifteenth road transport management institutions shall, when handling the operation procedures, review the installation of satellite positioning devices and access system platforms for road transport vehicles.

　　Article 16. No unit or individual may dismantle the satellite positioning device installed on newly-built vehicles at will. The domain name setting of the on-board terminal monitoring center of freight vehicles shall not be changed, except that the dangerous goods transport vehicles are set up in accordance with the relevant standards when accessing the monitoring platform of the networked joint control system.

　　Seventeenth road transport management agencies responsible for the construction and maintenance of road transport vehicles dynamic information public service platform, the implementation of maintenance funds, to the local people’s government for inclusion in the annual budget. The road transport management institution shall establish a step-by-step assessment and notification system to ensure the long-term stable operation of the networked joint control system.

　　Eighteenth road transport management institutions, traffic management departments of public security organs and emergency management departments shall establish an information sharing mechanism.

　　The traffic management department and emergency management department of the public security organ may, according to needs, access the national dynamic monitoring data of road transport vehicles in the system at any time or regularly through the public service platform of road transport vehicle dynamic information.

　　Article 19 No unit or individual may disclose, delete or tamper with the historical and real-time dynamic data of the satellite positioning system platform without authorization.

　　

Chapter III Vehicle Monitoring

　　Twentieth road transport enterprises are responsible for the dynamic monitoring of road transport vehicles.

　　Twenty-first road passenger transport enterprises, road dangerous goods transport enterprises and road goods transport enterprises with 50 or more heavy trucks or tractors shall be equipped with full-time monitoring personnel. In principle, the full-time monitoring personnel shall be equipped according to the standard of 1 person for every 100 vehicles connected to the monitoring platform, with a minimum of 2 people.

　　Monitoring personnel should master the relevant national laws and policies, and take up their posts after passing the training and examination of transportation enterprises.

　　Twenty-second road freight vehicles public platform is responsible for the dynamic monitoring of individual freight vehicles and small road freight transport enterprises (with less than 50 heavy trucks or tractors). The public platform of road freight vehicles sets limits for monitoring speeding and fatigue driving, and automatically reminds drivers to correct illegal behaviors such as speeding and fatigue driving.

　　Twenty-third road transport enterprises should establish and strictly implement the dynamic monitoring management system, standardize the dynamic monitoring work:

　　(a) the construction, maintenance and management system of the system platform;

　　(2) The system of installation, use and maintenance of vehicle-mounted terminals;

　　(3) The post responsibilities and management system of the monitoring personnel;

　　(four) the dynamic information processing and statistical analysis system of traffic violations;

　　(5) Other systems that need to be established.

　　Article 24 A road transport enterprise shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations and the actual situation of vehicles driving on the road, set the limit for monitoring speeding and fatigue driving, and verify the operation route, area and night driving time, etc., so as to monitor and manage the vehicles and drivers in real time during the operation of their vehicles.

　　Setting the limits of speeding and fatigue driving shall conform to the requirements that the cumulative driving time of passenger drivers in 24 hours shall not exceed 8 hours in principle, continuous driving in the daytime shall not exceed 4 hours, continuous driving in the night shall not exceed 2 hours, and the stopping time shall not be less than 20 minutes each time, and the speed of passenger vehicles at night shall not exceed 80% of the daytime speed limit.

　　Twenty-fifth monitoring personnel should analyze and process the dynamic information of vehicle driving in real time, remind drivers to correct illegal acts such as speeding and fatigue driving in time, and record them in the dynamic monitoring ledger; Drivers who continue to drive illegally after being reminded shall report to the enterprise safety management agency in time, and the safety management agency shall take immediate measures to stop them; For those who refuse to implement the measures to stop driving illegally, the road transport enterprise shall promptly report to the traffic management department of the public security organ and dismiss the driver afterwards.

　　Dynamic monitoring data shall be kept for at least 6 months, and illegal driving information and handling conditions shall be kept for at least 3 years. The road transport enterprise shall promptly deal with the drivers who have traffic violation information afterwards.

　　Twenty-sixth road transport operators should ensure the normal use of satellite positioning devices and keep the vehicle running online in real time.

　　If the satellite positioning device fails to keep online, the road transport operator shall not arrange for it to engage in road transport business activities.

　　Twenty-seventh any unit or individual shall not destroy the satellite positioning device or maliciously interfere with or shield the signal of the satellite positioning device, and shall not tamper with the data of the satellite positioning device.

　　Twenty-eighth satellite positioning system platform should provide continuous and reliable technical services to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of vehicle dynamic monitoring data, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system platform providing monitoring services.

　　

Chapter IV Supervision and Inspection

　　Article 29 The road transport management institution shall give full play to the role of the monitoring platform, regularly supervise and assess the dynamic monitoring work of road transport enterprises, and incorporate it into the content of enterprise quality and reputation assessment as an important basis for the bidding and annual inspection of transport enterprises.

　　Thirtieth the traffic administrative department of the public security organ may take the traffic violation information recorded by the dynamic monitoring system of road transport vehicles as the basis for law enforcement and investigate and deal with it according to law.

　　Thirty-first emergency management departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, seriously carry out accident investigation and severely punish the responsible units and personnel who violate the provisions of these measures.

　　Thirty-second road transport management institutions, traffic management departments of public security organs, emergency management departments of supervision and inspection personnel can know the situation from the inspected units and individuals, consult and copy the relevant materials. Units and individuals under supervision and inspection shall actively cooperate with the supervision and inspection, and truthfully provide relevant information and explanations.

　　In the event of a traffic accident on a road transport vehicle, the responsible unit of the road transport enterprise or the public platform for road freight vehicles shall immediately seal up the vehicle dynamic monitoring data after receiving the accident information, cooperate with the accident investigation, and truthfully provide the vehicle dynamic monitoring data; If the vehicle involved in the accident is equipped with an on-board video device, video materials shall also be provided.

　　Thirty-third encourage all localities to use satellite positioning devices to make statistical analysis of the safe driving mileage of operating drivers and carry out safe driving driver competitions.

　　

Chapter V Legal Liability

　　Article 34 The road transport management institution shall not issue or verify the Road Transport Certificate for vehicles that fail to install satellite positioning devices as required, or that have installed satellite positioning devices but fail to display normally in the networked joint control system (heavy trucks and semi-trailer tractors fail to display on the public platform of road freight vehicles).

　　Thirty-fifth in violation of the provisions of these measures, road transport enterprises in any of the following circumstances, the road transport management institutions at or above the county level shall be ordered to make corrections. Refuses to correct, a fine of more than 3000 yuan in 1000 yuan:

　　(1) The road transport enterprise fails to use the standard monitoring platform, the monitoring platform is not connected to the networked joint control system, and the dynamic information of road transport vehicles is not uploaded as required; ?

　　(two) the dynamic information processing system for traffic violations has not been established or effectively implemented, and the handling rate of traffic violations for drivers is less than 90%; ?

　　(three) not equipped with full-time monitoring personnel in accordance with the provisions, or monitoring personnel did not effectively perform their monitoring duties.

　　Article 36 Where a road transport operator, in violation of the provisions of these Measures, engages in business activities by using a transport vehicle that cannot be kept online with a satellite positioning device, the road transport management institution at or above the county level shall educate him and order him to make corrections. If he refuses to make corrections or the similar violation occurs again after correction, he shall be fined from 200 yuan to 800 yuan.

　　Article 37 If, in violation of the provisions of these measures, a road transport enterprise or a unit providing socialized service for dynamic monitoring of road transport vehicles forges, falsifies or deletes the data of dynamic monitoring of vehicles, the road transport management institution at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of more than 2,000 yuan on 500 yuan.

　　Thirty-eighth in violation of the provisions of these measures, the occurrence of road traffic accidents, with thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh cases, the responsibility of the relevant personnel shall be investigated according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 39 If the staff of the road transport management institution, the traffic management department of the public security organ and the emergency management department neglect their duties, abuse their powers or engage in malpractices for selfish ends in the implementation of these measures, they shall be given administrative sanctions; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

　　Fortieth heavy trucks and semi-trailer tractors that have entered the transportation market before the implementation of these Measures shall all install and use satellite positioning devices before December 31, 2015, and access the public platform of road freight vehicles.

　　Dynamic supervision and management of rural passenger vehicles can be implemented with reference to these measures.

　　Article 41 These Measures shall come into force as of July 1, 2014.

　　A couple recently stayed in a hotel and were photographed for 8 hours, and tens of thousands of private videos were sold online. The industrial chain of sneak shots and selling personal privacy was thus exposed. From the production, manufacture and sale of candid equipment to the dissemination of candid videos, the black industrial chain is frightening. Hotels, homestays, rented rooms, fitting rooms, toilets, etc. have become prone to sneak shots. Privacy is no small matter, and dignity is damaged and may even endanger life. So, what is privacy? How to pursue responsibility for stealing others’ privacy? How can we block the eyes of voyeurs?

　　1 Civil Code defines the right to privacy for the first time

　　What is privacy? The Civil Code officially implemented this year stipulates for the first time that privacy refers to the quiet private life of natural persons and the private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know, which is characterized by "privacy". The right to privacy of natural persons is a kind of private right relative to the public interest, which is not infringed by others. Privacy is a kind of personality right. Article 38 of China’s Constitution stipulates: "The personal dignity of People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens is inviolable." The civil code has set up a special chapter in the fourth part of personality rights, which stipulates "the right to privacy and the protection of personal information". It can be said that this clause is the embodiment of the constitution’s protection of citizens’ personal dignity. Among them, Article 1032 stipulates that natural persons have the right to privacy, and no organization or individual may infringe upon others’ right to privacy by spying, harassing, revealing or making public.

　　With regard to the regulation of acts that infringe upon the privacy of natural persons, Article 1033 of the Civil Code clearly lists the specific acts that prohibit the infringement of others’ privacy. Unless otherwise stipulated by law or expressly agreed by the obligee, no organization or individual may commit the following acts: disturbing the private life of others by telephone, SMS, instant messaging tools, e-mail, leaflets, etc. Entering, photographing and peeping into other people’s private spaces such as houses and hotel rooms; Shooting, peeping, eavesdropping and disclosing other people’s private activities; Shooting and peeking at private parts of other people’s bodies; Handling other people’s private information; Infringe on the privacy of others in other ways.

　　The reason why sneak shots can become an "industry" is, to some extent, because sales privacy can make a profit. Some media reporters exposed, and tens of thousands of privacy videos were secretly photographed and publicly sold on the Internet. The price of a video ranged from 20 yuan to several hundred yuan. According to the degree of privacy exposure, buyers can also resell it at a higher price. Stealing photos of privacy has formed a complete black industrial chain. The upstream is responsible for collecting, stealing and sorting out personal privacy, the middle is responsible for buying and selling personal privacy, and the downstream is responsible for making profits from precision crimes or realizing other gray benefits. What is clear is that it is illegal to sell the privacy of candid photos from upstream to downstream.

　　Illegal production and sale of eavesdropping and photo stealing equipment may be investigated for criminal responsibility.

　　Stealing privacy often requires only a very cheap pinhole camera. For these eavesdropping and photo stealing devices, the Provisions on Prohibiting the Illegal Production, Sale and Use of Special Devices for Stealing Photos and "Pseudo-base Stations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") clearly prohibits natural persons, legal persons and other organizations from illegally producing, selling and using special devices for stealing photos. Miniature voice signal pick-up or recording equipment with the function of eavesdropping and stealing photos, miniature cameras and video cameras without normal viewfinder and playback display, etc., are special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos after being used in a disguised or hidden way and identified by the public security organs. According to Article 283 of China’s Criminal Law, anyone who illegally produces or sells special equipment for eavesdropping or stealing photos shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also or only be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined. If a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. According to the aforementioned Regulations, if the illegal production and sale of special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos does not constitute a crime, the relevant departments shall order it to stop production and sales and impose a fine of less than 30,000 yuan. In addition to the production and sale, according to the provisions of Article 284 of the Criminal Law, anyone who illegally uses special equipment for eavesdropping or stealing photos, thus causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　　For example, Wang and Li are husband and wife. Since 2017, Wang has rented warehouses and production workshops to assemble special equipment for eavesdropping and photo stealing, and is responsible for supervising production and delivery. Li is responsible for renting stores and in-store sales. During the operation period, Li sold cameras in the shape of sockets, smoke detectors and charging treasures to Zhang and others, and Zhang then sold them online at a higher price. In March 2019, the police found a large number of simulated shape cameras, semi-finished cameras and camera raw materials from Wang’s warehouse and production workshop. After inspection, lighters, charging treasures, watches, bracelets, stereos, glasses, USB flash drives, wall plugs, electronic clocks, pens, clothes hangers, charging heads, and cameras with plug-in shapes are all special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos. The court ruled that the actions of the defendants Wang and Li constituted the crime of illegally producing and selling special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos, and Zhang’s behavior constituted the crime of illegally selling special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos.

　　3 sneak shots of privacy are subject to administrative punishment and also bear civil liability.

　　Stealing the privacy of others is first suspected of violating the law and order. Article 42 of China’s Public Security Administration Punishment Law stipulates that anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for less than five days or fined for less than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined as follows by 500 yuan: voyeurism, candid camera shooting, eavesdropping and spreading others’ privacy. Although the above-mentioned laws clearly stipulate that it is illegal to peek and sneak shots of others’ privacy, some sneak shots in public places such as public toilets and subways are still banned repeatedly.

　　In addition to administrative punishment, sneak shots of privacy also need to bear civil liability. According to Article 110 of the Civil Code, the right to privacy is a civil right enjoyed by natural persons. Due to the characteristics of the right to privacy, tort generally manifests as infringement on the personal dignity of natural persons, which may cause mental damage. Article 1183 of the Civil Code stipulates that if serious mental damage is caused by infringement on the personal rights and interests of natural persons, the infringed person has the right to claim compensation for mental damage. Article 1 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Determining the Liability for Compensation for Spiritual Damage in Civil Tort stipulates that if the victim violates the public interest and social morality and infringes on the privacy or other personal interests of others, the court shall accept the case according to law if the victim files a lawsuit with the court for compensation for mental damage on the grounds of infringement.

　　Sun found that there was a miniature camera in the bathroom of the rented room, and then called the police. The owner Wang admitted the fact of installing and taking videos and photos. The police made an "Administrative Punishment Decision" and imposed administrative detention on Wang for 10 days and a fine. Sun appealed to the court to ask Wang to delete all videos and photos and compensate for mental losses. Wang argued that he had been punished by administration and should not be liable for civil compensation. The court held that citizens’ right to privacy was protected by law. Wang installed a camera in the bathroom without Sun’s consent, and secretly photographed his life, which seriously violated Sun’s legitimate rights and interests and should bear the corresponding tort liability. Therefore, the court supported Sun’s lawsuit. According to the relevant laws and regulations, if the infringer should bear administrative responsibility or criminal responsibility for the same act, it will not affect the tort liability according to law, so Wang’s defense opinion will not be adopted. Considering the degree of Wang’s fault, the means of infringement, the specific circumstances of the occasion, the consequences caused by infringement and other factors, although Sun did not provide relevant evidence of serious consequences, considering the internal mental damage caused to Sun, the court decided that Wang should compensate Sun for his mental loss of 20,000 yuan.

　　4 using sneak shots to gain profits is suspected of multiple crimes.

　　The downstream of the industrial chain of privacy sneak shots is a gray income zone. Because the privacy cost of sneak shots is low and the spread is convenient, criminals use the privacy videos of sneak shots to make profits and even commit crimes. Some sneak shots can even invite hundreds of people to watch online in real time through the APP, and the spread is not limited by time and region. Traffickers use the snooping psychology of some groups to promote personal privacy and sneak shots on online platforms such as QQ group, which not only harms the healthy network ecological space, but also is suspected of infringing citizens’ personal information. Making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene candid photos for the purpose of making profits is suspected to constitute the crime of making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene articles for profit. If the circumstances are serious, it is suspected to constitute the crime of spreading obscene articles without making profits. Privacy winners who use privacy to blackmail the photographed person are suspected of committing extortion.

　　Defendants Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Ge and others opened rooms in multi-site hotels separately or in groups for the purpose of illegal profit, and installed more than 10 cameras on the air-conditioning drainage pipes in the rooms privately to shoot the private videos of the guests, and sold the "invitation code" to the defendants Shen, Cui and Feng through the network. After increasing the price, they resold or sold them to others through the network for profit. After trial, the court held that the above-mentioned defendants, for the purpose of making profits, respectively constituted the crime of making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene articles for profit, and sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from one year to six months to eleven years and fined them, while recovering illegal income.

　　5 public places should bear tort liability for failing to fulfill their safety obligations.

　　Hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations, entertainment places and other public places have the obligation to ensure safety. According to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, consumers have the right to protect their personal and property safety when purchasing and using commodities and receiving services. Consumers have the right to demand that the goods and services provided by business operators meet the requirements of protecting personal and property safety. According to the Tort Liability Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), managers of hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations, entertainment places and other public places or organizers of mass activities who fail to fulfill their security obligations and cause damage to others shall bear tort liability. If the behavior of a third party causes damage to others, the third party shall bear the tort liability; If the manager or organizer fails to fulfill the obligation of safety guarantee, he shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Although the act of secretly photographing privacy is not directly made by public places such as hotels, the administrator’s failure to fulfill his security obligations leads to the internal act of secretly photographing, which brings privacy damage, unnecessary losses and mental damage to others and should bear tort liability.

　　A sports company is the operator of B fitness club, and Zhou is a paid member of the fitness club. When he was changing clothes in the locker room of the fitness club, Li sneaked a peek with his mobile phone. Zhou sued the court, demanding that A Sports Company compensate for its membership fee, loss of private education fee, lost time, transportation fee and spiritual comfort. At the trial of the case, A Sports Company argued that it had fulfilled its security obligations, on the grounds that after the incident, after Zhou reported to the police and informed the company, the employees of the company immediately closed all the entrances and exits for police investigation. The court held that according to Article 37 of the Tort Liability Law, as the manager of public places, A Sports Company’s security obligations should be reflected in the obligations of danger prevention, danger elimination and rescue after the damage. Closing the entrance and waiting for the police only fulfilled the obligation of rescue after the damage, and it failed to fulfill the obligation of danger prevention and danger elimination for Zhou’s being peeped and photographed, which led to Zhou’s damage. Because there was a third party’s infringement in this case, A Sports Company should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Regarding Zhou’s claim for mental damages, the court supported it in combination with the facts of the case, the security obligations of A Sports Company and the degree of fault. Because the case deals with the liability dispute of A Sports Company for violating the security obligation, the membership fee and private education fee belong to the contents of the contract agreed by both parties, which are not the same legal relationship with this case, so the lawsuit request will not be handled. Zhou’s claim for compensation for lost time and transportation expenses is also not supported.

　　So, how can we prevent personal privacy from being peeped? First of all, citizens and managers of public places should further improve their moral level and legal awareness, clarify the legal bottom line, avoid stepping on the legal red line, raise their awareness of protecting the privacy of others and individuals, report violations to relevant departments in time, and form a good social atmosphere of mutual respect and protection.

　　Secondly, individuals should improve their protection ability, choose regular hotels and homestays to stay, pay attention to self-privacy protection and screening of sneak shots, pay attention to checking whether there are sneak shots in public places and semi-private areas, and change the password of family monitors regularly to prevent private videos from leaking and spreading.

　　At the same time, public places should take active security measures, strengthen the security monitoring system and security patrol work, especially increase the investigation of electronic probes, prevent outsiders from installing eavesdropping devices, and conduct regular inspections of public places. Relevant departments should also strengthen the standardization of law enforcement, supervision and management, investigate and deal with the black industrial chain of privacy sneak shots, and carry out special rectification of the whole process of upstream theft, midstream transaction and downstream communication, and prohibit the commercialization of privacy with personal interests.

　　(Yang Hui Author: Beijing Shijingshan District People’s Court)

　　The 100-volume series of "A General Examination of the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents" will be published soon. This is the first time that Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) have been compiled together by photocopying, which will make the study of the early dissemination history of Marxism in China a big step forward qualitatively. The "translation" here refers to the works of Marx and Engels published separately in China, including monographs and their translated versions, selected letters and special collections; Second, it refers to the complete translations of Marx and Engels’ works in periodicals or newspapers in the form of serials and in other collections. A translation is different from a version, and the translation is based on the translator. The same translation may be printed by different publishers for many times, resulting in multiple versions. So, before 1949, how many Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works were there?

　　In 1899, Chinese learned the names of Marx and Engels. The titles, fragments and abridged translations of some works of Marx and Engels have appeared in many books, periodicals and newspapers in China. For example, Li Dazhao once translated several passages from Poverty of Philosophy, communist party Declaration and Das Kapital, and the English version of the communist party Declaration was published in the Japanese newspaper Tianyi, and the translator Min Ming also translated the first chapter of the communist party Declaration. However, due to the incomplete translation, readers can’t accurately understand Marx and Engels’ theoretical viewpoints, so this series has not included it as a translation. Mao Zedong once said: "Some people, such as Liang Qichao and Zhu Zhixin, once mentioned Marxism. It is said that there is someone who translated Engels’ The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science in a magazine. This man is Shi Renrong, who translated and published Engels’ book in the bimonthly New World in Shanghai in 1912, and then translated it as Ideal Socialism and Implementing Socialism. Shi Renrong’s translation is not a complete translation, which fails to translate several paragraphs at the end of the third part of the original work and a brief overview of the whole development process at last. At the same time, it is more accurate to call it "translation narration", including the translator’s own narrative elements, which do not strictly follow the narrative logic of Engels’ original works and have been deleted and added in content. Therefore, this series has not been included.

　　During the May 4th Movement, from May 9th to June 1st, 1919, Beijing Morning Post serialized Labor and Capital, which is now translated as Hired Labor and Capital, and the translator signed it. This is a work published by Marx in the New Rheinische Zeitung in 1849 and published separately in 1891. Because the translation is complete, it is called Hired Labor. In July 1921, before the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there were two Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works, namely, the Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration published by the Shanghai Institute of Socialism in August 1920, which was the first complete and separate Chinese translation of this classic work of Marx and Engels. Almost at the same time, Shanghai Qunyi Bookstore published Engels’ Zheng Cichuan translation of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development, which was then translated as Scientific Socialism.

Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration

　　After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), several versions appeared in China: Yuan Rang’s version of Wage Labor and Capital, published by Guangzhou People’s Publishing House in December 1921, was translated as Wage Labor and Capital; On May 15th, 1922, Xiong Deshan’s translation of Critique of the Gotha Program was published in No.4 (Marxt), Volume I of Beijing Today Magazine, which was translated as Critique of the Gotha Program. Li Ji’s translation of Wages, Prices and Profits was published by the Commercial Press in October 1922, and it was translated as Value Price and Profits. On April 10th, 1923, the translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published in New Era, Volume 1, No.1, Hunan Self-study University, and it was translated as Criticism Outside the Program of the German Labor Party. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science; Li’s English version was serialized in the supplement of Shanghai National Daily from February to March in 1925, and it was translated as Utopian and Scientific Socialism. Peng Xuepei’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was serialized in Xuedeng magazine, a supplement of Shanghai Current Affairs News, in May 1925, and translated as Critique of the Program of the German Labor Party. Li Chunfan’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published by Shanghai Liberation Series in August 1925, and it was translated as Critique of Gotha Program. The Zhu Jingwo version of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development was published by Shanghai Creation Society in May, 1925, and it was translated as the Development of Socialism. So far, there are 11 complete Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

　　After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was destroyed. However, the leaders of the Party and the United and progressive cultural workers continued to spread Marxism and compiled and published the classic works of Marx and Engels in the white terror environment. From 1927 to 1937, before the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the collected translations can be divided into the following categories:

　　The first category is that the works published by Marx and Engels were translated into Chinese, including Lu Yiyuan’s translation of The French-German Peasant Problem, which was published by Shanghai Far East Book Company in May 1928. Huang Siyue’s translation of "The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science" was published by Shanghai Taidong Bookstore in August, 1928, and it was translated as "Outline of Socialist Development". In May 1929, Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau published Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Wage, Price and Profit, Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Hired Labor and Capital, and Yin Zhu Society’s translation of the latter. The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State was translated by Ying Li Yang and published by Shanghai New Life Bookstore in June, 1929. Du Zhujun’s translation of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Shanghai Shuimo Bookstore in October, 1929. Peng Jiasheng’s translation of "The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy" was published by Shanghai Qiangshu Company in December 1929 and translated into Feuerbach. Liu Man’s translation of Criticism of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Lequn Bookstore in March, 1930, and it was translated as Economic Criticism. The translation of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in April 1930, and it was translated as Feuerbach and the End of Classical Philosophy. LouisThe 18th Foggy Moon of Bonaparte translated by Chen Zhongtao was published by Shanghai Nanqiang Bookstore in May, 1930, and it was translated as The Third Coup of Napoleon. Liu Jingyuan’s translation of German Revolution and Counter-Revolution was published by Shanghai New Life Publishing House in May 1930, and it was translated as Revolution and Counter-Revolution. Zou Zhongyin’s translation of "Speech on Free Trade" was published by Shanghai United Bookstore in August 1930 and translated as "Free Trade". Wu Liping’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in November 1930. Qian Tieru’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in December, 1930, and it was translated as Anti-Turin Theory. Hua Gang’s translation of the communist party Declaration was published by the Shanghai Chinese and Foreign Social Science Research Society in 1930, and it was translated as the Declaration. Guo Moruo’s translation of Critique of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in December 1931. The Xu Deheng version of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Beiping East Asia Bookstore in July 1932, and it was translated as The Poverty of Philosophy. Du Wei’s translation of Dialectics of Nature was the only complete translation before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in August 1932. The Qing Li version of The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Socialist Research Society in November 1932, and it was translated as Feuerbach. In 1932, there were two versions of Engels’ book German Peasant War, namely, Qian Yishi’s translation published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society, and Li Yixin’s translation published by Shanghai Lehua Book Company.The latter was translated as German Peasant War.

Lu Yiyuan’s Translation of the Franco-German Peasant Problem

Liu Man’s Translation of Critique of Political Economy

　　The second category is the translated version published separately, including the translation of Lu Yiyuan’s section of Dialectics of Nature, and the section of "The Role of Labor in the Transformation from Ape to Man" in Engels’ Dialectics of Nature, which was published by Shanghai Chunchao Bookstore in November 1928 and translated as "The Origin of Marxist Race". The translation of Dialectics of Nature into Song Festival was published by Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau in September, 1930, and it was translated as From Ape to Man. Guo Moruo’s translation of the Holy Family, in which the contents of the fifth and eighth chapters are abridged, was published by the Tokyo Literature and Art Society in May 1936, and its translation was called Authenticity of Works of Art.. Marx’s masterpiece Das Kapital has not yet had a complete translation in this period, and even the first volume was completed in the form of abridged translation and relay. Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I, Volume I) was first translated by Chen Qixiu and published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in March 1930, while Volume I, Volume II and Volume III were translated by Pan Dongzhou, respectively. In September 1932, Das Kapital (the first volume) was translated into Chinese by Wang Shenming and Hou Wailu, and published by Beijing International Society. Four years later, the second volume and the middle volume were published by the World Famous Works Translation Society. The two translators were named Yu Shu and You Ming respectively. According to the naming rules, the former is called Wang Shenming’s translation and Hou Wailu’s translation, while the latter must be called Yu Shu and You Ming’s translation. In addition, Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I)The translations of Wu Bannong and Qianjiaju were published by the Commercial Press in May 1934, and have not been translated since then.

　　The third category is the translations included in other collections. In October 1929, the book Religion, Philosophy and Socialism compiled by Lin Chaozhen was published by Shanghai Hubin Bookstore, which included Engels’ two works, The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science and The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy. It can be called Lin Chaozhen’s translation, which was then translated into Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. In February, 1930, the Shanghai Social Science Research Association published Selected Translations of Marx’s Papers compiled by Li Yimang, which included Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital, which can be called Li Yimang’s translation, and translated into Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital. In March 1930, the book The Basis of Marxism published by Shanghai Social Science Research Society included Engels’ Principles of Communism and Wage Labor and Capital, namely Pan Hongwen’s translation. In addition, The Critique of Materialism of Mechanism, published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in May, 1932, completely included The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy, which can be called the translation of Yang Dongkui and Ning Dunwu. So far, the number of Chinese versions has reached 49.

Critique of Materialism of Mechanism: Yang Dongchong’s and Ning Dunwu’s Translation

　　From the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the number of translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China continued to increase, and Yan ‘an became the publishing center of Marxist classics. During this period, there was a compilation of Marx and Engels’ expositions on China, and a translation of Fang Naiyi by Wuhan China Publishing House in March 1938, entitled "Ma En on China"; In addition, in November 1938, Yang Kezhai’s translation of Zhulin Bookstore in Shanghai was entitled "Comments on China". There are also excerpted versions of the discourses on literature and art in Marx and Engels’ works, such as Yi Yi’s translation entitled "On the Art of Science" by Shanghai Reading Publishing House in October 1940 and Ouyang Fanhai’s translation entitled "On the Literature of Marx and Engels" by Reading Life Publishing House in November 1939. In December 1939, Yan ‘an Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine published the translation of Selected Works of Engels’ Military Papers (Volume I), and its subsequent volumes were published after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In 1940, Engels’ literature on the British Workers’ Movement was compiled by Wu Wentao and published in China Workers’ Society in Yan ‘an, with the title "The British Workers’ Movement".　

　　During this period, China also compiled five kinds of anthologies of Marx and Engels’ letters, namely, Guo Dali’s translation of Capital Correspondence Collection in April 1939, Ke Bainian’s and Ai Siqi’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in June 1939, Lin Chaozhen’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in May 1947, and Letter to Dr. Gugeman in April 1948.

　　During this period, three volumes of Das Kapital were published in full translation, namely, Guo Dali’s and Wang Yanan’s translations, which were published continuously by Reading Life Publishing House from August to September, 1938. In 1940, Guo Dali’s and Peng Dixian’s versions of Addendum and Corrigendum to Das Kapital were also published. Related to this, the three-volume Theory of Surplus Value, known as the fourth volume of Das Kapital, also published Guo Dali’s translation in May 1949. In order to deeply study Marx’s viewpoints in Das Kapital, China has also compiled and published a series of articles on Engels’ interpretation of the book, including two versions of Engels’ On Das Kapital published in January 1939, translated by Zhang Hanfu and Xu Dixin, and translated by He Xilin published in August 1939.　

　　During this period, there were two versions of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science that were not signed by the translator, which could be called the anonymous version of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science. The other one was published by Hankou Xinhan Publishing House in April, 1938, and it was translated as "From Utopian Socialism to Scientific Socialism". These two versions can only be distinguished according to the publishing unit. There is also an anonymous translation of the Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State, which was published by Minghua Publishing House in June 1938 and translated into the Origin of Family, Private Property and State.

　　During this period, there are also Chinese translations of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy, which were translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1937 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science was translated by Wu Liping in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The communist party Declaration was translated by Cheng Fangwu and Bing Xu in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Moscow in 1943. Wages, Prices and Profits were translated westward in 1938 and translated by Wang Xuewen in 1939. Guo Moruo’s translation of German Ideology in 1938 and Kirsch’s translation in 1941; The French Civil War was translated by Wu Liping and Liu Yun in 1938 and Guo He in 1939. On the Jewish Problem, translated by Guo He in 1939; Wang Xuewen’s translation of wage labor and capital in 1939 and Shen Zhiyuan’s translation in 1939; German Revolution and Counter-Revolution, 1939 translated by Wang Shiwei and Ke Bainian; Critique of the Gotha Program: He Sijing and Bing Xu’s translation in 1939; The 18th Fog Moon in louis bonaparte, a 1940 translation by Robert Coburn; The role of violence in history, Cao Ting’s translation in 1940; Family, Private Ownership and the Origin of the State translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1941; Cao Ting’s translation of the Franco-Prussian War in 1941; The Class Struggle in France, a 1942 edition by Robert Copernicus; Dialectics of Nature translated by Yu Guangyuan and Cao Baohua in 1948; Lin Ruo’s 1949 translation of Principles of Communism;The Poverty of Philosophy translated by He Sijing in 1949, and so on. Chen Shoushi’s translation of the communist party Declaration is included in the appendix of Comparative Economic System, and the publication time is unknown, which belongs to the translation before 1949. In addition, Liu Man’s translation of Marx’s Speech on Free Trade and Guo Moruo’s translation are included in the appendix of Critique of Political Economy respectively. Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), there were 98 Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

Guo Dali and Wang Yanan’s Translation of Das Kapital

　　In the process of editing the 100-volume series, we corrected the inaccuracies in the previous materials according to the originals, photos and textual research methods. Due to the limitation of the publishing scale of the series, the 100-volume series failed to fully include all the translations before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and some translations were not collected due to the age, which still needs further textual research.

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

　　Author: Wang Zhanyi, former vice president of Inner Mongolia Branch of Xinhua News Agency