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　　Editor’s words

　　As the saying goes, "the old roots of trees wither first, and the old feet of people decay first." Keep your feet healthy first, and keep your feet forever. " The weather is getting colder and colder. Foot massage can not only dispel the cold and warm the body, but also has the health care effect of strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil spirits, and it is also effective in the treatment of some diseases. Foot massage in traditional Chinese medicine is mainly divided into three parts: foot bath, foot massage and scraping. As long as these methods are used reasonably, health can be easily maintained at home.

　　

　　Foot bath nourishes the essence, and adding "materials" is better.

　　"Wash your feet in spring, and the sun rises and takes off; Washing feet in summer can dispel summer dampness; Wash your feet in autumn, moisten your lungs and intestines; Washing feet in winter, Dantian is warm. " Traditional Chinese medicine believes that feet are the root of human essence, and the shape of feet, the strength of muscles and the flexibility of joints all reflect the operation of human qi and blood. According to the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, there are many important acupoints in the foot to treat diseases and preserve health. Stimulating these acupoints through the warm effect of foot bath can promote blood circulation, regulate viscera, balance yin and yang, dredge meridians, delay aging, eliminate diseases and prolong life.　

　　The founder of the Qing dynasty’s external treatment method wrote in the theory parallel prose: "the principle of external treatment is the principle of internal treatment, and the medicine for external use is the medicine for internal use." It can be seen that adding some Chinese herbal medicines to foot bath can make the drug effect enter the blood through the infiltration of the skin, and with the blood running, the drug will reach the focus, which is convenient, safe and effective to regulate the disease. Here are two commonly used foot bath prescriptions for different diseases.　

　　1. Damp-removing and itching-relieving foot bath prescription. Take 10 grams of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Kochia scoparia, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Atractylodis and Poria, add appropriate amount of water, decoct for 20 minutes, and soak your feet when the temperature is about 45℃. It has the effect of eliminating dampness and relieving itching, and is suitable for those with damp-heat accumulation and itchy skin.　

　　2. Huoxue Quyu Foot Bath Prescription. Take 30 grams of Spatholobus suberectus, 30 grams of Sinomenium, 15 grams of Ramulus Cinnamomi, 15 grams of Radix Paeoniae Rubra, 15 grams of Carthami Flos, 10 grams of Radix Aconiti Preparata and 10 grams of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, add appropriate amount of water, decoct for 20 minutes, and soak your feet when the temperature is about 45℃. It has the effects of warming channels, dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals and relieving pain, and can be used to treat skin numbness, local skin dryness, limb pain, dizziness and shortness of breath.　

　　When soaking feet, it is best to use a deep wooden bucket or enamel basin with a large enough bottom, so that your feet can be comfortably placed flat. Soak your feet in water at 40 ~ 50℃ for about 30 minutes each time. Dry immediately after foot bath and put on warm clothes to prevent catching cold.　

　　Although soaking feet is good, it is not suitable for everyone, such as patients with severe hemorrhagic diseases and people with ulcers or inflammation in their feet. In addition, it is easy to get dizzy when soaking feet when you are too full or too hungry; It is not advisable to soak your feet within half an hour after a meal, so as not to affect digestion; People with severe heart disease and low blood pressure should be careful of syncope when soaking their feet; Diabetic patients should prevent burns; Foot bath for the elderly should not be too long. Just soak your feet for 20 minutes before going to bed. Too long can easily lead to palpitation, sweating and other symptoms. ▲

　　Zhongxin. com Taiyuan, January 13th (Fan Lifang) Eleven blind people, after 10 years of follow-up, Yani, the hostess of Zhejiang Satellite TV, came to Taiyuan on the afternoon of 13th with the movie "No Eyes" that has not been aired, and shared her story with the blind people in the mountains of Zuo Quan, Shanxi.

　　According to legend, during World War II, in the depths of Taihang Mountain in the west, there was a special intelligence team serving China’s anti-Japanese army. All of them were blind, but Taihang Mountain people called them blind people. "At that time, I was filming another movie in Zuo Quan. As soon as I left the village, I met this group of people. The locals told me that they were blind, single and the Eighth Route Army." Yani told the story at the scene.

　　After hearing these three key words, Yani, a former media person, decided to follow the life of this group of blind propaganda teams in Zuo Quan. During this time, she lived in Taihang Mountain with these blind people, and once borrowed money everywhere and sold real estate. "If I don’t record them, they will disappear, with their lives and these intangible skills, those singing and singing, those living stories …"

　　During the filming process, with the death of the blind people who have become friends, Yani became more and more determined about what she did. In pursuit of art, she spared no effort to record the life tracks of these "blind people" little by little, and finally got today’s "Blind People" movie.

　　Wang Zhongwen, an academic member of China Art Critics’ Annual Meeting and executive director of Shangshang Art Museum, was invited to attend the media meeting of the film "No Eyes". He commented, "This documentary feature film appeared as a new art form for the first time, and the people and things it recorded are irreversible, which deserves to be discussed by the literary and art circles." Cui Yongyuan has also publicly commented on what Yani has done "reaching to the heart" on the online platform.

　　Yani’s persistent spirit made more than 100 people present all moved. In the film, there were no eyes, no desires, no hidden happiness and open-mindedness, which made the fans understand why Yani insisted on filming after ten years of hardships. On the same day, Yani also signed "No Eyes" and "Daughter Yani" at the Guangdu Life Museum of Vanke City in Taiyuan. (End)

　　□ Reporter Zhao Li Majia

　　"If you put it in the morning and pick it up in the morning, you will jump out of an interface and say that you will charge 1 yuan." Recently, Zhang Kai, the owner of a residential area in Gaobeidian, Beijing, took out his mobile phone and scanned the QR code on the express cabinet, and found that the express cabinet that had been stored for more than 24 hours before it began to charge had "quietly changed".

　　In fact, there are less than two months before the annual "double 11", and the signs of express price increase have begun to appear. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, two private express delivery giants, Zhongtong and Yunda, issued notices one after another, saying that they would raise the express delivery fee in some areas. What makes "hands-chopping people" unable to sit still is that the express cabinet in charge of "the last mile" seems to have started charging recently. In the face of the public’s concern that express cabinets are forced to charge, the reporter conducted a survey.

　　The overtime charging standards of express cabinets are different.

　　During the Mid-Autumn Festival, ZTO Express issued a notice: Starting from October 1, 2018, the express delivery fee adjustment mechanism will be started, and the express delivery fee from the whole country to Shanghai will be adjusted. The specific fee adjustment range will be implemented by local service outlets according to the guidance and suggestions of the headquarters and their actual conditions.

　　Soon after, Yunda also said that in order to alleviate the delivery pressure, the delivery fee for express mail arriving in Shanghai at all outlets in the country will be raised to 0.5 yuan/piece, and the adjustment time for other regions will be informed separately.

　　It should be noted that the two express delivery companies raised the "delivery fee", that is, the fee that the delivery outlets have to pay to the delivery outlets, not the fee paid by consumers to send express delivery, and whether the price increase is in the hands of the outlets.

　　In addition to the price increase that express delivery may face, what has recently upset hands-chopping people is the charge for express delivery cabinets. Not long ago, Mr. Liang in Beijing found that the "HIVE BOX" downstairs had to "charge".

　　According to him, in the past, HIVE BOX would only jump out of the QR code of "reward" after the courier stayed for 24 hours, but now it will jump out after being stored for 8 hours. Previously, it was clearly a "reward-seeking" page. At first glance, I knew that I didn’t have to pay, but now it has become a payment page.

　　"Because there were a lot of express delivery in the past two days, I didn’t look carefully. When I jumped out for the first time, I scanned the code and paid 1 yuan." When I took the second courier, Mr. Liang discovered that there was a line of small words at the bottom of the payment interface, "Like HIVE BOX, get it for free", "Actually and before ‘ Seek a reward ’ The same, but more guide users to pay, the experience is not friendly. "

　　From the information on the Internet, users in Hangzhou, Jiangsu and other places have recently discovered that express cabinets that could have been stored for a few days for free have started to charge, and the prices are mostly from 0.5 yuan/day to 1 yuan/day.

　　"Some express cabinets have not been picked up for 24 hours, and they have to pay 1 yuan to pick up the pieces." Zhang Kai often buys online and is busy at work on weekdays. Many couriers put his express in the express cabinet. Sometimes I forget to take out the courier in time, so I have to pay the "overtime fee". "Rationally, I can accept the overtime fee. After all, occupying the grid takes up resources. However, it is a bit unacceptable emotionally, and I feel that consumers should not be allowed to bear the cost of express cabinets. "

　　So, do all brands of express cabinets charge? The reporter’s investigation found that the charging standards of various express cabinets are different.

　　Zhang Kai told the reporter that there is a row of express cabinets downstairs in a high-rise residential building in Gaobeidian where he lives. Many owners will ask the courier to temporarily store things in the express cabinets and come back to pick them up after work. "It turns out that there is no charge within 24 hours, and it will only be charged after more than 24 hours." "After the owner who came home from work to pick up the express recently scanned the code, he found that the express that had only been left for 6 hours actually showed overtime, and 1 yuan was charged."

　　In the survey, many people interviewed told reporters that Express Delivery, cloud cabinets and mail boxes in their communities all charge a service fee of one day in 1 yuan. However, the charging standards of many express cabinets are not uniform. The fees are concentrated in two standards: one day in 0.5 yuan and one day in 1 yuan, and the overtime standard is shortened from 24 hours and 12 hours to 6 hours.

　　"Now more and more express cabinets require that they can only be put for 6 hours for free, and even if they don’t work, how can they get the express delivery in time?" Zhang Kai said, "No one will quarrel with the courier for this one dollar, but if the standard changes, can you let me know in advance? Sometimes there is someone at home, and the courier has to put it in the courier cabinet for you."

　　Is it forced or compulsory consumption?

　　In the survey, forced charging is also the focus of many interviewees’ voicing. Many people report that the courier stores the courier in the courier cabinet without authorization.

　　"Every time it is almost overtime, I received a text message saying that it has exceeded the storage time, and I will charge if I don’t pick it up. I don’t know that there is a courier in the courier cabinet in advance." Xie Han, who lives in Wangjing, Beijing, told reporters that it is not once or twice for some couriers to put things in the express cabinet without calling or texting.

　　Courier Xiao Qin told reporters that the use of express cabinets is also to improve efficiency.

　　"Many people may not know that the courier cabinet actually charges the courier. The bigger the volume, the more fees will be charged, and small pieces can also be stored in the courier cabinet. The storage cost of large pieces is too high, so we will still deliver them to your door. " Xiao Qin said.

　　In the survey, many interviewees also expressed dissatisfaction with the courier’s behavior of storing the courier without saying hello. Netizen @ 中中中中 said that every time I write the address of the company, almost every time the courier is sent to the courier cabinet. "Sometimes I am at home on weekends, I write my home address, or I am put in the courier cabinet, and I have to run down to get it."

　　"If you don’t deliver the goods to your door, why don’t you say it? If you don’t say it, put it in the express cabinet, and you have to pay for it yourself later." Xie Han told reporters indignantly, "This is a strong buying and selling.".

　　Netizen @nice-xing said that the courier fee includes door-to-door delivery. "It is a robber’s behavior to let customers pay for the courier cabinet in order to save trouble."

　　It is understood that HIVE BOX Express Cabinet recently replied in the official Weibo about the charges for express cabinets: "When picking up the pieces, you can take the initiative to choose ‘ Free pickup ’ Or ‘ Scan the code to reward ’ , not mandatory. "

　　But consumers also have something to say about it. Zhang Kai said that when he put it in the morning, he immediately picked it up after receiving the text message from the express cabinet, but he jumped out of the interface and said that it had been stored for several hours and minutes, charging 1 yuan. "If you don’t pay 1 yuan, you will have to scan the code and like it, and several interfaces will pop up in a row, which is very troublesome."

　　"During the day, the elderly are basically at home. I don’t know which button to click. When I come back from work, it will be overtime." Xie Han said that there are many neighbors in the building where he lives.

　　Many interviewees said that their time is also very precious, and the pages such as praise are refreshed over and over again. It is better to take a dollar and hurry to take things and leave. Netizen @Agoni- Liangbo said that he asked the courier why he didn’t send it to the door. "The courier said that there are thousands of households in this community, and every family can’t be exhausted when they send it to the door."

　　In this regard, the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery", which came into effect on May 1, 2018, clearly stipulates that enterprises engaged in express delivery business should deliver express mail to the agreed delivery address, the recipient or the agent designated by the recipient, and inform the recipient or the agent to accept it in person. The consignee or agent has the right to face-to-face acceptance.

　　In other words, if the courier leaves the courier in the courier cabinet, he needs to get the consent of the recipient first.

　　In this regard, a courier said that express delivery often bursts, and all of them can’t be delivered to the door. It is also a last resort to put some of them in the express cabinet.

　　Does the express cabinet belong to the delivery process?

　　Is the courier cabinet part of the delivery process?

　　This is a question raised by many people in the interview.

　　"If it is part of the delivery process, then I think this fee should be settled by the courier company and the company to which the cabinet belongs, because I have paid the courier fee." Zhang Kai put forward such a question to reporters. If it is not part of the delivery process, then there will be a second question: Does the express cabinet serve the express company or the customer?

　　According to Zhang Kai’s understanding, if the courier cabinet serves the courier company in order to reduce the workload for the courier, then why should this fee be settled with the end customer? "That is, I spent the courier fee on shopping, so why should I pay for the courier cabinet if you don’t deliver it to my door or deliver it to the designated location according to my requirements? I don’t have permission, and you ask me for money because of any business activities with the express cabinet? If I agree to put the express cabinet, do I need to determine a mutually acceptable price first? In addition, does the courier cabinet need to take the responsibility of replacing me for inspection? These two points are clear. The end customer takes the initiative to form a contractual relationship with the courier cabinet, so I think the customer needs to pay for this service. "

　　Xie Han, who once had a dispute with a brand express cabinet, revealed to reporters that the explanation given by the express cabinet afterwards was that there was a problem with the use of the express cabinet, and the responsibility was on the express company. "But the express company asked me to find the express cabinet company and kick the ball. Later, my number was added to the blacklist of the express cabinet of this brand, but the express can still throw my express into the cabinet. There must be a problem in supervision."

　　However, for the express cabinet, the courier seems to have a hard time.

　　"We have to pay for these express cabinets." For the blame of netizens, Master Zhang, who is engaged in the express delivery industry in Majiapu, Beijing, is also a little wronged. According to him, at present, in addition to the rookie smart cabinets, mainstream smart express cabinets on the market, such as E-mail cabinets, HIVE BOX, Express Easy, Neighbourhood Bao and Gege Community, charge couriers when they submit articles.

　　"Express cabinets in HIVE BOX will charge me from 0.2 yuan to 0.4 yuan every time according to three types of cabinets. E-mail cabinets charge 0.2 yuan every time regardless of the size of the space. " Every month, Master Zhang said that his company would directly add more 200 yuan money to his salary card as a subsidy for the use of express cabinets.

　　Like the logic of express price increase, behind the express cabinet’s attempt to change from free to charge, it is also the pressure of sustained losses.

　　As of May 2018, HIVE BOX Technology’s operating income was 288 million yuan and its net profit was-249 million yuan; The net profit of express parent company Chengdu Santai Holdings in 2016 was-1.25 billion yuan, down 5,278.9% year-on-year; The net loss of the rookie station in 2017 reached 290 million yuan, and its net loss in the first quarter of 2018 was 114 million yuan.

　　Why does the express cabinet business with strong demand suffer serious losses? Cao Lei, director of China E-commerce Research Center, believes that the express cabinet needs huge investment as hardware. In addition to high operating costs, the unclear profit model of express cabinets also led to losses. As a result, the free express cabinet for users began to try to charge a certain amount of usage fees. At the same time, courier companies are still trying to advertise and conduct e-commerce to realize traffic and increase profitability.

　　In this regard, Cao Lei believes that the realization of express cabinet advertisements is limited, and the prospect of realizing traffic has not been confirmed. "The essence of the express cabinet is the logistics service experience, followed by the flow. The essence should be to enhance the consumer experience through its logistics attributes, which is fundamental."

　　Cartography/Li Xiaojun　　

　　CCTV News:At 20 o’clock on August 9, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province held the eighth press conference on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. As of 18 o’clock on August 9, there were 3 new asymptomatic infected people in Zhengzhou City, and 35 cases of the original asymptomatic infected people were confirmed; Since July 30th, Zhengzhou has reported a total of 116 local confirmed cases and 12 asymptomatic infected persons. Up to now, Zhengzhou has opened 196 isolation points, with a total of 15,855 people isolated.

　　In the third round, 8,341,900 people have been tested for total nucleic acid detection.

　　In addition, it was also introduced at the press conference that as of 18: 00 on August 9, the third round of all-staff nucleic acid testing in Zhengzhou basically ended, with a total of 12,046,100 people sampled and 8,341,900 people tested. While the third round of all-staff nucleic acid testing in Zhengzhou City is under intense pressure, the inspectors in the laboratory are also working around the clock, working overtime to do the testing work.

　　Different from other laboratories, the Microbiological Laboratory Department of Zhengzhou CDC is mainly responsible for the identification of rechecked samples in the whole city. That is to say, after the mixed sample results come out, if there is any abnormality, it is necessary to sample the sample again, and these single samples will be sent here.

　　Because the test results are directly related to the diagnosis of cases, the development of prevention and control measures, etc., since July 30, this laboratory machine has been working day and night, and the inspectors take turns to go into battle. Every day, it is in a high-intensity working state, with an average of only three to five hours of rest a day. 　

　　According to the regulations, the whole inspection process includes not only specimen collection and transportation, but also acceptance and entry, nucleic acid extraction, reagent preparation and other links. Inspection is of great importance and must be carried out in strict accordance with the process.

　　Open up a green channel to facilitate sampling and detection of special people

　　In the third round of all-staff nucleic acid testing, which started on August 8th, Zhengzhou has also opened up a green channel for the convenience of some special people, and can directly accept nucleic acid sampling without waiting in line.

　　At the sampling point of nucleic acid detection at No.2 Small, Weiwu Road, Huayuan Road Street, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, the reporter saw that the citizens were queuing up in an orderly manner according to the guidance of the staff. It is understood that during the third round of nucleic acid testing, every sampling point in Zhengzhou has specially opened a green channel for special groups such as the elderly and the disabled, and can be directly tested without waiting in line.

　　In addition, every sampling point in Zhengzhou has set up a temporary party branch, and party member cadres and volunteers are on duty day and night.

Can you rest assured that you can buy an electric car after the implementation of the new national standard? Don’t be naive, there are so many business routines that you have to be fooled.

After the implementation of the new national standard for electric vehicles, many inferior and miscellaneous cars in the electric vehicle market have also been eliminated. Consumers are indeed more assured when buying a car than before, but this does not mean that you will not be fooled by the routines of merchants.

Therefore, friends who have plans to buy electric cars in the near future, today’s business routines must be collected.

What about cruising range?

When buying an electric car, everyone is most concerned about the cruising range.

Let’s talk about electric bicycles first.

Because the new national standard limits the vehicle weight, motor power and battery voltage, the endurance level of electric bicycles is generally limited. If someone tells you that his electric bicycles not only meet the new national standard, but also can achieve a cruising range of more than 60km, then you have reason to suspect that he is a liar.

Very "metaphysical" boost cruising range

Of course, this cruising range also has doorways. For example, in order to highlight the characteristics of long cruising range, some merchants have created a "power-assisted mode with a cruising range of up to 120km". In fact, this is a very "metaphysical" cruising range. After all, the distribution ratio of pedal drive and motor drive varies from person to person. If my foot strength is relatively large, it is not impossible for my cruising range to rush 200km.

Let’s talk about the new national standard electric motorcycle. The cruising range of electric motorcycles is basically the same as that of the so-called "luxury" electric vehicles.

Here can provide a reference for everyone. Generally speaking, the cruising range of 48V12Ah battery is about 30Km, 48V20Ah is about 40Km, 60V20Ah is about 55Km, and 60V30Ah is about 75Km.

Of course, these values are only approximate. If the car body is lighter or uses a lighter lithium battery pack, and the driving habits are better, the endurance will increase accordingly. If the weather is cold or the vehicle load is heavy, the endurance level will be reduced.

If the merchant tells you something like 300 miles on a single charge when introducing the model, your daily use will not achieve 100% publicity effect.

Lost car package?

In order to attract consumers, some brands have launched the lost car compensation service, which is quite attractive to many users. After all, it is difficult to find the stolen vehicle even if the electric car is stolen.

However, the vast majority of lost car compensation services are subject to strict conditions. For example, when buying a car, you need to buy corresponding insurance services. If the car is stolen, users need to provide the manufacturer with information such as car purchase vouchers, invoices, and receipt of cases. The materials are complicated.

Finally, you will deduct a high depreciation expense according to the length of time you buy a car, so it is just a gimmick to lose your car, not to say that if you lose your car, the manufacturer will compensate you for a new car.

Of course, there are many big brands in China that have done a relatively complete job in the insurance of electric vehicles, such as big-name manufacturers such as Yadea, but many small and medium-sized brands have not done a perfect job in this area, so even if users need to buy similar services, it is safer to choose big-name manufacturers.

Trade in the old for the new, be careful of being cheated.

Many brands often launch trade-in activities when promoting sales, and some brands even put up the slogan of "Discounting old cars in 1000 yuan" to attract consumers. However, there are so many tricks to trade in the old ones that consumers are fooled if they are not careful.

The price of cars drops and rises.

The simple truth is that the new car is priced at 3,000 yuan, and the old car can arrive in 1000 yuan, but in fact, the market price of the new car is only 2,200 yuan before the activity starts, which is equivalent to the consumer’s old electric car only deducting 200 yuan. The merchant not only sold an electric car at the original price, but also picked up an old electric car at the cabbage price. Whether the old car is dismantled and recycled or used again, the merchant can make a fortune from it.

Underestimation of used cars

The average consumer doesn’t know how much the old electric car can sell, so it’s basically what the merchant says can be deducted. Although it is said in the advertisement that 1000 yuan will be deducted, this is only the most. It is good that ordinary used car dealers are willing to deduct 300 yuan, but how much difference can businesses earn from used car recycling? It depends on the model, but the business must make a profit.

substitute shoddy goods for good cargo

Trade-in models are often unpopular or small and medium-sized brand models. Hot-selling models rarely launch similar activities. On the one hand, this will help to revitalize the backlog of inventory, and on the other hand, manufacturers of convenient unpopular and small and medium-sized brand models will provide dealers with certain shipping discounts, which can further reduce the cost of business activities.

You mean electric motorcycle or electric motorcycle?

The performance of electric bicycles in the new national standard is relatively weak, so some consumers turn to electric motorcycles. However, the electric motorcycle market is also chaotic now, and many dealers are doing the business of "exceeding the standard car" under the banner of electric motorcycle. Therefore, if the dealer wants to prove that he sells electric motorcycles, he must produce evidence.

Here, you can use the following three methods to judge whether the seller sells a real electric motorcycle.

3C certification: Without 3C certification, it must be a fake electric motorcycle.

china compulsory certification

Inquiry of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: No fake electric motorcycle can be found.

What can be found on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is real electric motorcycles.

Certificate of conformity and certificate of conformity: No, it must be a fake electric motorcycle.

Don’t listen to the merchants’ propaganda that you can ride the traffic police casually on the road, no matter no one checks it. Once you are found, the merchants will not care about you.

Write it at the end

After the implementation of the new national standard, the compulsory certification of products and the strengthening of market supervision by various departments have also made many profiteers afraid to play routines casually. In addition, major electric vehicle brands are more concerned about their own market image, and consumers’ behaviors of such routines are also less and less. I hope that we will not be bothered by the routine of car purchase and after-sales, and I hope that everyone can travel safely.

　　A couple recently stayed in a hotel and were photographed for 8 hours, and tens of thousands of private videos were sold online. The industrial chain of sneak shots and selling personal privacy was thus exposed. From the production, manufacture and sale of candid equipment to the dissemination of candid videos, the black industrial chain is frightening. Hotels, homestays, rented rooms, fitting rooms, toilets, etc. have become prone to sneak shots. Privacy is no small matter, and dignity is damaged and may even endanger life. So, what is privacy? How to pursue responsibility for stealing others’ privacy? How can we block the eyes of voyeurs?

　　1 Civil Code defines the right to privacy for the first time

　　What is privacy? The Civil Code officially implemented this year stipulates for the first time that privacy refers to the quiet private life of natural persons and the private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know, which is characterized by "privacy". The right to privacy of natural persons is a kind of private right relative to the public interest, which is not infringed by others. Privacy is a kind of personality right. Article 38 of China’s Constitution stipulates: "The personal dignity of People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens is inviolable." The civil code has set up a special chapter in the fourth part of personality rights, which stipulates "the right to privacy and the protection of personal information". It can be said that this clause is the embodiment of the constitution’s protection of citizens’ personal dignity. Among them, Article 1032 stipulates that natural persons have the right to privacy, and no organization or individual may infringe upon others’ right to privacy by spying, harassing, revealing or making public.

　　With regard to the regulation of acts that infringe upon the privacy of natural persons, Article 1033 of the Civil Code clearly lists the specific acts that prohibit the infringement of others’ privacy. Unless otherwise stipulated by law or expressly agreed by the obligee, no organization or individual may commit the following acts: disturbing the private life of others by telephone, SMS, instant messaging tools, e-mail, leaflets, etc. Entering, photographing and peeping into other people’s private spaces such as houses and hotel rooms; Shooting, peeping, eavesdropping and disclosing other people’s private activities; Shooting and peeking at private parts of other people’s bodies; Handling other people’s private information; Infringe on the privacy of others in other ways.

　　The reason why sneak shots can become an "industry" is, to some extent, because sales privacy can make a profit. Some media reporters exposed, and tens of thousands of privacy videos were secretly photographed and publicly sold on the Internet. The price of a video ranged from 20 yuan to several hundred yuan. According to the degree of privacy exposure, buyers can also resell it at a higher price. Stealing photos of privacy has formed a complete black industrial chain. The upstream is responsible for collecting, stealing and sorting out personal privacy, the middle is responsible for buying and selling personal privacy, and the downstream is responsible for making profits from precision crimes or realizing other gray benefits. What is clear is that it is illegal to sell the privacy of candid photos from upstream to downstream.

　　Illegal production and sale of eavesdropping and photo stealing equipment may be investigated for criminal responsibility.

　　Stealing privacy often requires only a very cheap pinhole camera. For these eavesdropping and photo stealing devices, the Provisions on Prohibiting the Illegal Production, Sale and Use of Special Devices for Stealing Photos and "Pseudo-base Stations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") clearly prohibits natural persons, legal persons and other organizations from illegally producing, selling and using special devices for stealing photos. Miniature voice signal pick-up or recording equipment with the function of eavesdropping and stealing photos, miniature cameras and video cameras without normal viewfinder and playback display, etc., are special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos after being used in a disguised or hidden way and identified by the public security organs. According to Article 283 of China’s Criminal Law, anyone who illegally produces or sells special equipment for eavesdropping or stealing photos shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall also or only be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined. If a unit commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, it shall be fined, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. According to the aforementioned Regulations, if the illegal production and sale of special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos does not constitute a crime, the relevant departments shall order it to stop production and sales and impose a fine of less than 30,000 yuan. In addition to the production and sale, according to the provisions of Article 284 of the Criminal Law, anyone who illegally uses special equipment for eavesdropping or stealing photos, thus causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

　　For example, Wang and Li are husband and wife. Since 2017, Wang has rented warehouses and production workshops to assemble special equipment for eavesdropping and photo stealing, and is responsible for supervising production and delivery. Li is responsible for renting stores and in-store sales. During the operation period, Li sold cameras in the shape of sockets, smoke detectors and charging treasures to Zhang and others, and Zhang then sold them online at a higher price. In March 2019, the police found a large number of simulated shape cameras, semi-finished cameras and camera raw materials from Wang’s warehouse and production workshop. After inspection, lighters, charging treasures, watches, bracelets, stereos, glasses, USB flash drives, wall plugs, electronic clocks, pens, clothes hangers, charging heads, and cameras with plug-in shapes are all special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos. The court ruled that the actions of the defendants Wang and Li constituted the crime of illegally producing and selling special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos, and Zhang’s behavior constituted the crime of illegally selling special equipment for eavesdropping and stealing photos.

　　3 sneak shots of privacy are subject to administrative punishment and also bear civil liability.

　　Stealing the privacy of others is first suspected of violating the law and order. Article 42 of China’s Public Security Administration Punishment Law stipulates that anyone who commits one of the following acts shall be detained for less than five days or fined for less than 500 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined as follows by 500 yuan: voyeurism, candid camera shooting, eavesdropping and spreading others’ privacy. Although the above-mentioned laws clearly stipulate that it is illegal to peek and sneak shots of others’ privacy, some sneak shots in public places such as public toilets and subways are still banned repeatedly.

　　In addition to administrative punishment, sneak shots of privacy also need to bear civil liability. According to Article 110 of the Civil Code, the right to privacy is a civil right enjoyed by natural persons. Due to the characteristics of the right to privacy, tort generally manifests as infringement on the personal dignity of natural persons, which may cause mental damage. Article 1183 of the Civil Code stipulates that if serious mental damage is caused by infringement on the personal rights and interests of natural persons, the infringed person has the right to claim compensation for mental damage. Article 1 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Determining the Liability for Compensation for Spiritual Damage in Civil Tort stipulates that if the victim violates the public interest and social morality and infringes on the privacy or other personal interests of others, the court shall accept the case according to law if the victim files a lawsuit with the court for compensation for mental damage on the grounds of infringement.

　　Sun found that there was a miniature camera in the bathroom of the rented room, and then called the police. The owner Wang admitted the fact of installing and taking videos and photos. The police made an "Administrative Punishment Decision" and imposed administrative detention on Wang for 10 days and a fine. Sun appealed to the court to ask Wang to delete all videos and photos and compensate for mental losses. Wang argued that he had been punished by administration and should not be liable for civil compensation. The court held that citizens’ right to privacy was protected by law. Wang installed a camera in the bathroom without Sun’s consent, and secretly photographed his life, which seriously violated Sun’s legitimate rights and interests and should bear the corresponding tort liability. Therefore, the court supported Sun’s lawsuit. According to the relevant laws and regulations, if the infringer should bear administrative responsibility or criminal responsibility for the same act, it will not affect the tort liability according to law, so Wang’s defense opinion will not be adopted. Considering the degree of Wang’s fault, the means of infringement, the specific circumstances of the occasion, the consequences caused by infringement and other factors, although Sun did not provide relevant evidence of serious consequences, considering the internal mental damage caused to Sun, the court decided that Wang should compensate Sun for his mental loss of 20,000 yuan.

　　4 using sneak shots to gain profits is suspected of multiple crimes.

　　The downstream of the industrial chain of privacy sneak shots is a gray income zone. Because the privacy cost of sneak shots is low and the spread is convenient, criminals use the privacy videos of sneak shots to make profits and even commit crimes. Some sneak shots can even invite hundreds of people to watch online in real time through the APP, and the spread is not limited by time and region. Traffickers use the snooping psychology of some groups to promote personal privacy and sneak shots on online platforms such as QQ group, which not only harms the healthy network ecological space, but also is suspected of infringing citizens’ personal information. Making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene candid photos for the purpose of making profits is suspected to constitute the crime of making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene articles for profit. If the circumstances are serious, it is suspected to constitute the crime of spreading obscene articles without making profits. Privacy winners who use privacy to blackmail the photographed person are suspected of committing extortion.

　　Defendants Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Ge and others opened rooms in multi-site hotels separately or in groups for the purpose of illegal profit, and installed more than 10 cameras on the air-conditioning drainage pipes in the rooms privately to shoot the private videos of the guests, and sold the "invitation code" to the defendants Shen, Cui and Feng through the network. After increasing the price, they resold or sold them to others through the network for profit. After trial, the court held that the above-mentioned defendants, for the purpose of making profits, respectively constituted the crime of making, copying, publishing, selling and disseminating obscene articles for profit, and sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from one year to six months to eleven years and fined them, while recovering illegal income.

　　5 public places should bear tort liability for failing to fulfill their safety obligations.

　　Hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations, entertainment places and other public places have the obligation to ensure safety. According to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, consumers have the right to protect their personal and property safety when purchasing and using commodities and receiving services. Consumers have the right to demand that the goods and services provided by business operators meet the requirements of protecting personal and property safety. According to the Tort Liability Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), managers of hotels, shopping malls, banks, stations, entertainment places and other public places or organizers of mass activities who fail to fulfill their security obligations and cause damage to others shall bear tort liability. If the behavior of a third party causes damage to others, the third party shall bear the tort liability; If the manager or organizer fails to fulfill the obligation of safety guarantee, he shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Although the act of secretly photographing privacy is not directly made by public places such as hotels, the administrator’s failure to fulfill his security obligations leads to the internal act of secretly photographing, which brings privacy damage, unnecessary losses and mental damage to others and should bear tort liability.

　　A sports company is the operator of B fitness club, and Zhou is a paid member of the fitness club. When he was changing clothes in the locker room of the fitness club, Li sneaked a peek with his mobile phone. Zhou sued the court, demanding that A Sports Company compensate for its membership fee, loss of private education fee, lost time, transportation fee and spiritual comfort. At the trial of the case, A Sports Company argued that it had fulfilled its security obligations, on the grounds that after the incident, after Zhou reported to the police and informed the company, the employees of the company immediately closed all the entrances and exits for police investigation. The court held that according to Article 37 of the Tort Liability Law, as the manager of public places, A Sports Company’s security obligations should be reflected in the obligations of danger prevention, danger elimination and rescue after the damage. Closing the entrance and waiting for the police only fulfilled the obligation of rescue after the damage, and it failed to fulfill the obligation of danger prevention and danger elimination for Zhou’s being peeped and photographed, which led to Zhou’s damage. Because there was a third party’s infringement in this case, A Sports Company should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Regarding Zhou’s claim for mental damages, the court supported it in combination with the facts of the case, the security obligations of A Sports Company and the degree of fault. Because the case deals with the liability dispute of A Sports Company for violating the security obligation, the membership fee and private education fee belong to the contents of the contract agreed by both parties, which are not the same legal relationship with this case, so the lawsuit request will not be handled. Zhou’s claim for compensation for lost time and transportation expenses is also not supported.

　　So, how can we prevent personal privacy from being peeped? First of all, citizens and managers of public places should further improve their moral level and legal awareness, clarify the legal bottom line, avoid stepping on the legal red line, raise their awareness of protecting the privacy of others and individuals, report violations to relevant departments in time, and form a good social atmosphere of mutual respect and protection.

　　Secondly, individuals should improve their protection ability, choose regular hotels and homestays to stay, pay attention to self-privacy protection and screening of sneak shots, pay attention to checking whether there are sneak shots in public places and semi-private areas, and change the password of family monitors regularly to prevent private videos from leaking and spreading.

　　At the same time, public places should take active security measures, strengthen the security monitoring system and security patrol work, especially increase the investigation of electronic probes, prevent outsiders from installing eavesdropping devices, and conduct regular inspections of public places. Relevant departments should also strengthen the standardization of law enforcement, supervision and management, investigate and deal with the black industrial chain of privacy sneak shots, and carry out special rectification of the whole process of upstream theft, midstream transaction and downstream communication, and prohibit the commercialization of privacy with personal interests.

　　(Yang Hui Author: Beijing Shijingshan District People’s Court)

　　The 100-volume series of "A General Examination of the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents" will be published soon. This is the first time that Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) have been compiled together by photocopying, which will make the study of the early dissemination history of Marxism in China a big step forward qualitatively. The "translation" here refers to the works of Marx and Engels published separately in China, including monographs and their translated versions, selected letters and special collections; Second, it refers to the complete translations of Marx and Engels’ works in periodicals or newspapers in the form of serials and in other collections. A translation is different from a version, and the translation is based on the translator. The same translation may be printed by different publishers for many times, resulting in multiple versions. So, before 1949, how many Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works were there?

　　In 1899, Chinese learned the names of Marx and Engels. The titles, fragments and abridged translations of some works of Marx and Engels have appeared in many books, periodicals and newspapers in China. For example, Li Dazhao once translated several passages from Poverty of Philosophy, communist party Declaration and Das Kapital, and the English version of the communist party Declaration was published in the Japanese newspaper Tianyi, and the translator Min Ming also translated the first chapter of the communist party Declaration. However, due to the incomplete translation, readers can’t accurately understand Marx and Engels’ theoretical viewpoints, so this series has not included it as a translation. Mao Zedong once said: "Some people, such as Liang Qichao and Zhu Zhixin, once mentioned Marxism. It is said that there is someone who translated Engels’ The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science in a magazine. This man is Shi Renrong, who translated and published Engels’ book in the bimonthly New World in Shanghai in 1912, and then translated it as Ideal Socialism and Implementing Socialism. Shi Renrong’s translation is not a complete translation, which fails to translate several paragraphs at the end of the third part of the original work and a brief overview of the whole development process at last. At the same time, it is more accurate to call it "translation narration", including the translator’s own narrative elements, which do not strictly follow the narrative logic of Engels’ original works and have been deleted and added in content. Therefore, this series has not been included.

　　During the May 4th Movement, from May 9th to June 1st, 1919, Beijing Morning Post serialized Labor and Capital, which is now translated as Hired Labor and Capital, and the translator signed it. This is a work published by Marx in the New Rheinische Zeitung in 1849 and published separately in 1891. Because the translation is complete, it is called Hired Labor. In July 1921, before the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), there were two Chinese versions of Marx and Engels’ works, namely, the Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration published by the Shanghai Institute of Socialism in August 1920, which was the first complete and separate Chinese translation of this classic work of Marx and Engels. Almost at the same time, Shanghai Qunyi Bookstore published Engels’ Zheng Cichuan translation of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development, which was then translated as Scientific Socialism.

Chen Wangdao version of the communist party Declaration

　　After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), several versions appeared in China: Yuan Rang’s version of Wage Labor and Capital, published by Guangzhou People’s Publishing House in December 1921, was translated as Wage Labor and Capital; On May 15th, 1922, Xiong Deshan’s translation of Critique of the Gotha Program was published in No.4 (Marxt), Volume I of Beijing Today Magazine, which was translated as Critique of the Gotha Program. Li Ji’s translation of Wages, Prices and Profits was published by the Commercial Press in October 1922, and it was translated as Value Price and Profits. On April 10th, 1923, the translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published in New Era, Volume 1, No.1, Hunan Self-study University, and it was translated as Criticism Outside the Program of the German Labor Party. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science; Li’s English version was serialized in the supplement of Shanghai National Daily from February to March in 1925, and it was translated as Utopian and Scientific Socialism. Peng Xuepei’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was serialized in Xuedeng magazine, a supplement of Shanghai Current Affairs News, in May 1925, and translated as Critique of the Program of the German Labor Party. Li Chunfan’s translation of Critique of Gotha Program was published by Shanghai Liberation Series in August 1925, and it was translated as Critique of Gotha Program. The Zhu Jingwo version of Socialism from Utopia to Scientific Development was published by Shanghai Creation Society in May, 1925, and it was translated as the Development of Socialism. So far, there are 11 complete Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

　　After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927, the organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was destroyed. However, the leaders of the Party and the United and progressive cultural workers continued to spread Marxism and compiled and published the classic works of Marx and Engels in the white terror environment. From 1927 to 1937, before the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the collected translations can be divided into the following categories:

　　The first category is that the works published by Marx and Engels were translated into Chinese, including Lu Yiyuan’s translation of The French-German Peasant Problem, which was published by Shanghai Far East Book Company in May 1928. Huang Siyue’s translation of "The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science" was published by Shanghai Taidong Bookstore in August, 1928, and it was translated as "Outline of Socialist Development". In May 1929, Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau published Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Wage, Price and Profit, Zhu Yingqi’s translation of Hired Labor and Capital, and Yin Zhu Society’s translation of the latter. The Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State was translated by Ying Li Yang and published by Shanghai New Life Bookstore in June, 1929. Du Zhujun’s translation of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Shanghai Shuimo Bookstore in October, 1929. Peng Jiasheng’s translation of "The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy" was published by Shanghai Qiangshu Company in December 1929 and translated into Feuerbach. Liu Man’s translation of Criticism of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Lequn Bookstore in March, 1930, and it was translated as Economic Criticism. The translation of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in April 1930, and it was translated as Feuerbach and the End of Classical Philosophy. LouisThe 18th Foggy Moon of Bonaparte translated by Chen Zhongtao was published by Shanghai Nanqiang Bookstore in May, 1930, and it was translated as The Third Coup of Napoleon. Liu Jingyuan’s translation of German Revolution and Counter-Revolution was published by Shanghai New Life Publishing House in May 1930, and it was translated as Revolution and Counter-Revolution. Zou Zhongyin’s translation of "Speech on Free Trade" was published by Shanghai United Bookstore in August 1930 and translated as "Free Trade". Wu Liping’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Jiangnan Bookstore in November 1930. Qian Tieru’s translation of Anti-Turin Theory was published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in December, 1930, and it was translated as Anti-Turin Theory. Hua Gang’s translation of the communist party Declaration was published by the Shanghai Chinese and Foreign Social Science Research Society in 1930, and it was translated as the Declaration. Guo Moruo’s translation of Critique of Political Economy was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in December 1931. The Xu Deheng version of The Poverty of Philosophy was published by Beiping East Asia Bookstore in July 1932, and it was translated as The Poverty of Philosophy. Du Wei’s translation of Dialectics of Nature was the only complete translation before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which was published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society in August 1932. The Qing Li version of The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy was published by Shanghai Socialist Research Society in November 1932, and it was translated as Feuerbach. In 1932, there were two versions of Engels’ book German Peasant War, namely, Qian Yishi’s translation published by Shanghai Shenzhou Guoguang Society, and Li Yixin’s translation published by Shanghai Lehua Book Company.The latter was translated as German Peasant War.

Lu Yiyuan’s Translation of the Franco-German Peasant Problem

Liu Man’s Translation of Critique of Political Economy

　　The second category is the translated version published separately, including the translation of Lu Yiyuan’s section of Dialectics of Nature, and the section of "The Role of Labor in the Transformation from Ape to Man" in Engels’ Dialectics of Nature, which was published by Shanghai Chunchao Bookstore in November 1928 and translated as "The Origin of Marxist Race". The translation of Dialectics of Nature into Song Festival was published by Shanghai Taidong Book Bureau in September, 1930, and it was translated as From Ape to Man. Guo Moruo’s translation of the Holy Family, in which the contents of the fifth and eighth chapters are abridged, was published by the Tokyo Literature and Art Society in May 1936, and its translation was called Authenticity of Works of Art.. Marx’s masterpiece Das Kapital has not yet had a complete translation in this period, and even the first volume was completed in the form of abridged translation and relay. Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I, Volume I) was first translated by Chen Qixiu and published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in March 1930, while Volume I, Volume II and Volume III were translated by Pan Dongzhou, respectively. In September 1932, Das Kapital (the first volume) was translated into Chinese by Wang Shenming and Hou Wailu, and published by Beijing International Society. Four years later, the second volume and the middle volume were published by the World Famous Works Translation Society. The two translators were named Yu Shu and You Ming respectively. According to the naming rules, the former is called Wang Shenming’s translation and Hou Wailu’s translation, while the latter must be called Yu Shu and You Ming’s translation. In addition, Das Kapital (Volume I, Volume I)The translations of Wu Bannong and Qianjiaju were published by the Commercial Press in May 1934, and have not been translated since then.

　　The third category is the translations included in other collections. In October 1929, the book Religion, Philosophy and Socialism compiled by Lin Chaozhen was published by Shanghai Hubin Bookstore, which included Engels’ two works, The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science and The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy. It can be called Lin Chaozhen’s translation, which was then translated into Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. In February, 1930, the Shanghai Social Science Research Association published Selected Translations of Marx’s Papers compiled by Li Yimang, which included Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital, which can be called Li Yimang’s translation, and translated into Critique of the Gotha Program and Wage Labor and Capital. In March 1930, the book The Basis of Marxism published by Shanghai Social Science Research Society included Engels’ Principles of Communism and Wage Labor and Capital, namely Pan Hongwen’s translation. In addition, The Critique of Materialism of Mechanism, published by Shanghai Kunlun Bookstore in May, 1932, completely included The End of ludwig feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy, which can be called the translation of Yang Dongkui and Ning Dunwu. So far, the number of Chinese versions has reached 49.

Critique of Materialism of Mechanism: Yang Dongchong’s and Ning Dunwu’s Translation

　　From the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the number of translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China continued to increase, and Yan ‘an became the publishing center of Marxist classics. During this period, there was a compilation of Marx and Engels’ expositions on China, and a translation of Fang Naiyi by Wuhan China Publishing House in March 1938, entitled "Ma En on China"; In addition, in November 1938, Yang Kezhai’s translation of Zhulin Bookstore in Shanghai was entitled "Comments on China". There are also excerpted versions of the discourses on literature and art in Marx and Engels’ works, such as Yi Yi’s translation entitled "On the Art of Science" by Shanghai Reading Publishing House in October 1940 and Ouyang Fanhai’s translation entitled "On the Literature of Marx and Engels" by Reading Life Publishing House in November 1939. In December 1939, Yan ‘an Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine published the translation of Selected Works of Engels’ Military Papers (Volume I), and its subsequent volumes were published after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In 1940, Engels’ literature on the British Workers’ Movement was compiled by Wu Wentao and published in China Workers’ Society in Yan ‘an, with the title "The British Workers’ Movement".　

　　During this period, China also compiled five kinds of anthologies of Marx and Engels’ letters, namely, Guo Dali’s translation of Capital Correspondence Collection in April 1939, Ke Bainian’s and Ai Siqi’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in June 1939, Lin Chaozhen’s translation of Marx’s Letter to Gugeman in May 1947, and Letter to Dr. Gugeman in April 1948.

　　During this period, three volumes of Das Kapital were published in full translation, namely, Guo Dali’s and Wang Yanan’s translations, which were published continuously by Reading Life Publishing House from August to September, 1938. In 1940, Guo Dali’s and Peng Dixian’s versions of Addendum and Corrigendum to Das Kapital were also published. Related to this, the three-volume Theory of Surplus Value, known as the fourth volume of Das Kapital, also published Guo Dali’s translation in May 1949. In order to deeply study Marx’s viewpoints in Das Kapital, China has also compiled and published a series of articles on Engels’ interpretation of the book, including two versions of Engels’ On Das Kapital published in January 1939, translated by Zhang Hanfu and Xu Dixin, and translated by He Xilin published in August 1939.　

　　During this period, there were two versions of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science that were not signed by the translator, which could be called the anonymous version of the Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science. The other one was published by Hankou Xinhan Publishing House in April, 1938, and it was translated as "From Utopian Socialism to Scientific Socialism". These two versions can only be distinguished according to the publishing unit. There is also an anonymous translation of the Origin of Family, Private Ownership and State, which was published by Minghua Publishing House in June 1938 and translated into the Origin of Family, Private Property and State.

　　During this period, there are also Chinese translations of ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy, which were translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1937 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science was translated by Wu Liping in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Cao Zhen in 1949. The communist party Declaration was translated by Cheng Fangwu and Bing Xu in 1938, Bo Gu in 1943 and Moscow in 1943. Wages, Prices and Profits were translated westward in 1938 and translated by Wang Xuewen in 1939. Guo Moruo’s translation of German Ideology in 1938 and Kirsch’s translation in 1941; The French Civil War was translated by Wu Liping and Liu Yun in 1938 and Guo He in 1939. On the Jewish Problem, translated by Guo He in 1939; Wang Xuewen’s translation of wage labor and capital in 1939 and Shen Zhiyuan’s translation in 1939; German Revolution and Counter-Revolution, 1939 translated by Wang Shiwei and Ke Bainian; Critique of the Gotha Program: He Sijing and Bing Xu’s translation in 1939; The 18th Fog Moon in louis bonaparte, a 1940 translation by Robert Coburn; The role of violence in history, Cao Ting’s translation in 1940; Family, Private Ownership and the Origin of the State translated by Zhang Zhongshi in 1941; Cao Ting’s translation of the Franco-Prussian War in 1941; The Class Struggle in France, a 1942 edition by Robert Copernicus; Dialectics of Nature translated by Yu Guangyuan and Cao Baohua in 1948; Lin Ruo’s 1949 translation of Principles of Communism;The Poverty of Philosophy translated by He Sijing in 1949, and so on. Chen Shoushi’s translation of the communist party Declaration is included in the appendix of Comparative Economic System, and the publication time is unknown, which belongs to the translation before 1949. In addition, Liu Man’s translation of Marx’s Speech on Free Trade and Guo Moruo’s translation are included in the appendix of Critique of Political Economy respectively. Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), there were 98 Chinese translations of Marx and Engels’ works in China.

Guo Dali and Wang Yanan’s Translation of Das Kapital

　　In the process of editing the 100-volume series, we corrected the inaccuracies in the previous materials according to the originals, photos and textual research methods. Due to the limitation of the publishing scale of the series, the 100-volume series failed to fully include all the translations before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and some translations were not collected due to the age, which still needs further textual research.

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

Series of General Examination on the Dissemination of Marxist Classical Documents

　　Author: Wang Zhanyi, former vice president of Inner Mongolia Branch of Xinhua News Agency

Haikou, Haikou, September 7 (trainee reporter Fu Meibin) In recent years, xiuying district, Haikou City has seized the "new track" of the digital economy and cultivated a new format of the digital economy. The digital economy has become an important engine for high-quality development. Especially since Haikou digital science and technology innovation platform was built by relying on the advantages of regional industrial characteristic resources at the end of 2022, more than 10 eco-cooperative enterprises have been attracted to settle in, 1,200 people have been employed, the digital economy industry has been gathered, the rapid growth of the digital economy has been promoted, and new impetus has been injected into the high-quality development of the digital economy in Haikou.

Baidu AI Cloud (Haikou) Artificial Intelligence Basic Data Industrial Base (photo by Fu Meibin, trainee reporter of Yangguang. com)

Seize the "new outlet" of the industry and build the first large-scale model data labeling base in China

On September 6th, in Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform of China Merchants Building in xiuying district, Haikou City, hundreds of large model annotators are skillfully grading and sorting the content data generated by large models with the help of the data annotation platform.

Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform currently has 3 bases and 5 centers, including Baidu AI Cloud (Haikou) Artificial Intelligence Basic Data Industry Base and Urban Digital Operation Center. Among them, Baidu AI Cloud (Haikou) Artificial Intelligence Basic Data Industrial Base is the first large-scale model data labeling center in China jointly established by Baidu AI Cloud and Haikou Municipal People’s Government.

The data annotator is at work (photo by Fu Meibin, trainee reporter of Yang Guangwang)

Since it landed at the end of 2022, in less than a year, Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform has achieved the acceleration from scratch, from scratch to prosperity, and seized the "new outlet" of the industry.

After graduating from university in 2020, data annotator Wang Jieyu worked as a teacher in primary school for more than a year, and finally chose to work in the Internet industry. "In April this year, when I learned that there was a recruitment here, I applied for the position of data annotator. After systematic training in the base, I successfully took up my post after examination. Before I came, I felt that the work here was mysterious, because it was something like big data AI. I didn’t expect to get started so soon. I am full of love for this job now. "

The data annotation of the model has a certain threshold, which involves the dialogue in professional fields such as code, law and medical treatment, and the data annotator must have industry knowledge. "This requires not only the data annotator to judge whether the answer is off-topic, whether there are factual errors, but also whether there are logical problems and semantic duplication." Wang Jieyu introduced.

"For each question, the big model generates five different answers, and then the data annotator scores the answers according to a complete set of scoring rules. The perfect score is 5 points. If the score is lower than 3 points, you need to indicate in the answer which sentences have irrelevant answers and factual errors. " Wang Jieyu said that because the big model generates different answers to the same question every time, the stability of the answer will be in doubt.

The person in charge of xiuying district said that the establishment of Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform has achieved a "double harvest" of social and economic benefits. Next, we will continue to seize the "new window" of the industry, introduce more digital enterprises, form a larger digital industrial park, build a digital economy industrial cluster, continue to make blood for local digital transformation and intelligent upgrading, and promote high-quality economic development.

"Since the official launch of business docking and the establishment of an operation team at the end of 2022, by the end of August this year, the artificial intelligence data base of Haikou Digital Technology Innovation Platform had received more than 8,000 job resumes, completed interviews and pre-employment training for more than 4,500 people, and has now achieved 1,200 jobs. It can be said that it not only guarantees stable employment, but also stimulates the vitality of talents. " He Jing, manager of Haikou Digital Technology Innovation Platform Department, said.

He Jing introduced that in order to improve the quality of personnel training and meet the needs of students to participate in social practice and exercise their abilities, Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform has also established the "Haikou Employment Internship Base" to attract more young talents to participate in employment internships and promote the employment of college graduates.

Create an industrial "benchmarking area" and make the digital economy a new engine for high-quality development.

At the two sessions held in xiuying district this year, the "Government Work Report" clearly stated that it is necessary to "strengthen the’ supporting force’ of high-tech industries". Deepen cooperation with China Mobile and other companies, start Baidu artificial intelligence data labeling base, build a digital technology innovation platform, and accelerate the digital economy to take off.

Development history of Haikou digital technology innovation platform (photo by Fu Meibin, trainee reporter of Yangguang. com)

Under the background of the four-party cooperation agreement signed by Haikou Municipal People’s Government, China Mobile Communications Group Hainan Co., Ltd., Beijing Baidu Netcom Technology Co., Ltd. and Chengdu Yunzhi Tianxia Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou Digital Technology Innovation Platform was implemented in stages.

Haikou digital science and technology innovation platform integrates various resources, strengthens urban planning, construction and management by using modern science and technology, integrating information resources and coordinating business application systems, helps Hainan Free Trade Port to build a smart city, promotes the innovation of urban production, life and management methods, solves the problems faced in the process of urban development, enhances the value of government services, creates industrial economic value and embodies people’s livelihood and social value.

Haikou Digital Science and Technology Innovation Platform Workspace (photo by trainee reporter Fu Meibin of Yangguang. com)

"For example, Baidu AI Cloud will build the first phase of Haikou Digital Technology Innovation Platform’ Baidu AI Cloud (Haikou) Artificial Intelligence Basic Data Industry Base’ in our xiuying district around the artificial intelligence data industry, responsible for data collection, cleaning and labeling, and establish a hierarchical data labeling industrial cluster." The relevant person in charge of xiuying district introduced.

The person in charge said that at present, the development of AI industry is changing with each passing day, and xiuying district will seize new opportunities, vigorously develop the digital economy, promote industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, and create an industrial "benchmarking area" to make the digital economy a new engine for high-quality development. In terms of industrial digitalization, xiuying district has more than 10 provincial key parks and municipal parks, which have hatched a large number of enterprises in biomedicine and construction machinery manufacturing, providing strong support for the further upgrading and transformation of traditional industries in xiuying district. In terms of digital industrialization, the landing of Haikou data labeling base is just the beginning. Later, it will focus on Platform 1 (Haikou Digital Technology Innovation Platform), Base 3 (Baidu AI Cloud (Haikou) Artificial Intelligence Data Labeling Base, Baidu Intelligent Computing Base, Baidu Yuan Universe Industrial Base) and Center 5 (Flying Paddle Industry Empowerment Center, Urban Digital Operation Center, Digital Display Experience Center, Delivery Service Center, Digital Training Empowerment Center) to lay out the big data industry.

The reporter learned that in the future, Haikou City will promote the AI ? ? digital port to land in the core area of the west coast. As the administrative office of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, xiuying district is expected to "get the moon by being close to the water", introduce more large-scale digital enterprises like Baidu, and build a number of large-scale digital industrial parks.

March is the most beautiful day in the world, and the spring flowers are blooming. On the occasion of the 114th "March 8th" International Women’s Day, in order to carry forward the spirit of the new era and show the elegant demeanor of women, the theme activity of creative flower arrangement on March 8th Women’s Day was held in Guizhou Vocational College of Water Resources and Hydropower.

Flower arrangement experience site.

Professional floral teachers were invited to explain and guide the female teachers on the spot. From the teaching of flower arrangement skills to the flower language and blessings contained in various flowers, everyone listened to the floral teacher’s explanation and carefully trimmed them. The flowers were overflowing on the spot. In the process of feeling, appreciating and creating beauty, everyone cultivated their sentiments and enhanced their communication, further enhancing the creativity, cohesion and hands-on ability of female workers.

During the lucky draw, the college trade union prepared Chinese brocade boxes, embroidery barrels, exquisite bouquets and other prizes for everyone, and the event site was very lively.

Lucky draw.

This activity enriched the cultural life of female workers, stimulated their enthusiasm for work, expressed their love for life and showed their elegant feelings. It not only conveyed good wishes to everyone, let everyone enjoy this rare leisure time after busy work, but also enhanced the friendship between colleagues and won unanimous praise. After the work is completed, everyone will show and appreciate each other, hold up the work and take photos as a souvenir, leaving a beautiful moment.

Event prizes.

Event site.

Everyone said that through this activity, they not only experienced the fun of floral production, fully felt the artistic beauty of floral production, but also relieved their body and mind, reduced pressure and empowered them. Next, they will devote themselves to their work with a fuller mental state, and make contributions to the high-quality development of the college with the pride of "keeping a woman alive". (Text/Shao Lilin Photo courtesy of Guizhou Vocational College of Water Resources and Hydropower)

　　Editor’s note:Winter is the season when vitality lurks and hides. It is the end of one year and the beginning of the next. As the saying goes, "Spring grows, summer grows, autumn harvests, and winter hides", so it is very important to keep in good health in winter. Look at the key points of winter health care!

　　Keep healthy in winter, go to bed early and get up late.

　　According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, man and nature are a whole, and man should adapt to the four seasons changes of nature and arrange his daily life and rest reasonably. Hong Zhaoguang, chief physician of Beijing anzhen hospital, pointed out that when the sun rises, the body clock will send out instructions and the sympathetic nerves will start to get excited, which means you should get up.

　　In winter, the days are shortened and the nights are increased. People should also follow the principle of "winter storage", appropriately extend their sleep time, and adjust their work and rest to "go to bed early and get up late", sleeping one or two hours earlier than in other seasons and getting up one or two hours later. Liu Dequan, chief physician of Chinese Medicine Department of Beijing Geriatric Hospital, reminded. Old people who are weak in yang have better wait until the sun comes out to avoid cold evil. Otherwise, it is likely to cause respiratory diseases such as colds, coughs and asthma, and even induce accidents such as angina pectoris.

　　Keep healthy in winter, have breakfast late, have dinner early.

　　Get up late in winter, breakfast should also be postponed. When people sleep, the digestive system is still working hard to digest the food they eat in a day. If you eat breakfast too early, it will make your digestive system tired. After getting up, you can drink a little water first, and then prepare breakfast in a leisurely way, leaving enough rest time for the digestive system.

　　The habit of going to bed early at night also determines that dinner should be eaten early in winter, especially for the elderly, whose digestive function is weak, so it is more necessary to eat early to ensure that the body has enough time to digest food thoroughly. This can not only avoid food accumulation at night, but also ensure good sleep quality.

　　Eating "hard" early and drinking thin late in winter

　　The "hard" eating early here actually doesn’t mean something with hard taste, but food with rich nutrition and high energy. Liu Dequan said that a good breakfast can better ensure the energy needed for a day’s activities. Such as lean meat and cereal. However, the elderly with weak digestive function should also consider whether the food is digestible.

　　After dinner, people’s activities will be reduced. In order to avoid food accumulation, we should eat less and choose digested food, porridge is better, and meat and spicy food are best avoided. Eating porridge for dinner also has the functions of nourishing the stomach and calming the nerves. It is recommended that the elderly can eat some yam porridge, lotus seed porridge, jujube porridge and so on.

　　Drinking water early and honey late in winter.

　　There is a saying in Chinese medicine: "Drink salt water early and honey late". Yang Li of Xiyuan Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine explained that salt has the functions of clearing heat, cooling blood, detoxifying and nourishing kidney. Drinking a glass of light salt water on an empty stomach after getting up in the morning is helpful to reduce fire and benefit the kidney, relieve constipation and improve the digestive function of the stomach, and is also good for those who get angry and have sore throat. However, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension and people with poor renal function should drink carefully; Generally, the salt in 100ml water should not exceed 0.9g, so as not to increase the burden on kidneys and heart.

　　Drinking honey water at night can help digestion and sleep. Before going to bed every day, you can scoop a spoonful of honey and mix it with warm water. But people who have the habit of getting up at night had better not drink honey at night, because its sugar content is high, which is easy to cause polyuria; People with diabetes should also drink carefully.

　　Doing morning exercises in winter is late, late and early.

　　Whether you get up early or exercise in the evening, you also need to adapt to the seasonal characteristics of winter. Liu Dequan believes that a major principle in choosing exercise time is: don’t exercise until you see the sun. Therefore, the morning exercise should wait until the sun comes out, and the evening exercise should be before the sun goes down. Only in this way can we ensure that the yang in the human body is not damaged. Therefore, in winter, the time of morning exercise is later than other seasons, and the exercise in the evening is earlier than other seasons.

　　In addition, the temperature is low in the morning and evening in winter, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large. If you go out to exercise too early, you are more likely to catch cold, and your blood pressure may rise due to vasoconstriction, which may cause physical discomfort. Exercise too late at night may also lead to discomfort due to temperature problems, especially for the elderly with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

　　In winter, keeping in good health, exercising early, exercising quietly, exercising late and exercising more.

　　Some people like doing exercises and boxing, while others like running and dancing. We should choose different exercise methods according to different physical conditions. Wu Wenqiang, an associate professor at the School of Education of Beijing Sport University, believes that people just wake up from sleep in the morning, and the whole body is still in a state of "inhibition". Proper exercise can help restore vitality. However, the awakening of the human body needs a process, which should be gradual, so you should not do more strenuous exercise in the morning, and you can do morning exercises and play Tai Chi.

　　In the evening, the human body is basically active. Research by British sports physiologists also found that after 4 pm and at night, people’s physical strength, responsiveness and adaptability will reach a better state, and their heartbeat and blood pressure will be relatively stable. Therefore, you can do a little more intense activities, such as playing ball and running, and the elderly can also choose dancing, brisk walking and other sports. However, if the exercise time is arranged 20 minutes after dinner or 10 minutes before going to bed, it should be as gentle and gentle as possible, such as walking.

　　Keep healthy in winter, get up early in the sun and soak your feet at night.

　　Sunbathing helps to supplement calcium and cheer up the spirit. Liu Dequan suggested sunbathing more in the morning for 15 minutes, which can help to improve the level of vitamin D in the human body and promote calcium absorption. In Japan, sunbathing regularly after getting up early is regarded as a sleep therapy, because sunbathing can gradually restore the biological clock in the human body to normal, which is one of the keys to alleviate insomnia.

　　Soaking feet with hot water helps blood circulation and improves sleep quality, so it is recommended to do it before going to bed. After a day’s activity, I feel tired at night, and my liver and kidney are in urgent need of rest and recuperation. Yang Li said that the best way to recuperate at this time is to soak your feet. Liu Dequan also suggested that you should soak your feet in water at about 40 degrees Celsius for half an hour before going to bed, so that you can get hot, but you can’t sweat obviously. After soaking your feet, it is suggested that you should stop doing other activities and fall asleep every few minutes, which is better.

　　Tonifying health in winter is not a mistake.

　　Many people think that winter is a golden season for tonic. When winter comes, all kinds of tonics are eaten in large quantities, and many businesses have launched various "packages" and "partners" to meet the needs of consumers. In fact, it is enough to make up for it properly in winter. In winter, it is mainly closed, not leaked. Excessive tonic will lead to the disorder of body balance, especially the excessive use of nourishing yang and invigorating qi will lead to the leakage of essence in the body, resulting in "no essence in winter". Therefore, in winter, it should be properly supplemented, and it is not possible to make up for it. In particular, ginseng, velvet antler and other "sharp tools" for invigorating qi and tonifying yang should be more cautious.

　　Love to eat in winter, but don’t eat in error.

　　It’s freezing in winter, eating a spicy hot pot and sweating all over, and many people will feel very comfortable, but they don’t know that this is dissipating the yang of the human body. In winter, we should give priority to nourishing yin essence, and we must not use hot products indiscriminately. Of course, you can’t eat some cold products in winter, so as not to damage spleen yang, affect spleen and stomach transport and destroy digestive system. In short, in winter, we should give priority to a peaceful and moist diet, such as drinking more porridge, putting some jujube, medlar, longan, tremella and lily appropriately, and adding a small amount of ginger as appropriate, which can be tonic but not greasy, moist and not dry, and is a good tonic for winter. Taboo a large number of hot products such as mutton, pepper, etc., and a large number of cold products such as fruits and ice cream.

　　Want to drink in winter health, don’t drink in vain.

　　In winter, many people like to drink some white wine to warm themselves up. In fact, moderate drinking is beneficial to health, which can warm the blood vessels, dispel the wind and dispel the cold. The common recipe for postpartum biochemical soup is to take it with white wine. However, liquor is a warm product after all. Excessive drinking will dissipate human yang, and excessive drinking will also cause dampness and phlegm, which will make people feel dizzy and depressed. Nowadays, many young people like to drink drinks. These drinks contain a lot of sugar, which can easily lead to obesity. In winter, drinking too much drinks will damage spleen yang and lead to indigestion. At the same time, some drinks also contain a lot of gas, which can easily lead to bloating after drinking. Therefore, you should not drink too much white wine or drink too many cold drinks in winter. In fact, red wine, as the most natural healthy drink, has the merit of beauty beauty and can be used as a good health product in winter. In addition, black tea is sweet in taste, warm in nature, good at storing yang, generating heat and warming the abdomen, which can enhance the human body’s resistance to cold, and also has the functions of removing greasy food, appetizing and refreshing, so it is very suitable for drinking in winter. (Source: Life Times, China Chinese Medicine News)