On December 28th, 2016, two satellites of Group 01 of Gaojing-1 were successfully launched in Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center with one arrow and two stars. (Xinhua News Agency)

　　On December 28, 2016, two satellites in Group 01 of Gaojing No.1 in China were successfully launched in the form of one arrow and two stars. As of January 10, 2017, the ground system has successfully received and processed 15 tracks of 1241 images. Since then, there have been two China-born "space detectives" in the vast universe.

　　As China’s first self-developed 0.5-meter high-resolution commercial remote sensing satellite, what unique skills does Gaojing-1 have and what is the significance of its launch? Please follow the footsteps of the Economic Daily reporter and approach the strongest commercial remote sensing small satellite in China’s history.

　　Break through the monopoly of remote sensing market

　　Looking down at Gaofen No.1, which covers 800 kilometers, we can bring the spatial resolution of China remote sensing satellite into Gaofen No.2 in the Ami era, and we can observe and image Gaofen No.3 & HELIP; …

　　Looking back at the remote sensing satellites launched in recent years, many people still remember them. However, the "protagonist" Gao Jing No.1, who is going to appear today, belongs to the remote sensing family, but it is more grounded. "In the past, China’s remote sensing satellites mostly provided public welfare services for the government and other departments, and Gaojing No.1 will provide more professional and quantitative remote sensing data for various commercial users." Xu Wen, general manager of China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., a specialized company of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, which is responsible for the commercial operation of Gaojing No.1, said.

　　This positioning is not only the requirement of realizing the independent supply of data, but also has practical considerations. With the continuous development of technology application, the value of remote sensing has been continuously explored. The commercial remote sensing satellite companies, such as Digital Earth and Airbus, which have stood out from the market several times, have monopolized the high-resolution commercial remote sensing market in China.

　　According to the data provided by Xu Wen, China’s annual direct consumption of satellite raw data with resolution better than 2.5 meters is about 500 million yuan, and the growth rate is about 8%, of which foreign satellite data accounts for 75% of the market. What is even more difficult is that in the remote sensing data market, data with sub-meter level or above, especially with resolution better than 0.5 meters, is the mainstream consumption index. However, in the past, due to the performance of independent commercial remote sensing satellites, none of China’s commercial remote sensing satellites had a resolution of 0.5 meters.

　　In the 21st century, the application industry of remote sensing satellites serving various fields of national economy and social development is showing great growth. Xu Wen frankly said that because there is no right to speak, sometimes, even at a high price, you can’t buy much-needed sub-meter data.

　　Faced with some heavy reality, in September 2015, with the approval of the Ministry of Finance, Aerospace Science and Technology Group established a commercial remote sensing satellite company. Since then, Aerospace Dongfanghong Satellite Co., Ltd. has completed the development of two satellites in the 01 group of Gaojing-1 in 17 months. At the end of 2016, with the launch of these two satellites in Taiyuan, the situation that China’s commercial remote sensing was controlled by people came to an end.

　　"The successful launch of Gaojing No.1 has achieved a breakthrough in the commercialization of China’s domestic remote sensing satellite operation mode. Since then, China has owned independent remote sensing data with a resolution of 0.5 meters high." Jia Ke, director of the Party-mass Work Department of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said.

　　What does a resolution of 0.5m mean? This is a watershed in the global high-resolution commercial remote sensing satellite market. Previously, only the United States and South Korea reached this level. "The successful launch of Gaojing-1 marks that domestic commercial remote sensing satellites have officially entered the international first-class ranks." Zhang Xiaomin, deputy general manager of Aerospace Dongfanghong Satellite Co., Ltd. said.

　　For the general public, the most intuitive feeling is that the satellite is smaller and smaller. Taking crop monitoring as an example, it can not only identify the growth of crops, but also distinguish the subtle differences of crop colors in different periods. Compared with ordinary remote sensing satellites, the clarity is like the difference between high-definition TV and ordinary TV.

　　This special feature determines that Gaojing-1 is different. "It can not only collect more delicate details of ground objects, but also be suitable for high-precision map making, change monitoring and impact depth analysis. It can also shoot in a large width, which has unique advantages for large-area surface observation and environmental monitoring." Zhang Xiaomin said.

　　Small expert in space "gymnastics"

　　Resolution is only one of the parameters to measure the level of a satellite. For the satellite, it is also very important to make a large-angle attitude turn according to the actual needs, and quickly restore stability, image the target, and then obtain high-quality images.

　　To realize this feature, the satellite needs to "turn fast" and "turn steadily". However, it is not easy to have both fish and bear’s paw. In order to rotate fast, the torque output by the satellite’s actuator has to be large, but the inertia is small when the torque is large, and the satellite is not easy to stabilize quickly, which can not provide the necessary attitude stability conditions for high-resolution imaging.

　　Gaojing-1, with a single star weighing only 500 kilograms, did it. Zhang Xiaomin said that Gaojing-1 adopted the newly developed variable-speed control moment gyro in China. In the past, the combination of momentum wheel and control moment gyro was used for satellite attitude control. Momentum wheel is like the open arms of a balance beam athlete. It can adjust or stabilize the attitude of the satellite by adjusting the speed of the internal high-speed rotating wheel. Although it has high accuracy, its strength is small and its adjustment speed is slow. The control moment gyro can adjust the attitude of the satellite by adjusting the direction of the rotating shaft of the high-speed rotating wheel, which can provide "the power of the wild" and speed up the adjustment, but the accuracy is slightly poor.

　　The variable speed control moment gyro combines the advantages of both, which can be used as both a control moment gyro and a momentum wheel. When working in the "control moment gyro" mode, the attitude of the satellite can be adjusted quickly, and when working in the "momentum wheel" mode, the satellite can be stabilized accurately, and it can also be switched smoothly between the two modes. In this way, in the aspect of attitude control, Gao Jing-1 is like an all-around space gymnast, who can "move like a rabbit" or "be quiet like a virgin" instantly.

　　The two satellites launched this time are only some members of the Gaojing No.1 family. According to the established plan, two satellites of Gaojing-1 Group 02 will be completed and put into the market before the middle of 2017. "Four commercial remote sensing satellite constellations with a spatial resolution of 0.5 meters are the first in the world." Xu Wen said.

　　The so-called constellation is a name relative to a single satellite. What is the significance of this multi-star combination? Xu Wen has a relatively popular explanation: the earth is turning, and the satellites are also turning. It usually takes several days for a single satellite to repeatedly observe the same feature. Because common remote sensing satellites operate in low orbit to ensure spatial resolution, the observation area is relatively small, and it is impossible to continuously observe the same place, so they can only take photos when passing over the point. With the constellation, it is easier to revisit the old place in a short time.

　　Xu Wen said that the design of Gaojing-1 constellation aims to solve two main problems, one is to repeatedly observe the same feature, and the other is to realize dynamic observation. In terms of disaster and environmental monitoring and forecasting, the 0.5-meter high-resolution remote sensing satellite constellation has more advantages. For example, when an earthquake occurs, it may take a day or two to receive the data of the disaster area. Now, after forming a constellation, it takes only one or two hours to know the situation of the disaster area.

　　According to the design, after the four remote sensing satellites with a resolution of 0.5 meters are networked and operated in 2017, they can revisit any place in the world once a day, which means that as long as the weather conditions are good, the landscape of any region in the world can be panoramic.

　　Going abroad will be expected.

　　Moreover, in terms of the number of satellites, types of earth observation, collection capacity, etc., the constellation will also have the international first-class level: the daily collection capacity will reach 3 million square kilometers, and it can cover ten domestic cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Chongqing, Shenyang, Chengdu, Xi ‘an and Wuhan) once every three days.

　　More importantly, thanks to the construction of constellations, the spatial resolution of Gaojing-1 will be increased from the current 0.5 meters to 0.4 meters or even 0.3 meters. This index will approach the highest level of commercial remote sensing satellites at present, that is, 0.31 meters.

　　Of course, this is only the first step. According to Yang Yike, director of the Aerospace Department of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Gaojing-1 is only the first star of the first phase of commercial remote sensing "16+4+4+X" system construction. According to the plan, the "16+4+4+X" commercial remote sensing satellite system will be built around 2022. The system includes 16 high-resolution optical satellites with 0.5m resolution, 4 high-end optical satellites, 4 synthetic aperture radar satellites and several remote sensing satellite constellations combined with hyperspectral and video satellites. After the system is finally completed, the daily collection capacity will reach 12 million square kilometers, and it can cover ten major cities in China once a day. With the all-weather and all-day observation ability of radar satellites, it can achieve hourly high-resolution remote sensing data acquisition.

　　Talking about the future of Gaojing-1, Xu Wen said that Gaojing-1 will be delivered to Beijing Aerospace Shijing Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., for data promotion. Satellites will provide high-quality services in land and resources investigation, surveying and mapping, environmental monitoring, etc., and may also be used in new markets — — Urban construction planning, real estate investment, industrial facilities evaluation, finance and insurance, Internet industry and many other aspects show their talents, providing satellite data for industry-level and individual consumer users. For example, in the insurance field, Digital Earth has worked together with its partners to help insurance companies quickly and accurately estimate losses after disasters.

　　"Thanks to the improvement of resolution, Gaojing No.1 can send back a large number of valuable high-definition remote sensing images as needed, bringing the public into the era of reading pictures in space." Xu Wen said.

　　On the basis of consolidating the domestic market, Gaojing No.1 will also actively go abroad. Xu Wen revealed that Gaojing-1 will provide global users with all-weather remote sensing data services and application system solution services, accelerate the transformation of existing domestic remote sensing satellites into "market business", and lead the marketization, industrialization and internationalization of independent remote sensing satellites. In the future, it will also provide high-quality remote sensing satellite data and value-added services to domestic and foreign customers. (Shen Hui)

　　"Looking for a long-term poor travel partner, you can travel all over China together."

　　"I really don’t want to go out to play alone again. Let’s find a partner in Shanghai and spend the weekend together in City walk, watching exhibitions, making an appointment for dinner and exploring shops ~"

　　"Find a partner, stroll, eat, walk the dog, and experience all kinds of new things!"

　　… …

　　Recently, the new social model of "socializing with children" has exploded among young people. It is understood that this is a social relationship that is briefly combined because of some common interests or needs, and has the characteristics of accuracy, verticality and shallow socialization. At the moment when life and work are fast-paced, it is sought after by many people.

　　The reporter searched on social platforms and found that people with similar interests can be found as long as they have social needs, from coffee making, eating, taking photos and traveling. As of October 30th, there were 6.78 million related posts on Little Red Book.

　　Why are people so keen on finding partners? What is the difference between "partners" and friends in the traditional sense? After a short period of "shallow socialization", will "partners" become friends?

　　one

　　"Partner" experience:

　　What friends don’t want to do and have no time to do,

　　I can find like-minded partners online.

　　The reporter interviewed many young people who had been looking for "social partners". In their eyes, "social partner" is a supplement to acquaintances — — The existing circle of friends can no longer meet their social needs, or get together with the same hobby. This new social relationship is simple and fast, and it is a precise companionship in a specific situation.

　　"Before the 11 th holiday this year, I wanted to travel in the wrong peak, and I planned to travel all over the West Sichuan Ring Road and meet my colleagues and friends around me. They almost had no free time." At that time, Xiao Xiao remembered that she had seen many netizens posting posts looking for "partners", so she searched for keywords such as "tourism partners", "September" and "West Sichuan Link" on social platforms. Finally, according to the tourist route, consumption level and safety, she chose two men and one woman, and the group hit it off quickly.

　　For Xiao D, who just graduated, "taking a child" is more like a transitional way in social life. She can find like-minded partners by posting on social media for things that her friends don’t want to do and have no time to do. "The first time I find ‘ Social partners ’ It was in June this year, when the Hello Nico band came to Shanghai to perform. I met another fan of the band on the Internet and decided to go together. " Xiao D told reporters, "Later, in the process of watching performances and eating, we were pleasantly surprised to find that we both graduated in the same year, and our personalities and hobbies are very compatible with each other. We all like to watch concerts and performances, so it is logical to ‘ Upgrade ’ For friends. "

　　"Find the ultimate postgraduate entrance examination, strive to study for more than 10 hours a day, and come ashore together!" After posting such a post in Douban Group, Xiao Xu immediately got a lot of replies. "Eight of us have built a WeChat group, and we have video and voice to learn together every day, report each other’s progress, and share the topics and resources of public classes. It feels particularly warm and has a driving force to learn."

　　Xu Mingzhu, a psychological counselor, believes that the popularity of the culture of "socializing with children" stems from people’s new demand for interpersonal relationships in group life. "At present, people’s fast pace of work makes their entertainment time staggered, and even if they make an appointment for dinner or travel, the time may not be unified, which leads to the ‘ Social partners ’ The demand, low cost and precise purpose enable young people to feel instant happiness. "

　　Based on precise personal interests and needs, the "partner" socialization has brought many strangers who had never met each other together. For example, "rice partners" mainly explore delicious food together, "tourism partners" need to have common favorite scenery and destinations, and "learning partners" need to maintain a high consistency of learning systems.

　　2

　　What is the charm?

　　Come as convenient as possible.

　　Don’t spend too much time and energy to maintain it.

　　The reporter learned that the popularity of "partner" socialization also stems from the simplification of interpersonal relationships and the reduction of communication costs. This kind of social relationship takes the common interests and hobbies of both sides as an opportunity, and there is no need to invest more money and feelings to maintain interpersonal relationships.

　　Xiao Xiao told reporters that she used to travel with colleagues and friends. As friends, she needed to accommodate each other and take care of their feelings and needs. "Travel partners" are oriented to "play". Everyone stays with each other during the trip, with a relaxed atmosphere, but a clear division of labor, and a short-lived intimate relationship with a sense of boundary is launched. "For example, there will be a special person to buy oxygen bottles and bags, rent snow chains, and the companions who can drive will be responsible for driving in turn. It is very pure and you don’t have to consider your own ‘ People set up ’ Don’t worry that your words and deeds will make your friends unhappy. " Xiao Xiao said.

　　Xu Mingzhu said that "partner" socialization has the characteristics of one-off and fast pace, which can significantly reduce the cost of behavior and social pressure. "In acquaintance socialization, people are often tired of spending time, energy and emotions to maintain multiple intimate relationships, and instead seek a social relationship that keeps a sense of distance among strangers. At the same time, in the face of such a person who may never meet again, young people will have more freedom and willingness to pour out their voices, which also meets our security needs to some extent. "

　　In fact, this is also a temporary "cut-off" of the original social links. "We can break the fixed image in the original social relationship and conduct private social display. Generally speaking, for example, a person who keeps an introverted and restrained image for a long time, it is difficult to change his image in front of his friends, so there is pressure to keep his role stable. In front of a stranger, he can switch images and roles at will and experience different social modes. "

　　"And ‘ Partner ’ With the goal of common hobbies and needs, young people can resonate at the same frequency in a specific situation, opening up social circles for young people now, getting to know people with different backgrounds and identities, and bringing a strong sense of excitement to social interaction. " Xu Mingzhu concluded that this is the reason why "socializing with children" attracts young people.

　　three

　　Risk warning:

　　"If the other party contacts with a trumpet,

　　And the circle of friends has also been blocked, so be careful. "

　　Xiao D told reporters that the successful experience of finding a partner for the first time made her look forward to this new social way, but she also encountered some problems in many subsequent attempts. She sighed with emotion that finding a social partner is like opening a blind box: "Maybe when I have the need to eat or go shopping, I will find one ‘ Partner ’ Immediately fill in, we are in a precise fit at a certain moment, and this kind of communication is both vertical and practical. But to develop into friends, we need a high degree of cooperation between the two sides. "

　　There are still many people who "spit" and said: "Lightning protection travel partner! The experience is very poor. Without the concept of time, complaining all the time is more tiring than going out to play alone! " "Looking for a postgraduate study, we agreed to punch in and study together. I didn’t expect to just inquire about the progress of the study, and I will never find a partner again." … …

　　In addition, security issues have become an unavoidable consideration. Recently, the topic of "a platform tourism partner is accused of being involved in pornography" has attracted a lot of attention. Some netizens found that such posts as "looking for a travel partner, all-inclusive expenses" usually indicate "girls only" and "each needs his own". In response, the platform responded that it has carried out a retrospective review of relevant notes, and once it is verified that there are violations, it will be dealt with seriously.

　　"After all, I am a stranger I met online. What if I am cheated away?" A netizen shared her experience with reporters. Before meeting with the "social partner" offline, she would make a detailed "inspection" of her circle of friends: "For example, if you see that the other party often forwards news, you will also send a lot of life photos and status, which will dispel some of my doubts; However, if the other party contacts me through the trumpet and the circle of friends is blocked, I will feel very unreliable. "

　　Despite the same interests and hobbies, in Xu Mingzhu’s view, there are still many unknowns in the "social interaction" based on the Internet. "People can play various roles on the Internet, looking for ‘ Partner ’ Sometimes it is difficult for us to have enough time or conditions to verify whether a person is really trustworthy, which will lead to hidden dangers in money, personal safety and so on. Therefore, we must improve our vigilance and awareness of protection, learn to distinguish between true and false information in the social process, and prevent falling into possible traps. "

　　One question is, will this fast and efficient social way of "socializing with children" aggravate the pace of life of young people? Will it have a negative impact on the social interaction of existing acquaintances?

　　"Once a person begins to seek ‘ Social interaction ’ It means that there are some problems in its original circle of friends, which can no longer meet its social expectations and needs. " Xu Mingzhu believes that from a long-term perspective, social relations need to pay attention to both "satisfaction" and "quality". "Young people need to maintain deep interpersonal relationships in real life while gaining instant social pleasure. In addition, many temporary ‘ Social partners ’ It may also be upgraded to a close partnership, which also provides more possibilities for young people to socialize deeply. "