In order to further improve the production capacity of China’s staple oil, increase the effective supply of edible vegetable oil and maintain a certain level of domestic self-sufficiency, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration have compiled the National Development Plan for the Production of Bulk Oil Crops (2016—2020Years). It is hereby printed and distributed to you, please promote the implementation of the plan in a solid way according to the actual situation.
Attachment: National Production and Development Plan for Bulk Oil Crops (2016—2020Year)
National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Agriculture, State Forestry Administration
2016yeareightmoon15sun
National development plan for the production of major oil crops (2016—2020Year)
introduction
Oilseed is an important agricultural product in China and an important raw material for edible vegetable oil and protein feed. In recent years, with the population growth, the improvement of living standards and the development of aquaculture, the demand for edible vegetable oil and protein feed has been increasing. However, due to many factors, the domestic oil production capacity has grown slowly, the gap between production and demand has widened, imports have increased, and the dependence on foreign countries has increased. China has become the world’s largest importer of edible vegetable oil and soybeans, and the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil is less than.40%There is an urgent need to further improve the domestic oil production capacity, tap the potential for increasing production and maintain a certain level of self-sufficiency. Among the edible vegetable oils in China, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil and tea oil account for more than 80%, and the planting scale accounts for.95%Above. Vigorously developing the production of these bulk oil crops is of great significance for ensuring domestic oil supply, meeting the consumption demand of urban and rural residents, maintaining market stability, promoting agricultural and rural economic development and increasing farmers’ income.
According to the spirit of a series of plenary sessions since the 18th CPC National Congress,2015Central Committee inoneDocument No.1 and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Forestry Administration and other relevant departments, compiled this plan. In accordance with the principle of overall consideration, highlighting key points and optimizing layout, the Plan focuses on four major oil crops, namely rapeseed, peanut, soybean and camellia oleifera. By building core production areas, strengthening scientific and technological support, improving support policies and other measures, efforts are made to break through production bottlenecks, guide all localities to do a good job in oil production and improve comprehensive production capacity. The planning base period is2014In, the planning period is2016－2020Years.
First, the development status quo
(A) fluctuations in production development
Since the founding of New China, the production of herbaceous oil in China can be roughly divided into four stages: rapid development, slow decline, steady development and fluctuating development.1949—1957Year is a stage of rapid development, with an area from16632Expand to 10,000 mu26397Ten thousand mu, growth59%Average annual growth6.0%; Output by709Ten thousand tons increased to1350Ten thousand tons, growth90%Average annual growth8.3%.1957—1977Year is a slow decline stage, and the area is from26397Drop to 10,000 mu16124Ten thousand mu, the output by1350Ten thousand tons fell to1040Ten thousand tons, respectively.39％、23%, the average annual decline.0.3%About.1977—2004Year is a stage of steady development, with an area of16124Increase to 10,000 mu32408Ten thousand mu, the output by104010,000 tons to4493Ten thousand tons, respectively.oneTimes,3.3Times, average annual growth.5.5%About.2004—2014Year is a fluctuating development stage, and the area is from32408Drop to 10,000 mu28487Ten thousand mu, reductiontwelve%, the average annual decrease.0.3%; Total output by4493Ten thousand tons fell to2007The lowest point in3633After ten thousand tons, nearfiveBasically stable in4350Ten thousand tons level. The pattern of oil production has been gradually optimized, and the dominant producing areas such as rapeseed, Hebei, Shandong and Henan peanuts, soybeans in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, and southern camellia oleifera have been formed.2014Area of winter rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin in.9905Ten thousand mu, output1302Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.88%; Northwest spring rapeseed area927Ten thousand mu, output105Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.8%; Hebei, Shandong and HenanthreePeanut saving area3249Ten thousand mu, total output932Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.47%、56.5%; Northeast China and Inner MongoliafourSoybean area in provinces and regions5100Ten thousand mu, output602Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.50%; Hunan, Jiangxi, GuangxithreeArea of Camellia oleifera in provinces (regions)3630Ten thousand mu, accounting for the whole country.66%.
——Rapeseed.Rapeseed production generally showed a slow growth trend. Before the reform and opening up, the planting area was2000～3500Wandering between ten thousand mu, the output is less than.200Ten thousand tons. After the reform and opening up2000Annual production increased rapidly,2000The annual area and output reached respectively.11241Wanmuhe1138Ten thousand tons, than1977Annual growth2.4Beihe8.7Times. After that, the fluctuation of production declined.2007Annual area and output decreased to8463Wanmuhe1057Ten thousand tons, respectively.2000Annual decrease25% andseven％。2007After the state introduced supporting policies and measures in, production resumed development and the area was continuous.sevenWith the annual increase, the output has increased steadily.2014Reach each year11382Wanmuhe147710,000 tons, both hitting the highest level in history.
——Peanuts.Overall, peanut production showed a steady growth trend. Before the reform and opening up, the peanut area was3000Ten thousand mu fluctuates up and down, and the output is in500Less than ten thousand tons. Reform and opening-up have developed rapidly since the beginning of this century.1995After the annual output exceeded 10 million tons for the first time,2000—2003Exceeded for four consecutive years130010,000 tons, with an area of758510,000 mu, a record high.2003Peanut planting declined in,2007Annual area and output are5917Ten thousand mu,1303Ten thousand tons, respectively.2003Annual decrease22% andthree％。2007Production resumed development in and achieved "six consecutive increases".2014The annual area and output are respectively6906Ten thousand mu,1648Ten thousand tons.
——Soybean.Soybean production generally showed a downward trend. Last century60The 1980 s was the peak period of soybean planting, with an average annual area of about.1.5100 million mu, up to1.9One hundred million mu, the output is ineight hundredAbout ten thousand tons.70After the 1990 s, soybean production declined slowly, with the lowest area only10036Ten thousand mu. Thanks to the increase in yield, the output is1000Ten thousand tons or so.1992—2009The annual production gradually recovered and reached the highest level in history, and the area and output rebounded to14386Ten thousand mu,1740Ten thousand tons. But then production declined year after year,2013Annual area reduced to10186Ten thousand mu, the output fell to.1195Ten thousand tons, neartwentyThe lowest in years.2014The annual area and output are respectively10200Ten thousand mu,1215Ten thousand tons, a slight increase over the previous year.
——Camellia oleiferaCamellia oleifera production since the last century50Started in the late 1990 s,90After the 1990 s, the planting area increased year by year.2008Enter the stage of rapid development after.2008Area of Camellia oleifera in China in.3400Ten thousand mu, Camellia oleifera seed yield100About ten thousand tons (tea oil)25Ten thousand tons).2014In, the planting area and seed yield of Camellia oleifera increased to.5470Ten thousand mu,200Ten thousand tons, than2008Annual increase1930Ten thousand mu,100Ten thousand tons.
(B) the constraints faced
oneThe space for area expansion is limited.China’s per capita arable land area and water resources are only the world average.40%、28%With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the area of cultivated land will continue to decrease. Under the condition of limited water and soil resources, it is difficult to develop grain production to solve the problem of eating and increase the supply of cotton, oil and sugar. In particular, some major agricultural provinces are both major oil producing areas and major grain producing areas, such as Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces, where winter wheat and rapeseed are the same season crops, and Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provinces, where corn and peanuts are the same season crops, the contradiction between grain and oil land use is prominent. In the case that ensuring national food security has become the primary task, the space for expanding the area of rapeseed, peanuts, soybeans and other bulk herbal oils is relatively limited. Camellia oleifera has high initial investment cost, long fruit-bearing period, insufficient farmers’ investment ability and slow area growth.
2The ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters is not strong.In recent years, the state has arranged to invest in the construction of a number of oil production bases in major producing areas, but the annual investment scale is limited. The built oil base is small in scope, narrow in coverage, weak in driving ability, low in engineering construction standards, and the oil production infrastructure is still weak, which has become the main bottleneck restricting the improvement of oil production capacity. For example, the irrigation and drainage facilities in rapeseed producing areas are insufficient, the projects are not matched, the irrigation and drainage efficiency is declining, and waterlogging disasters are prone to occur; There are many kinds of peanuts in sandy soil, dry sloping land and marginal land, which have low water and fertilizer conservation ability and poor cultivated land quality. The main oil-pressed soybean producing areas are mostly dry areas, and the irrigation water sources and facilities are lacking, so it is difficult to guarantee timely irrigation in key agricultural time.
threeThe selection of excellent varieties is slow.After the "double low" rapeseed, there are few excellent rapeseed varieties with high yield, stable yield and high resistance in China, and the yield level has not been significantly improved.2004The average yield per mu since has been in120Wandering around kilograms. At present, the outstanding problems faced by rapeseed varieties are the lack of early-maturing varieties suitable for planting in double-cropping rice areas, the long growth period of existing varieties, the lack of stubble connection and low yield per unit area; The cultivation of varieties suitable for machine harvesting is still in the research and experimental stage; Most of peanuts are self-reserved, and the varieties are seriously degraded, lacking varieties with good comprehensive properties such as yield, oil content and kernel yield; There are few varieties of soybean with high yield, high quality, special use and disease resistance, and the yield and oil content are not high.
fourMechanized production has yet to be broken through.No breakthrough has been made in mechanized harvesting technology of oilseeds, and the research and popularization of precision quantification, light simplification and mechanized production technology of rapeseed and peanut are lagging behind. For example, rape transplanting is still mainly manual, which requires a lot of labor and high cost, and the mechanized transplanting technology is still in the experimental stage. Harvesting machinery generally stays in the stage of imitation and assembly, the core components are imported, the mechanical performance is not high, the working efficiency, loss rate, service life, safety and comfort are quite different from those of imported machinery, and the functions are relatively single. Affected by factors such as slow cultivation of suitable varieties, backward mechanical properties and insufficient integration of agricultural machinery, the comprehensive mechanization level of cultivation and harvest of main oil crops is far lower than that of bulk grain crops. There are many kinds of camellia oleifera in areas with high mountains and steep slopes, and there is no professional machinery, so the harvesting cost is high.
fiveThe comparative benefit is low.Oil production is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In recent years, land costs and labor costs have risen rapidly, and the average annual increase in agricultural labor costs in some areas has exceeded.20%, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces have risen to per person per day.100Yuan, the proportion of labor costs in production costs rose to60%About. Compared with grain crops, the comparative benefit of oil planting is low and fluctuates greatly between years.2007—2014In, the purchase price of wheat increased from per catty.0.74Yuan rose steadily to1.25Yuan, increase69%Most of the net profit per mu is in100Yuan above, while the purchase price of rapeseed in the same period is from per catty.1.75Yuan rose to2.58Yuan, but the average net profit per mu fromeighty-fiveYuan down to2011Annual21Yuan,2012Since 2000, it has suffered losses year after year.90About yuan,2014The annual loss is up to142Yuan, farmers’ production enthusiasm is not high.
(3) The gap between production and demand has widened.
oneDemand is growing steadily.Affected by the increase of population, the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of income level, China’s vegetable oil consumption has grown steadily. In recent years, with the gradual popularization of scientific and healthy consumption patterns, the growth rate of edible oil consumption has slowed down. It is predicted that,2020National vegetable oil consumption ratio in2014Annual increasefour hundredAbout ten thousand tons. At the same time, with the improvement of people’s quality of life, the gradual improvement of consumption requirements, and the strict implementation of national quality standards for edible vegetable oil, while soybean oil continues to be the largest variety of edible vegetable oil, the consumption proportion of rapeseed oil and peanut oil has increased year by year.
2There is a big gap between production and demand.2014In, compared with the demand, the gap between production and demand of domestic oil-processing vegetable oil was about.1900Ten thousand tons. In the future, the consumption demand of vegetable oil will continue to grow, and there is still a big gap between production and demand. According to the calculation of existing domestic oil production capacity, it is estimated that2020The annual gap between vegetable oil production and demand is further expanded to2300Ten thousand tons. Besides,2014The gap between production and demand of protein cake processed by domestic oilseeds in was about3300Ten thousand tons, mainly through imports to make up. estimate2020The gap between production and demand of protein cake processed by domestic oilseeds continued to widen in.
threeImports continue to increase.Due to the shortage of domestic oil production, imports have been increasing in recent years.2014Imported rapeseed in.508Ten thousand tons, equivalent to the domestic rapeseed production.1/3, than2010Annual growth2.2Times; Soybean import714010,000 tons, made in China.5.9Times, a record high. Oil imports are generally stable,2014Palm oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil were imported respectively in.532Ten thousand tons,114Ten thousand tons and81Ten thousand tons, with2010The year was basically stable. At the same time, the fluctuation of oil prices in the international market has increased, such as the spot price of soybeans by2007Per ton at the beginning of the year275The dollar rose to2008yearsevenlunar547Dollars,2009At the beginning of the year, it fell to350Dollars,2013It soared to a ton in 2000.533Dollars. With the integration of domestic and international markets, the impact of price fluctuation in the international market on domestic oil production is becoming increasingly obvious, especially in recent years, the price of international edible vegetable oil is lower than that in the domestic market, and the price is upside down, which is very unfavorable to domestic oil production.
(D) Experience and enlightenment
oneCultivating breakthrough varieties is the key.Last century90In the 1990 s, the content of erucic acid and glucosinolate in rapeseed in China was high, the utilization rate of cake was low, and the development of rapeseed production was slow.1998In, the country started the construction of rapeseed production base, and vigorously promoted the newly cultivated "double low" rapeseed varieties of Zhongyou and Huaza series. The erucic acid and glucosinolate contents of rapeseed were respectively8%、40μmol/gDrop to5%、thirtyμmol/gBelow, the utilization rate of cake meal is improved, and the yield level is reduced from per mu90Raise the kilogram to120About kilograms, growth33%The income from rapeseed planting has increased significantly, which has mobilized farmers’ enthusiasm for production and promoted the development of rapeseed production nationwide. The sown area and output are respectively1997Annual9713Ten thousand mu,95810,000 tons, increased to2014Annual11382Ten thousand mu,1477Ten thousand tons, the growth rate is respectively17%、54%. Practice has proved that the cultivation of new oil varieties with high yield, high quality and multi-resistance and the research and popularization of supporting high-yield cultivation techniques play a very important role in promoting oil production.
2Improving production conditions is the guarantee.In order to improve rapeseed production capacity, from1998Since 2000, the state has arranged the central budget to invest in the construction of large-scale "double-low" rapeseed production bases in cities.2009Since, the annual investment scale of base construction has increased to2100 million yuan, the construction scope has gradually expanded to the main producing areas of oil-pressed peanuts and soybeans, and a number of oil production bases have been built, which has improved the infrastructure conditions and enhanced the ability of oil production to resist disasters and reduce disasters. At the same time,2009Since, the state has arranged funds in the central budget every year.2100 million yuan, to support the construction of Camellia oleifera production bases in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other major producing areas, to build and transform Camellia oleifera forests, and to strengthen the construction of improved camellia oleifera seedling breeding bases.
threeStable sowing area is the foundation.2000Since, the sown area of bulk oil crops in China has increased from3.25Drop to 100 million mu2007Annual2.75One hundred million mu,2014Recover to2.84One hundred million mu, the output has experienced accordingly.4123Ten thousand tons,3633Ten thousand tons and4340Ten thousand tons of fluctuation process. With the decline of sowing area, the yield of soybean decreased greatly.2000Years,2007Nianhe2014The annual soybean area is respectively1.4One hundred million mu,1.3YimuheoneOne hundred million mu, the total output are respectively1541Ten thousand tons,1273Ten thousand tons and1215Ten thousand tons. The area and output value of Camellia oleifera also increased with the increase of demand and price, achieving double growth. Practice has proved that to promote the stable development of oil production, it is necessary to ensure the stable planting area.
fourMobilizing farmers’ enthusiasm is fundamental.Farmers’ enthusiasm for production directly determines the increase or decrease of oil area, the quality of field management, and then affects oil production.2004—2006In, the comparative benefit of oilseed planting dropped sharply, among which the average cash income per mu of rapeseed was from254Yuan down to194Yuan, mu average net profit byeighty-fiveYuan down to2.8Yuan, dampened farmers’ enthusiasm for production, rapeseed planting area by1090710,000 mu quickly fell to8976Ten thousand mu.2007In, the state issued a series of policies and measures to increase support, and with the rising market price, the average profit per mu of rapeseed increased to.2008Annual308Yuan, rape area corresponding to restore to2009Annual10917Ten thousand mu. Because the yield of soybean is lower than that of rice and corn, and the planting benefit has been declining year after year, the average net profit per mu is from2008Annual178Yuan down to2014Annual41Yuan, so that farmers switch to corn and other high-yield and efficient crops, soybean area decreased. Due to the rising price of camellia oil, farmers have a higher enthusiasm for business and the area has increased steadily.
Second, the significance and potential analysis of developing the production of bulk oil crops
(1) Significance
oneIt is beneficial to meet the diversified edible oil consumption demand.In the coming period, China’s oil demand will show a steady and rising trend, and it is expected that2020The total consumption of rapeseed, peanut and soybean will reach.1.3Billions of tons. It is an important measure to stabilize the supply of edible vegetable oil in China to further accelerate the production of domestic oil crops and improve the level of oil self-sufficiency. Camellia oleifera and other woody oils have high unsaturated fatty acids content and high sales price, which are suitable for middle and high-end people to consume and can replace some imported olive oil to some extent.
2It is conducive to guiding the adjustment of agricultural structure and the improvement of soil fertility.Soybean planting can improve soil fertility, reduce fertilizer consumption and increase yield. Intercropping rape, soybean with wheat, corn and other crops can effectively reduce the harm of pests and diseases, increase soil fertility and increase production and income. Camellia oleifera and other woody oil plants use abundant forest land resources and do not compete with grain for land. Therefore, vigorously developing large oil crops in suitable areas can optimize agricultural structure, change development mode and improve agricultural quality and efficiency.
threeIt is conducive to promoting production cost reduction and efficiency increase and increasing farmers’ income.By improving oil production conditions, accelerating the research and development of new varieties with high yield, high quality and stress resistance, supporting cultivation techniques and agricultural machinery, and realizing the whole mechanization of oil production, the yield and oil content of bulk oil crops can be increased, the production cost can be reduced, the oil quality can be improved, and the income of farmers can be increased.
fourIt is conducive to promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas.The resource conditions in some poor areas are suitable for oil production such as camellia oleifera and rapeseed, and the planting benefit is good, especially in the southern mountainous areas, the average output value of camellia oleifera per mu can reach.2000～3000Yuan. Developing the production of characteristic oilseeds such as camellia oleifera and rapeseed in poverty-stricken areas according to local conditions can help farmers get rid of poverty, which is in line with the requirements of "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Fight against Poverty".
(B) production development potential
oneIt is still possible to recover the oil area.Under the premise of not affecting grain production, the planting area of bulk oil crops can be restored under certain conditions. At present, the winter fallow fields in the Yangtze River basin are aboutoneOne hundred million mu, suitable for planting rape about.4000Ten thousand mu, mainly concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, namely, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Guizhou, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, etc., can develop and grow rapeseed. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam for power generation, the number of beaches along the Yangtze River will increase, which can expand rape planting.1000About ten thousand mu. Soybean planting can be resumed in Northeast China.3000More than 10,000 mu. The farming-pastoral ecotone in the north is dry all the year round, so the area of low-yield corn can be appropriately reduced, grain and oil rotation can be implemented, and drought-tolerant peanut planting can be expanded.500Ten thousand mu.
2There is great room for the development of woody oil.Camellia oleifera and other woody oil plants do not compete with grain for land, which is one of the supplementary channels to increase oil supply. According to the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Woody Oil Industry",2020The planting area of woody oil-bearing tree species has increased from the existing1.2100 million mu developed to2100 million mu, producing woody edible oil150About ten thousand tons. At present,14The main producing provinces and regions of Camellia oleifera are about5000More than ten thousand mu of forest land is suitable for planting camellia oleifera.
threeThere is potential to improve the yield level.Compared with other major oil-producing countries, China’s bulk oil yield has much room for improvement. At present, the average yield per mu of soybean in China is only120Kg or so, lower than the world average.thirtyKg, lower than the main producing countries such as the United States, Brazil and Argentina.50More than one kilogram. Judging from the production level of different regions in China, the yield gap is not small. Average yield per mu of 10 million mu of soybean in Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation170The average yield per mu of high-yield demonstration films with a weight of more than 10,000 mu.200Kilogram; The average yield per mu of rape in Jiangsu Province has reached184Kg, higher than the national average yield per mu.forty-two%, higher than those in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces with similar conditions.48Kilogram sumthirtyKilogram. Average yield per mu of peanuts in China239Kg, but the average yield per mu in Henan and Shandong provinces exceeds290Kilogram. The newly built high-yield camellia oleifera forest can produce tea seeds per mu.200Kg, which is much higher than the current level.
fourThere is room for increasing oil content.Among the major oil crops, rapeseed and peanut have high oil content and great promotion potential. In recent two years, the oil content of most rapeseed varieties approved by the state is43%Above, many varieties have reached50%, higher than the current large-scale promotion varieties.sevenPercentage points, in addition to a batch of oil content.60%The above spare parts system. The oil content of peanuts was obviously improved and a batch was bred.55%High-oil varieties, higher than the current large-scale promotion varieties.fivePercentage points. There is still room for improvement in soybean oil content in Northeast China. With the popularization and application of new varieties, new technologies and new processes, the oil content of Camellia oleifera seeds can be improved.2More than one percentage point.
Third, the overall requirements
(A) the guiding ideology
Thoroughly implement the Party’s 18th National Congress and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th National Congress and the Central Committee.oneUnder the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, and in accordance with the general requirements of promoting agricultural modernization, the spirit of document No.1, the production of grain and oil crops should be coordinated. On the premise of ensuring food security, with the goal of maintaining a certain self-sufficiency level of domestic edible vegetable oil, we should focus on stabilizing the area, optimizing the structure, focusing on yield per unit area, improving quality and increasing efficiency, make efforts to strengthen policy guidance and support, mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for planting, rationally utilize cultivated land and forest resources, and strive to increase the oil area; Efforts should be made to improve infrastructure conditions, enhance the ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters, accelerate the research and popularization of improved varieties and good methods, and improve the level and quality of yield per unit area; Efforts should be made to strengthen the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, improve the mechanization level of the whole production process of major oil crops, and realize cost reduction and efficiency increase; Efforts will be made to promote industrialized operation, improve the degree of organization and scale, and promote the sustained and stable development of oil production.
(2) Basic principles
——Make overall plans and give prominence to key points.According to the restrictive factors in increasing the yield of rapeseed, peanut and soybean, combined with the "National Master Plan for High-standard Farmland Construction", focusing on farmland construction, we should take multiple measures and comprehensively implement policies to improve production conditions and improve comprehensive production capacity. Camellia oleifera planting should adhere to local conditions, suitable land and trees, and pay equal attention to new high-yield forests and transformation of low-yield forests.
——Optimize the layout and adjust the structure.On the premise of not affecting grain production, we should comprehensively consider the conditions of water and soil resources and the basis of industrial development, optimize the layout of oil production, and build the core production areas with high and stable yields in a concentrated and contiguous manner. Further adjust the structure of oil-bearing varieties, and accelerate the promotion of "double-low" high-quality rapeseed, special peanuts, new varieties of high-oil soybeans and high-yield clones (varieties) of Camellia oleifera. Promote the grain-oil rotation system according to local conditions, develop woody oil-bearing tree species suitable for planting in different regions, and increase the oil-bearing area.
——Focus on yield per unit area, save costs and increase efficiency.Adhere to the road of connotative development, strengthen scientific and technological support, strengthen the research on breakthrough varieties suitable for machine harvesting and supporting high-yield cultivation techniques and special agricultural machinery (tools), vigorously promote the opportunity of good varieties and good methods, speed up the pace of mechanization in the whole production process, reduce production costs, tap the potential of increasing production, promote large-scale and industrialized production and management of oil materials, and improve economic benefits.
——Policy guidance and market regulation.We will improve support policies, further adjust the structure of fiscal expenditure, fixed assets investment and credit supply, increase support for bulk oil production, and build an input support mechanism to promote oil production. On the basis of giving full play to the role of market mechanism, we should strengthen market regulation, ensure reasonable income, maintain basic market stability and protect farmers’ enthusiasm for production.
(3) Development goals
Combined with the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016—2020), further adjust and optimize the planting structure, appropriately expand the area of bulk oil, and steadily improve the yield level. arrive2020In, we will strive to reach the planting area of rapeseed, peanut, soybean and camellia seed.fourAbout 100 million mu, total output5980Ten thousand tons, respectively.2014Annual increase6242Ten thousand mu,1440Ten thousand tons. Among them, rapeseed area and yield should be achieved respectively.1.2One hundred million mu,1620Ten thousand tons, than2014Annual increase618Ten thousand mu,14310,000 tons, the increase area is mainly the rice tanker production area in the Yangtze River basin; Peanut area and yield should be achieved respectively.7200Ten thousand mu,1870Ten thousand tons, than2014Annual increase294Ten thousand mu,22210,000 tons, the increase areas are mainly Huang-Huai-Hai corn-peanut rotation area and northeast farming-pastoral ecotone; Strive to restore the soybean area to1.4100 million mu, total output1890Ten thousand tons, respectively.2014Annual increase3800Ten thousand mu,67510,000 tons, the increase area is mainly the rotation of corn and soybean in Northeast China and the conversion of low-yield corn to soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai area: the seed area of Camellia oleifera is expanded to7000Ten thousand mu, Camellia oleifera seed yield600Ten thousand tons, respectively.2014Annual increase1500Ten thousand mu,four hundredTen thousand tons. The comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation and harvest of main oil crops has improved.fiveMore than 10 percent, of which the level of mechanized harvesting of rapeseed was significantly improved. Through the improvement of the productivity of the four major oil crops, the edible vegetable oil was increased by about.230Ten thousand tons, the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil increased.three～fivePercentage points, and strive to achieve40%.
Development goal of bulk oil production
Four, the main construction tasks
In view of the main factors restricting oil production at present, the main tasks of bulk oil production capacity construction in the future are: improving farming system, vigorously promoting grain-oil rotation, developing and utilizing the resources of winter fallow fields and barren hills and slopes in southern China, and striving to expand oil planting area; Accelerate the breeding of breakthrough varieties such as early maturity and suitable for mechanical harvesting, support high-yield cultivation techniques and research and development of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery (tools), realize the matching of improved varieties and good methods, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, improve the yield per unit area and reduce labor costs; Strengthen the construction of core production bases, improve infrastructure and material equipment conditions, and improve the scale, standardization and mechanization level of oil production.
(1) Appropriately expand the planting area
Make full use of light and mild water and soil resources, encourage farmers to develop and use winter fallow fields in the south to plant winter rapeseed, steadily expand spring rapeseed planting in the north, and strive to increase rapeseed planting area. Promote reasonable crop rotation and intercropping and other planting methods to expand the area of soybeans and peanuts. Develop and utilize the sandy soil cultivated land in the north and expand the peanut planting area according to local conditions. Use barren hills and slopes to build new Camellia oleifera forests and increase the planting area of Camellia oleifera.
(B) efforts to improve the level of yield.
First, speed up the breeding of breakthrough varieties. Strengthen the construction of scientific research capacity of oilseed breeding, deepen the joint research of major national soybean varieties, fully tap the potential of germplasm resources, improve the research and development level of new varieties, and accelerate the cultivation of new rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, such as high yield, consistent maturity, concentrated pod setting, close planting, cracking resistance and lodging resistance, early-maturing rapeseed varieties suitable for planting in double-cropping rice areas in southern China, and peanuts with high yield, high oil content, special use, drought tolerance, salt tolerance and strong disease resistance. The second is to study and popularize high-yield cultivation techniques and promote the matching of improved varieties and good methods. Strengthen technical guidance, guide farmers to implement standardized and standardized planting, and improve the rate of technology in place. Focus on promoting reasonable close planting, mechanical harvesting, simple cultivation and other technologies of rapeseed; Focus on popularizing precision sowing, mechanized harvesting and plastic film mulching techniques for peanuts to improve the level of commercial seed supply; Soybean focuses on the promotion of narrow row and close planting, seed coating and other technologies. The third is to improve production conditions and improve the ability of disaster prevention and sustainable development. The fourth is to speed up the breeding and propagation of high-yield camellia oleifera varieties, meet the needs of new construction and transformation of camellia oleifera bases, speed up the transformation of existing low-yield forests, and increase the yield of camellia oleifera seeds.
(3) Promote the mechanization of the whole production process.
Strengthen the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, speed up the research and development of advanced, applicable, energy-saving and environmental-friendly, economical and efficient oil planting and harvesting machinery (tools), vigorously promote the mechanization of the whole production of major oil crops, and give full play to the important role of agricultural machinery in saving costs and increasing efficiency and improving quality and increasing production. Actively develop agricultural machinery service organizations such as large agricultural machinery households and agricultural machinery cooperatives, establish and improve the socialized agricultural machinery service system, encourage cross-regional subsoiling and soil preparation, machine sowing and harvesting, and provide specialized and large-scale agricultural machinery services for oil production.
(4) Improve oil content and oil yield.
Accelerate the popularization of existing high-quality and high-oil varieties, further strengthen the breeding of high-oil varieties, promote the upgrading of varieties and improve the oil content of crops. At the same time, strengthen the technical transformation of oil processing enterprises and adopt advanced processing technology and equipment to improve the oil yield.
Five, the regional layout and the task of increasing production by variety and division
Screening from the dominant producing areas of rapeseed, peanut and soybean514A large production county as the core area of production capacity building. Among them, the average annual planting area of rapeseed and peanut producing counties.10More than 10,000 mu, the average annual planting area of soybean producing counties.15More than 10,000 mu. The key area of Camellia oleifera planting is the National Camellia Oleifera Industry Development Plan (2009—2020Years) ".519A county. according to2020The development goal of oil production in 2008 is to determine the task of increasing production in the core area and other areas respectively.
(1) Rapeseed
Dominant rapeseed producing areas include winter rapeseed producing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, winter rapeseed producing areas in the southwest and spring rapeseed producing areas in the northwest. In the above-mentioned advantageous producing areas, rapeseed planting area is selected.10More than ten thousand mu356A production county as the core area. Strive to achieve2020In, the sown area and yield of rapeseed in the core area reached respectively.8700Ten thousand mu,1100More than ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.73% andsixty-eight%, respectively, than the current increase.618Ten thousand mu,143Ten thousand tons.
oneWinter rape producing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Xinyang, Henan. The region belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine and heat, and no severe cold in winter, which is suitable for the growth of winter rape. Cultivated land area in the above provinces and regions2.28100 million mu, rapeseed planting area6800Ten thousand mu, output880More than ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.60%It is the largest and most concentrated producing area of rapeseed in China. Among them,10More than ten thousand mu212Sowing area of a large production county5350Ten thousand mu, output649Ten thousand tons, accounting for the region’s.79%and74%.
The main restrictive factors of rapeseed production in this region are: first, the degree of mechanization of production is low. Varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and advanced and applicable machines are still in the research stage. The level of mechanical harvesting of rapeseed is low, and harvesting mainly depends on manual labor, which is labor-intensive and high in production cost. Second, there is a lack of early-maturing and high-yield varieties and supporting cultivation techniques. Growth period of existing main varieties220Days or so, and the interval between late rice harvest and early rice transplanting in double cropping rice area is onlyone hundred and eighty Days, stubble shortage, insufficient growth period of rapeseed, low yield per unit area and low utilization rate of winter fallow fields; Third, rapeseed is prone to meteorological disasters such as drought, waterlogging and freezing during sowing, transplanting, wintering and harvesting, which directly affects the yield formation.
The main direction of rapeseed production in this region: speed up the research and development, approval and promotion of new varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and supporting harvesting machinery (tools), improve the facilities such as mechanical ploughing roads, facilitate mechanical field operation and improve the level of production mechanization; Pay close attention to cultivating varieties with short growth period and developing and utilizing winter fallow fields; Popularize high-yield cultivation techniques such as reasonable close planting to improve the yield level; Strengthen the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities and improve the irrigation and drainage support capacity. Strive to achieve2020In, the sown area and yield of rapeseed in this region reached respectively.7000Ten thousand mu,940More than ten thousand tons, of which212The area and output of each production county reached.5600Ten thousand mu,seven hundredMore than ten thousand tons.
2Southwest winter rape producing area.Including Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing, Shaanxi and other provinces (cities), the climate in this area is warm, the effective accumulated temperature is high, the air is humid, there are many clouds and rainy days, and the relative humidity is high. Cultivated land area in the above provinces and cities8000About ten thousand mu, rapeseed planting area.3400Ten thousand mu, output460Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.thirty percent. Among them,10More than ten thousand mu125Rapeseed area in three major producing counties2190Ten thousand mu, output310Ten thousand tons, accounting for the region’s.64%and68%.
The main restrictive factors of rapeseed production in this region are: except Chengdu Plain, most areas are hilly and mountainous, and the plots are relatively fragmented, and rapeseed planting is scattered, which is not conducive to mechanized production; Farmland water conservancy facilities are weak, water storage facilities are insufficient, irrigation and drainage capacity is not strong, hilly land is prone to drought, and low-lying land is prone to waterlogging.
The main direction of rapeseed production in this region: strengthening land improvement and terrace renovation, and building centralized and contiguous production bases; Accelerate the research on varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and small and multifunctional harvesting machinery suitable for local characteristics, improve facilities such as mechanical ploughing roads, and improve the level of mechanization; Strengthen the construction of water storage and drainage facilities according to local conditions and improve the conditions of farmland water conservancy facilities. arrive2020In, the sown area and yield of rapeseed in this region reached respectively.3700Ten thousand mu,520More than ten thousand tons, of which125The area and output of each production county reached.two thousand and five hundredTen thousand mu,370More than ten thousand tons.
threeNorthern spring rape producing areas.Mainly including Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions), rape production is a one-year cropping system. Rapeseed planting area in this area900Ten thousand mu, output100Ten thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.8%, the average yield per mu is about110Kilogram. Among them,10More than ten thousand mu19Rapeseed area in three major producing counties530Ten thousand mu, output65Ten thousand tons, accounting for the region’s.59%and65%. This area has long sunshine time, less rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night, which is suitable for crop oil accumulation and improved seed breeding. Rapeseed is also a traditional cash crop in this area, with high oil content, mechanized production level and yield per unit area.
The main limiting factors of rapeseed production in this region are insufficient irrigation water, and the existing varieties are not cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant. The main direction of rapeseed production is to do a good job in breeding and popularizing drought-resistant and cold-resistant varieties, improve farming system and expand planting area; Strengthen the construction of rainwater storage facilities and water-saving irrigation facilities, rationally develop irrigation water sources, and improve irrigation guarantee rate. arrive2020In, the sown area and yield of rapeseed in this region reached respectively.nine hundred and seventyTen thousand mu,120More than ten thousand tons, of which19The area and output of each production county reached.610Ten thousand mu,80More than ten thousand tons.
(2) peanuts
The dominant producing areas of oil-pressed peanuts mainly include Shandong, Henan and Hebei.threeProvincial and perennial sown area3200Ten thousand mu, total output900More than 10,000 tons, accounting for about half of the country. Average yield per mu280Kg, higher than the national average yield per mu.1/4. The main restrictive factors of peanut production are: first, the lack of high-quality, special and high-oil varieties, and the average oil content of peanuts is only45%Left and right; Second, due to the large amount of seeds (per mutwenty～25Kg), the cost of using seeds is high, and farmers mostly use self-reserved seeds, which affects the popularization and application of new varieties. In addition, peanut is a conventional variety, with low seed propagation coefficient and low profit, and the enterprise’s breeding enthusiasm is not high; Third, there are many kinds of peanuts in barren land, with poor quality of cultivated land, insufficient irrigation water, frequent droughts and weak ability to resist disasters and reduce disasters.
In the abovethreeSelect planting area in the province10More than ten thousand mu97As a core area, a peanut production county should tap the potential of sandy soil and other resources and expand the planting area without affecting grain production; Strengthen the cultivation and popularization of high-yield, high-oil and special new varieties, improve the level of commercial seed supply, and accelerate the upgrading of varieties; Popularize high-yield, cost-saving and efficient cultivation techniques such as plastic film mulching, soil fertilization, machine sowing and harvesting, and improve the yield level and management efficiency; Strengthen the construction of field facilities such as water-saving irrigation and tractor-ploughing roads, improve production conditions and improve comprehensive production capacity. arrive2020In, the planting area and yield of peanut in the core area reached respectively.two thousand and five hundredTen thousand mu,seven hundredMore than ten thousand tons, increased respectively.150Ten thousand mu,50Ten thousand tons, accounting for the national new capacity.1/4; The sown area and yield in other areas are respectively4700Ten thousand mu,1170More than ten thousand tons, increased respectively.144Ten thousand mu,170Ten thousand tons, accounting for the national new capacity.3/4.
(3) Soybean
The dominant soybean producing areas are mainly in the three northeastern provinces and eastern Inner Mongolia, with perennial planting area.5000Ten thousand mu, output600Ten thousand tons, accounting for about half of the country. The region and American soybeans—The corn belt is similar in latitude, and belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the middle and cold temperate zones, with the same season of rain and heat, large temperature difference between day and night, sufficient sunshine, more arable land per capita, larger planting scale per household, higher level of mechanized operation and higher commodity rate of soybeans. The main restrictive factors of soybean production are: first, frequent droughts affect timely sowing and normal flowering and pod setting; Second, the popularization rate of high-yield, high-quality, special varieties and supporting cultivation techniques is low, the yield level is not high, the problem of mixed cropping and mixed harvest is prominent, and the consistency of products is poor; Third, replanting is more common, and pests and diseases are heavier.
In the abovefourIn the province (region), select the planting area.15More than ten thousand mu61As the core area, a major soybean production county will give full play to the production advantages of non-GMO soybeans, speed up the breeding and promotion of new varieties with high yield, high quality and special use by improving farmland water conservancy facilities, promote high-yield cultivation techniques with reasonable close planting as the core, promote regionalization, scale, standardized production and industrial management, and improve the yield level and planting efficiency. Carry out soybean and corn rotation system to reduce the harm of continuous cropping and expand soybean area. arrive2020In, the soybean planting area and yield in the core area reached respectively.5000Ten thousand mu,770More than ten thousand tons, increased respectively.eight hundredTen thousand mu,185Ten thousand tons, accounting for the national new capacity.2/3; The sown area and yield in other areas are respectively6500Ten thousand mu,730More than ten thousand tons, increased respectively.500Ten thousand mu,100Ten thousand tons, accounting for the national new capacity.1/3.
(4) Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleifera planting is mainly distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou, Anhui, Yunnan, Chongqing, Henan, Sichuan and Shaanxi.14Province (region),2014In, the area of Camellia oleifera in the above provinces and regions5470Ten thousand mu, Camellia oleifera seed yield200Ten thousand tons, the average yield per mu.36Kg, of which Jiangxi, Hunan and Guangxi provinces account for the total area of Camellia oleifera in China.66%. The main restrictive factors of Camellia oleifera production are: large investment in the early stage of new afforestation, long growth cycle, extensive management of old Camellia oleifera forest, low yield level, and urgent need for transformation; Mechanized research and development progress is slow and the production cost is high.
According to the National Camellia oleifera Industry Development Plan (2009—2020Years), Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi.threeProvincial (district)271Counties (cities, districts) are the core development areas, including Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou, Anhui and Guangxi.sevenProvincial (district)248Counties are active development areas. Strive to achieve2020In, the area of Camellia oleifera in key areas reached.6300Ten thousand mu, the output reached.567More than 10,000 tons, new capacity396Ten thousand tons; The cultivated area and yield in other areas are respectivelyseven hundredTen thousand mu,63Ten thousand tons, new capacity.forty-fourTen thousand tons, accounting for the whole country.10%.
In addition, while vigorously developing the production of major oil crops, we should guide and encourage suitable areas to develop the production of small varieties of oil crops such as sesame, oil sunflower, walnut and almond according to local conditions, actively and steadily expand the planting area, improve crop varieties, improve the production level, increase the total output of oil crops through multiple channels, and realize the diversification of oil supply.
VI. Key Construction Projects
According to the source composition of edible vegetable oil in China, with the goal of increasing the supply of bulk oil, we will focus on strengthening the construction of scientific and technological support capabilities such as scientific research and breeding of improved varieties, research and development of agricultural machinery and tools, vigorously promote the construction of high and stable oil production bases, and create a number of centralized and contiguous oil production core areas with perfect facilities and advanced technology, which will promote the development of national oil production by radiation.
(A) field engineering construction of oil production base
Considering the financial situation and investment possibility of the central government, according to the principle of regional development and overall promotion, the whole country will be514As the focus of oil production capacity building, three major rapeseed, peanut and soybean production counties have improved field engineering facilities such as small-scale farmland water conservancy and added oil production bases.2200About ten thousand mu, improve the overall production level. Among them, the construction of high and stable oil production core demonstration base.1028Ten thousand mu (concentrated contiguous construction in each county)2More than 10,000 mu, the new grain production capacity of 100 billion Jin is within the planning scope.301A county,602Ten thousand mu). The key counties of varieties are rapeseed.356A peanut97Individual and soybean61A (100 billion Jin of new grain production capacity planning grain-producing counties are respectively182A,70Geheforty-nineA). Main construction contents: implement soil improvement project, level the land, build and improve field water conservancy projects, make up electromechanical wells, improve water-saving irrigation facilities, popularize the technology of changing soil with fertilizer and soil with soil, and accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland.
(B) Camellia oleifera forest construction
The core development area and the active development area519Counties, as the key areas for the future production capacity building of Camellia oleifera, will improve the production level by newly building and transforming Camellia oleifera forests, strengthening the cultivation of new varieties and the research and popularization of efficient cultivation techniques. The main measures include: at altitudeeight hundredBelow meters, relative height200Below meters, slope25Below, a new camellia oleifera forest will be developed in the barren hills and wasteland suitable for forest with deep soil layer; For the aged forests with poor varieties, chaotic forest conditions and serious pests and diseases, all of them adopt improved varieties and standardized regeneration afforestation to accelerate the improvement of stand structure; For the stands with vigorous growth but dominated by pure forests with inferior species and inferior plants, the stand density should be adjusted, the inferior species should be removed and the superior species should be retained, and the superior species should be grafted by high grafting and crown replacement, and the inferior species should be changed into good species; For the existing stands that have entered the full fruit stage, but have low yield due to uneven row spacing, different forest ages and neglect of management, reasonable tending management measures such as reclamation, replanting, thinning and fertilization should be taken to achieve high and stable yield in a short time.
(3) Construction of improved seed breeding system
First, on the basis of the National Oil Improvement Center and the National Soybean Improvement Center, we will further update and improve the research equipment conditions, strengthen the innovation ability of peanut breeding and the research ability of Camellia oleifera engineering technology, and improve the breeding level of excellent varieties. Second, according to the characteristics of oil crops, the distribution of production areas and the distribution of breeding technical forces, establish and improve the original seed, original seed breeding base and germplasm resource preservation base of oil crops nationwide, and provide high-quality seed sources for improved seed breeding. The third is to establish and improve the breeding base of improved varieties of bulk oil crops, especially to strengthen the supply capacity of improved varieties such as peanuts, soybeans and camellia oleifera with low propagation coefficient and slow popularization of improved varieties. Average construction scale of each improved seed production base.8000～ten thousandMu or so, the production of improved varieties to meet.thirtyDemand for more than ten thousand mu of seeds. Construction of designated ear-picking nursery and nursery for Camellia oleifera respectively.threeWanmuhe2Ten thousand mu.
(4) Full mechanized propulsion project
First, in view of the weak links such as single function, low quality level and unstable performance of oil production machines and tools, relying on some agricultural machinery research institutions, by improving infrastructure and scientific research instruments and equipment such as laboratories and test sites, we will build an open research and development platform, strengthen cooperation with agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises to tackle key problems, accelerate the research and development of sowing, plant protection and harvesting machines and tools for oil crops such as rape, peanuts and camellia oleifera, and improve the quality, performance and versatility of machines and tools. Second, in the main oil-producing areas, especially in the advantageous areas, select a number of large production counties with good mechanized service foundation and establish demonstration bases for oil production mechanization. By introducing, demonstrating and popularizing advanced and applicable new technologies and machines for mechanized production, we will break through key weak links, assemble and support the whole mechanized production system, strengthen technical training, strengthen demonstration and popularization, actively develop various agricultural machinery service organizations, carry out socialized services, and accelerate the development pace of mechanization of oil production.
Seven, economic and social benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment
(1) Evaluation of economic and social benefits
one. Economic benefits.Through the construction of high and stable yield oil base, we can improve the conditions of oil production facilities, accelerate the research and development of new varieties with high yield, high quality and stress resistance, supporting cultivation techniques and agricultural machinery, realize the mechanization of oil production in the whole process, improve China’s oil production level and increase oil supply. After the implementation of the project, it is expected that the soybean output will increase by the end of the planning period.675Ten thousand tons, peanuts increased.222Ten thousand tons, rapeseed increased.143Ten thousand tons, Camellia oleifera seeds increased.four hundredTen thousand tons. The implementation of the plan has good economic benefits.
2Social benefits.After the implementation of the plan, it can greatly improve the facilities and conditions of the high-standard oil production demonstration base, greatly improve the efficiency of oil production, promote the transfer of farmers in the base to non-agricultural industries, and then accelerate the land transfer and implement large-scale operation. By strengthening the construction of oil production conditions, the radiation-driven effect of the base can be brought into play and the local oil production can be driven by demonstration. The construction of demonstration base also promotes the development of agricultural employment and related industries to a certain extent, and the implementation of the plan has good social benefits.
(2) Environmental impact assessment
The construction of demonstration bases for oil production is mainly implemented in farmland, and necessary agricultural machinery (tools) are purchased. The development and utilization of water resources may have an impact on the environment and other economic and social water use. Therefore, water resources should be demonstrated, the degree of water resources development should be reasonably controlled, the water consumption for life, production and ecology should be coordinated, the reasonable irrigation water consumption should be determined, and the water resources balance should be maintained. Partial irrigation of farmland and drainage and water withdrawal will have an impact on river water quality, so it is necessary to do preventive work in advance. When building an oil production base in hilly areas, soil and water conservation measures such as changing slopes into ladders, changing ridges along slopes, and repairing plant belts should be adopted to prevent soil erosion caused by unreasonable farming methods and effectively protect soil and water resources. In addition, the use of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides has increased, which has a certain impact on the environment. Such as blind and excessive fertilization, will lead to agricultural non-point source pollution; Long-term single application of chemical fertilizer will acidify and harden the soil; The unabsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer enters the underground or surface water body, causing eutrophication of the water body; Excessive use of pesticides and herbicides will inhibit soil microorganisms, affect the activity of enzymes and the transformation of nutrients in soil, reduce soil fertility, and also endanger the quality of surface water or groundwater. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize soil testing and formula fertilization, apply fertilizer according to local conditions, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, improve the use efficiency, popularize efficient fertilization technology, apply it reasonably and deeply, change the traditional fertilization habits, cultivate new varieties resistant to pests and diseases, improve crop resistance, reduce the amount of pesticides, reduce the amount of pesticides, develop biological pesticides, and encourage the use of natural enemies for biological control, thus reducing the impact on the ecological environment.
Viii. Safeguard measures for planning and implementation
(A) to strengthen organizational leadership
All regions and relevant departments should unify their thinking, raise awareness, attach great importance to the production of bulk oil, and put the development of rapeseed, peanut, soybean and camellia oleifera production and ensuring the supply of edible vegetable oil as an important content on the agenda. It is necessary to strengthen organizational leadership, set up a leading group for planning and implementation, which is responsible for the competent leadership of the government and closely coordinated by relevant departments, coordinate the development of grain, oil and other cash crops, refine various measures to promote the development of bulk oil crops, and complete the construction tasks determined by the plan.
Relevant departments in the State Council should increase their support for the development of bulk oil, strengthen communication and cooperation, and steadily push forward the implementation of the plan. The Development and Reform Commission will do a good job in comprehensive coordination, the financial department will implement various funds to support oil production, and the agricultural and forestry departments will do a good job in production guidance and technical services, strengthen research on new varieties and technologies of oil, and accelerate the popularization and application of improved varieties and good methods. Agriculture (agricultural machinery), forestry, development and reform, industrial information and other departments should pay close attention to the research and development and industrialization of agricultural machinery and the mechanization of oil production. The water conservancy department shall guide the construction of water conservancy projects, rationally allocate water resources, and ensure the production water demand. The science and technology department is responsible for the scientific research of oil production, strengthening basic and public welfare research, and accelerating the progress and innovation of oil science and technology.
(2) Increase policy support.
Investment in the central budget, funds for comprehensive agricultural development, funds for land consolidation and development, funds for irrigation and water conservancy construction, etc., should actively tilt to the planned oil-producing counties and accelerate the construction of high and stable oil-producing bases. Increase subsidies for oil production, increase incentive funds for oil-producing counties, and directly use the incentive funds to develop oil production, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to grow oil and grass-roots governments to catch oil. Take a variety of ways to support insurance institutions to carry out oil crop insurance business. Explore the establishment of a diversified investment mechanism for oil production, implement policies such as interest subsidies for oil production loans and financial incentives, and build a policy support system for the integration of financial funds and credit funds. Encourage enterprises to invest in the construction of bulk oil production bases and attract social funds to invest in oil production. Innovate the investment mechanism, take the form of substituting awards for subsidies, encourage and support grass-roots governments and farmers to build small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities, especially actively use winter fallow fields and transform saline-alkali land to further improve oil production capacity. Encourage agricultural machinery manufacturers to upgrade around saving costs and increasing efficiency, focus on supporting the research and development of oil sowing and harvesting machinery, and accelerate the mechanization of oil production.
(3) Strengthening scientific and technological innovation and popularization and application.
Integrate oil research forces, make use of existing resources, build a basic and public welfare research and development platform, strengthen oil research work, accelerate oil scientific and technological innovation, and achieve new breakthroughs in varieties and technologies. Adhere to the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, adjust the target of variety breeding according to the needs of agricultural machinery operation, accelerate the breakthrough in the fields of varieties, supporting cultivation techniques and harvesting machines, and promote the mechanization of bulk oil production. Support the cultivation and industrialization of oil-bearing varieties on the basis of merit, and promote the breeding and industrialization of new oil-bearing varieties. Improve the new extension mechanism with agricultural extension agencies as the main body, scientific research units, universities, enterprises and agricultural socialized service organizations to participate extensively, improve the quality of agricultural extension personnel, and earnestly do a good job in oil technology extension services. We will carry out large-scale green high-yield and high-efficiency creation, select counties and cities with good basic conditions and great potential for increasing production to promote the whole system, demonstrate large areas to promote high and stable oil production, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
(D) Promoting industrialized operation
Guide the orderly circulation of land, strengthen land consolidation, and promote the centralized and contiguous planting of oil crops. Cultivate and develop farmers’ professional cooperative organizations, promote large-scale, standardized and specialized production of bulk oil, enhance the degree of organization, and implement unified management. According to the idea of promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, we will support a number of large-scale and high-level leading oil processing enterprises, enhance the ability of enterprises to drive farmers, guide processing enterprises to establish cooperative relations between production and marketing with farmers and cooperative organizations, vigorously develop order production, and realize the industrialized operation of oil. Support large producers and cooperative organizations to invest in oil processing enterprises, form a community of interests, and promote upstream and downstream cooperation in the industrial chain. Support oil processing enterprises to cooperate with scientific research units to form collaborative innovation in Industry-University-Research, increase investment in scientific research and production, and make breakthroughs in the fields of variety research and development, supporting cultivation techniques and harvesting machines as soon as possible. We will improve the new extension mechanism with agricultural extension agencies as the main body, and scientific research units, universities, enterprises and agricultural socialized service organizations will participate extensively, and actively provide farmers with improved varieties and technical services.
(5) Strengthen market regulation.
Strengthen the monitoring and analysis of oil production, consumption and import and export, and timely and accurately grasp the market dynamics of bulk oil and edible vegetable oil. Strengthen market price control, improve the price policy of rapeseed and soybean, ensure the benefit of oil planting and protect farmers’ enthusiasm for production. Give full play to the function of the futures market and guide new business entities to participate in futures trading. Further improve the central and local reserve systems, play a role in stabilizing the market and ensuring supply, and support large grain and oil processing enterprises to participate in commercial turnover reserves.
