Do everything possible to stabilize and expand employment (authoritative interview)

　　Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood. What is the significance of ensuring residents’ employment under the current international and domestic situation? In the next step, how should we continue to make efforts to ensure the employment of residents? To meet the needs of building a new development pattern, which reforms in the field of people’s livelihood should be accelerated? The reporter interviewed Liu Shangxi, president of China Academy of Fiscal Science.

　　Ensuring residents’ employment is a key link to do a good job of "six guarantees" and implement the task of "six guarantees", and the effect of employment priority policy has initially appeared.

　　Reporter: How do you view the importance of ensuring residents’ employment? What is the current employment situation?

　　Liu Shangxi: There are two main meanings in ensuring residents’ employment:

　　— — Ensuring residents’ employment is a key link to do a good job of "six guarantees" and implement the task of "six guarantees".

　　Employment is linked to economic development at one end and people’s livelihood security at the other. At present, wages are the main source of income of Chinese residents, and the protection of individuals and families still depends on labor income fundamentally. Only by keeping the market players can we effectively keep the employment of residents and the basic livelihood of the people. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "The normal production of enterprises can ensure the normal operation of the national economy, and create employment opportunities for everyone. If everyone has income, their families will be guaranteed."

　　Since the beginning of this year, the central and local governments have comprehensively strengthened measures to stabilize employment, and introduced a series of hard measures, such as increasing credit supply, reducing value-added tax, reducing some social security fees, and returning unemployment insurance premiums, which have maintained the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain, stabilized the economic market, and stabilized the "rice bowl" for thousands of households. From the main employment indicators, from January to August, 7.81 million new jobs were created in cities and towns across the country, completing 86.8% of the annual target tasks; The urban unemployment rate dropped from the peak of 6.2% in February to 5.6% in August. The effect of the employment priority policy has initially appeared.

　　— — Ensuring residents’ employment is an important aspect of building a new development pattern.

　　Employment leads to consumption and supply at the same time. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader proposed at the symposium of experts in the economic and social fields that "the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand should be improved, and a higher level dynamic balance should be formed between demand pulling supply and supply creating demand". The connection point and force point between supply and demand system is employment.

　　This is because, on the one hand, the overall stability of employment can improve residents’ income expectations and enhance their willingness to consume, which is the basic condition for expanding final consumption and stimulating domestic demand; On the other hand, it also provides support for improving supply. For example, individual industrial and commercial households, small and micro enterprises and other businesses aimed at market demand have better met the consumption needs of the people and prospered the domestic market; High-tech enterprises, manufacturing enterprises, etc. are constantly recruiting talents and talents, realizing benign interaction with high-skilled talents, and providing human capital support for China’s manufacturing towards China’s creation and China’s intellectual creation.

　　Stimulate the endogenous motivation of market players to protect residents’ employment and clear the obstacles for flexible employment.

　　Reporter: In the next step, how should we continue to make efforts to ensure the employment of residents?

　　Liu Shangxi: At present, China’s economic development has improved steadily, the order of production and life has been steadily restored, the resilience and vitality of development have been further demonstrated, and people’s livelihood has been strongly guaranteed. But globally, the epidemic is still developing. The international economic situation is still complicated and severe, with great instability and uncertainty. In this case, we should estimate the difficulties more fully and think about the measures to solve the problems more comprehensively and in the long run.

　　In the early stage, in response to the impact of the epidemic, we introduced a series of fiscal and monetary policy measures. Next, we should use reforms to stimulate the endogenous power of the market. The same should be true for ensuring residents’ employment.

　　To ensure the internal force of residents’ employment, we must first clarify two concepts — —

　　First, look at the number of jobs, but also look at the employment status. At present, individual industrial and commercial households, micro-enterprises and other flexible employees have accounted for about half of the employed population in cities and towns in China, such as anchors with goods, network car drivers, etc. They are both laborers and suppliers. In formulating employment policies in the future, we should not only look at the fixed employees, but also take into account these flexible employees, and at the same time improve the synergy with the expansion of consumption policies and promote the adaptation of supply and demand.

　　The second is to create jobs and create an environment. Protecting residents’ employment is not simply to create jobs by expanding investment to stimulate the economy, or to directly contribute to the purchase of jobs. In the long run, it is still necessary to deepen the reform of economic system to improve the allocation efficiency of labor production factors, so that people can flow smoothly and make the best use of their talents. At the same time, we should constantly optimize the business environment, promote and nurture more "golden seeds" of enterprises to grow into towering trees with the fertile soil of market economy. It is imperative to sort out the existing rules and regulations as soon as possible to remove obstacles for flexible employment.

　　To ensure residents’ employment and increase their internal strength, we must grasp three grasping hands — —

　　First, attach importance to migrant workers. A large number of migrant workers wander between urban and rural areas, most of them have unstable jobs and incomes, and they also face difficulties in labor skills training and enjoying basic public services in cities. This affects their personal ability and income, and at the same time increases the labor cost of enterprises, reduces the efficiency of human capital accumulation in the whole society, and inhibits the total social demand. To investigate the employment problem in the future, we should not only look at the adequacy of employment, but also pay attention to the stability and equality of employment of migrant workers.

　　The second is to attach importance to small and micro enterprises. Small and micro enterprises are the main battlefield to attract employment. In the long run, supporting small and micro enterprises and encouraging entrepreneurship and innovation is an important measure to promote China’s economic development. To help small and micro enterprises grow up, monetary policy and fiscal policy need to intensify precision drip irrigation. At the same time, it is necessary to promote reform and strengthen services, encourage the development of private banks, expand inclusive finance, industrial chain finance and digital finance, and solve the problem of financing difficulty and high cost for small and micro enterprises.

　　The third is to make good use of new occupations and new posts such as new economy and new platform. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the National Bureau of Statistics recently released nine new occupations, including new occupations such as "blockchain engineering technicians" and "Internet marketers", and new jobs such as "live salesmen" and "Internet information auditors", all from the new economy and new platforms. The Internet has spawned a variety of entrepreneurial employment models, and online marketing such as live broadcast with goods has covered more than 800 million users. The development of digital technology has greatly expanded the space for us to smooth supply and demand and solve the employment problem. We should dare to use, make good use of and make good use of these new occupations and posts.

　　Continuously improve people’s livelihood and provide a strong impetus for accelerating the formation of a new development pattern.

　　Reporter: To meet the needs of building a new development pattern, which reforms in the field of people’s livelihood should be accelerated?

　　Liu Shangxi: Let the people live a good life is the starting point and the end result of all our work.

　　It is fundamentally for the benefit of the people of China and the people of the world to accelerate the formation of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. At the same time, accelerating social reform in the field of people’s livelihood and continuously improving people’s livelihood can also provide a strong impetus for accelerating the formation of a new development pattern.

　　— — Accelerate the construction of a fairer and more sustainable social security system, establish a unified basic pension and basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents, transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund, effectively protect the basic livelihood of the people, improve their consumption expectations, and help smooth the domestic cycle.

　　— — Accelerate the integration of urban and rural compulsory education, promote education equality and encourage the development of private education. Improve the fairness of children’s starting point between urban and rural areas, narrow the gap between urban and rural population in ability and wealth, accelerate the accumulation of human capital, and create conditions for narrowing the distribution gap in development.

　　— — Accelerate the reform of science and technology system and promote the growth of talents. The total number of scientific researchers in China ranks first in the world, which is the most precious resource. We should continue to deepen the reform of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services in the field of science and technology, give scientific research institutions legal autonomy, give them more time and energy to concentrate on research, enhance the endogenous motivation of scientific and technological innovation, and enhance industrial competitiveness and development initiative in the process of building a new development pattern.

　　— — Deepen the reform of the cultural system, clarify the boundaries of cultural undertakings and industries, promote cultural development through industrial development, and provide people with richer cultural products while enhancing cultural self-confidence and enhancing the international influence of Chinese culture.

　　— — Accelerate the reform of the household registration system, liberalize and relax the conditions for urban settlement, deepen the reform of facilitating government services, solve the problem of registering household registration for people without household registration, and improve the efficiency of labor factor allocation.

　　— — Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, promote the matching between the central and local powers, financial resources and capabilities, rationally allocate the expenditure responsibilities among governments at all levels, and strengthen the financial responsibility of the jurisdiction; Deepen the reform of the transfer payment system, let "money go with people", public services go with people, and government investment go with people, so as to provide support for the free flow and efficient allocation of labor factors and the development of people themselves; Strengthen the reform in long-term budget, and provide guidance and guarantee for the reform in other fields.