上海后花园论坛|爱上海419论坛|上海龙凤419|上海品茶网

Measures for examination and approval of main crop varieties

(Order No.4 of 2016 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on July 8, 2016, Order No.2 of 2019 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on April 25, 2019 and Amendment No.2 of 2022 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on January 21, 2022 shall come into force on August 15, 2016)

Chapter I General Principles

the first In order to scientifically, fairly and timely examine and approve the main crop varieties, these measures are formulated in accordance with the Seed Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Seed Law).

the second These Measures shall apply to the examination and approval of major crop varieties in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Article The main crops mentioned in these Measures refer to rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybeans.

Article 4 The competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall take measures to strengthen the supervision and management of variety examination and approval. The competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at the provincial level shall improve the regional cooperation mechanism for variety breeding and approval, and promote the breeding and popularization of excellent varieties.

Chapter II Variety Approval Committee

Article 5 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has established the National Crop Variety Approval Committee, which is responsible for the approval of national crop varieties. The competent agricultural and rural departments of the provincial people’s government shall set up a provincial crop variety examination and approval committee to be responsible for the examination and approval of provincial crop varieties.

The crop variety approval committee shall establish approval files including application documents, variety approval test data, seed samples, approval opinions and approval conclusions to ensure traceability.

Article 6 Variety Approval Committee is composed of professionals in scientific research, teaching, production, promotion, management and use. Members should have senior professional and technical titles or positions at or above the division level, generally under the age of 55. The term of office is five years, and the re-election shall not exceed two terms.

Variety Approval Committee has 1 director and 2-5 deputy directors.

Article 7 The Variety Approval Committee shall set up an office to be responsible for the daily work of the Variety Approval Committee, with 1 director and 1-2 deputy directors.

Article 8 Variety Approval Committee shall set up professional committees according to crop types, and each professional committee shall consist of an odd number of 9-23 people, with 1 director and 1-2 deputy directors.

The provincial variety examination and approval committee may merge and set up professional committees for major crops with small planting area in this area.

Article 9 The variety examination and approval committee shall set up a chairman committee, which shall be composed of the director and deputy director of the variety examination and approval committee, the directors of various professional committees and the director of the office.

Chapter III Application and Acceptance

Article 10 Units and individuals applying for variety approval (hereinafter referred to as applicants) may apply directly to the National Crop Variety Approval Committee or the Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee.

Those who apply for variety approval of genetically modified main crops (excluding cotton) shall apply directly to the National Crop Variety Approval Committee.

If an overseas institution or individual without a habitual residence or business place in China applies for variety approval in China, it shall entrust a domestic seed enterprise with legal person status as an agent.

Article 11 An applicant may apply for national or provincial examination alone, or both, or apply to several provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government at the same time.

Article 12 Varieties applying for examination and approval shall meet the following conditions:

(a) artificial breeding or discovery and improvement;

(2) It is obviously different from the existing varieties (other varieties that have been approved or accepted by the variety approval committee at the corresponding level);

(3) The morphological characteristics and biological characteristics are consistent;

(4) The genetic traits are stable;

(5) Having a name that conforms to the Regulations on Naming Agricultural Plant Varieties;

(six) has completed the variety comparison test of the same ecological type area with more than two production cycles and more points. Among them, the application for national variety approval, rice, wheat, corn variety comparison test of not less than 20 points per year, cotton, soybean variety comparison test of not less than 10 points per year, or have a provincial variety approval test results report; To apply for provincial variety approval, the variety comparison test shall be no less than 5 points every year.

Article 13 To apply for variety approval, the following materials shall be submitted to the office of the Variety Approval Committee:

(1) An application form, including the crop species and variety name, the applicant’s name, address, postal code, contact person, telephone number, fax number, nationality, unit or individual for variety breeding (hereinafter referred to as breeder) and other contents;

(2) Variety breeding report, including parental combination and parental consanguinity, breeding method, generation and characteristic description of hybrid; Description of characteristics of varieties (including hybrid parents), standard pictures, suggested test areas and cultivation points; Main defects of varieties and problems that should be paid attention to;

(3) Variety comparison test report, including test varieties, undertaking units, resistance performance, quality, yield results, data of each test site and summary results, etc.;

(four) varieties and application materials authenticity commitment.

In addition to the materials specified in the preceding paragraph, the genetically modified main crop varieties shall also provide the following materials:

(1) Information about transformants, including the target gene and the specific detection method of transformants;

(2) License agreement of the owner of the transformed body;

(3) An agricultural genetically modified organism safety certificate obtained in accordance with Article 16 of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms;

(4) A testing report on the consistency between the target traits of transgenic plants and the characteristics of transformants issued by a technical testing institution with testing conditions and capabilities;

(5) Where a non-recipient variety breeder applies for variety examination and approval, it shall also provide the license or cooperation agreement of the recipient variety owner.

Article 14 The office of the Variety Approval Committee shall make a decision on acceptance or rejection within 45 days after receiving the application materials, and notify the applicant in writing.

In accordance with the provisions of Article 12 and Article 13 of these Measures, it shall be accepted, and the applicant shall be notified to provide experimental seeds within 30 days. For those who provide test seeds, the office will arrange variety tests. Failing to provide experimental seeds within the time limit shall be deemed to have withdrawn the application.

Those that do not conform to the provisions of Articles 12 and 13 of these Measures shall not be accepted. The applicant may state his opinions or make amendments to the application materials within 30 days after receiving the notice. If he fails to state his opinions or make amendments within the time limit, he shall be deemed to have withdrawn his application. If the amendment still does not meet the requirements, the application shall be rejected.

Article 15 The office of the Variety Approval Committee shall take standard samples from the experimental seeds provided by the applicant and submit them to the standard sample bank of plant varieties designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for preservation.

Chapter IV Variety Test

Article 16 Variety test includes the following contents:

(1) Regional test;

(2) production test;

(3) Variety specificity, consistency and stability test (hereinafter referred to as DUS test).

Article 17 National variety regional test and production test are organized and implemented by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, while provincial variety regional test and production test are organized and implemented by provincial seed management institutions.

The organization and implementation unit of variety test shall fully listen to the opinions of the applicants and experts for variety approval, rationally set up test groups, optimize the layout of test points, establish and improve the management system, scientifically formulate the test implementation plan, and announce it to the public.

Article 18 Regional trials should identify the high yield, stable yield, adaptability and stress resistance of varieties, and carry out quality analysis and DNA fingerprint detection. Detecting transgenic components of non-transgenic varieties; The authenticity of transgenic varieties was tested, and the consistency test report of transgenic target traits and transformant characteristics was verified.

The regional test of each variety takes no less than two production cycles, and the field test design adopts random block or comparison method. There are not less than 10 experimental sites in the same ecological type area at the national level and not less than 5 at the provincial level.

Article 19 After the completion of the regional test, in the same ecological type area, according to the main local production methods, the high yield, stable yield, adaptability and stress resistance of the varieties were further verified under the conditions close to field production.

The number of production test sites of each variety is not less than that of regional test sites, the planting area of each variety at a test site is not less than 300 square meters and not more than 3,000 square meters, and the test time is not less than one production cycle.

For varieties with outstanding comprehensive characteristics in the first production cycle, the production test can be carried out simultaneously with the regional test in the second production cycle.

Article 20 The control varieties of regional test and production test should be approved varieties popularized and applied in the same ecological type area at the same time, which have good representativeness.

The control varieties are put forward by the organization and implementation unit of variety test, confirmed by the relevant professional committees of the variety examination and approval committee, and replaced in time according to the needs of agricultural production development.

The provincial crop variety examination and approval committee shall report the reference varieties of provincial regional tests and production tests to the National Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee for the record.

Article 21 The undertaking unit of regional test, production test and DUS test shall have the qualification of independent legal person, with stable test land, instruments and equipment and technical personnel.

Technical personnel of variety test shall have college degree or above in relevant major or intermediate professional title or above, and relevant work experience in variety test, and receive relevant technical training regularly.

The identification of stress resistance shall be undertaken by the identification institution designated by the Variety Approval Committee, and the quality inspection, DNA fingerprint inspection and transgenic inspection shall be undertaken by qualified inspection institutions.

Units and individuals undertaking variety testing, testing and identification shall be responsible for the authenticity of the data.

The undertaking unit of genetically modified variety test shall take corresponding safety management and preventive measures in accordance with the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms and relevant laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules.

Article 22 The organization and implementation unit of the variety test shall, jointly with the office of the Variety Approval Committee, regularly organize the variety test inspection, check the test quality, appraise the performance of the tested varieties, and form an inspection report, and keep the on-site picture materials for the varieties showing serious defects in the field.

Article 23 The organization and implementation unit of variety test shall hold a summary meeting of variety test within 45 days after the end of each production cycle. The professional committee of the Variety Approval Committee shall determine whether to terminate the test, continue the test and submit it for approval according to the test summary results and test investigation, and the office of the Variety Approval Committee shall notify the applicant of the variety treatment results in time.

Article 24 The applicant has the ability to test and the test variety is its own variety, and can carry out the variety test by itself according to the following requirements:

(a) on the basis of national or provincial variety regional test, to carry out production test;

(2) If its own varieties belong to special-purpose varieties, it shall carry out regional tests and production tests on its own, and the production tests may be combined with the regional tests in the second production cycle. The scope and test requirements of special-purpose varieties shall be determined by the variety examination and approval committee at the same level;

(3) If the applicant belongs to an enterprise consortium, a scientific research enterprise consortium and a scientific research unit consortium, organize the variety test of the corresponding block. The number of members of the consortium shall be no less than five, and relevant cooperation agreements shall be signed, and the responsibilities and obligations shall be defined in accordance with the principle of equal rights and responsibilities. A legal entity can only participate in one test consortium in the same test area group.

The implementation plan of conducting variety test by itself as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be reported to the national or provincial variety test organization and implementation unit within 30 days before sowing, and those that meet the requirements shall be included in the unified management of national or provincial variety test.

Article 25 Except for the target traits, the other characteristics of the genetically modified varieties applied for examination and approval have not changed with the recipient varieties, and the recipient varieties have passed the examination and approval and have not been revoked. Variety tests shall be conducted in the following two situations:

(a) the suitable planting area for examination and approval is within the range of the suitable planting area of the recipient variety, which can simplify the test procedure and only need to carry out the production test for one year;

(two) if the suitable planting area for examination and approval is not within the scope of the suitable planting area of the recipient variety, it shall carry out two-year regional test and one-year production test.

For the transferred new varieties, two-year regional test, one-year production test and DUS test should be carried out.

Article 26 DUS testing is carried out by the applicant independently or by a testing institution authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and is guided by the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

The applicant shall, within 30 days before sowing, report the test plan to the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs or the provincial seed management institution according to the approved level. The Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the provincial seed management institutions respectively supervise and inspect the DUS testing process of national and provincial approvals, and conduct spot checks to verify the authenticity of samples and test reports.

The approximate varieties selected for DUS test should be the varieties with the most similar characteristics, and the DUS test should be carried out according to the DUS test guidelines for the corresponding main crops. The test report shall be signed by the legal representative or authorized by the legal representative.

Article 27 Seed enterprises that meet the requirements stipulated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and have obtained the license of combining breeding, production and operation (hereinafter referred to as integrated seed enterprises of breeding, propagation and pushing) can carry out variety tests on their own for non-transgenic varieties of major crops independently developed in the corresponding ecological areas, and submit application materials after completing the test procedures.

The test implementation plan shall be reported to the national or provincial variety test organization and implementation unit for the record within 30 days before sowing.

Seed enterprises with integrated breeding, propagation and promotion shall establish archives including the process of variety selection, experimental implementation plan, experimental original data and other relevant information, be responsible for the authenticity of experimental data, ensure traceability, and accept the supervision of the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level and the society.

Chapter V Examination, Approval and Announcement

Article 28 For varieties that have completed the test procedure, the applicant, the organization and implementation unit of variety test, and the seed enterprise integrating breeding, propagation and promotion shall submit the data, summary results, DNA fingerprint test report, DUS test report and transformant authenticity test report of each test site of rice, corn, cotton, soybean and wheat varieties to the office of the Variety Approval Committee before the end of February and the end of September respectively.

The office of the Variety Approval Committee shall submit the preliminary examination to the relevant professional committee of the Variety Approval Committee within 30 days, and the professional committee shall complete the preliminary examination within 30 days.

Article 29 In the preliminary examination of varieties, all professional committees shall hold a plenary meeting, and the meeting shall be valid if the members present at the meeting reach more than two-thirds of the total number of members of the professional Committee. In the preliminary examination of varieties, according to the examination and approval standards, a secret ballot is adopted, and varieties with more than half of the votes in favor of the total number of members of the professional Committee pass the preliminary examination.

The professional committee shall examine and verify the variety test data and other materials submitted by the seed enterprises with integrated breeding, propagation and promotion, and pass the preliminary examination if they meet the examination and approval standards.

Article 30 The first instance implements the avoidance system. The withdrawal of the director of the professional committee shall be decided by the office of the Variety Approval Committee; The withdrawal of other members shall be decided by the director of the professional Committee.

Article 31 The varieties that have passed the preliminary examination shall, within 30 days, be publicized on the official website of the competent agricultural and rural departments at the same level by the office of the Variety Approval Committee, with a publicity period of not less than 30 days.

Article 32 After the expiration of the publicity period, the office of the Variety Approval Committee shall submit the preliminary examination opinions and publicity results to the chairman of the Variety Approval Committee for review. The chairman’s committee shall complete the audit within 30 days. If it is approved by the examination, it will pass the examination and approval.

Seed enterprises with integrated breeding, propagation and promotion shall carry out independent research and development variety tests. After the varieties pass the preliminary examination, they shall submit the standard samples of varieties to the standard sample bank of plant varieties designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for preservation during the publicity period.

Article 33 Approved varieties shall be numbered and issued certificates by the Variety Approval Committee, and announced by the competent agricultural and rural departments at the same level.

Before the announcement of crop varieties approved at the provincial level, the competent agricultural and rural authorities of the provincial people’s government shall report the variety names and other information to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for publicity, and the publicity period shall be 15 working days.

Article 34 The approval number is the abbreviation of the approval committee, the abbreviation of crop species, the year number and the serial number, in which the serial number is four digits.

Article 35 The contents of the approval announcement include: approval number, variety name, applicant, breeder, variety source, morphological characteristics, growth period (group), yield, quality, stress resistance, key points of cultivation techniques, suitable planting area and matters needing attention.

Genetically modified varieties should also include the owner of the transformant, the name of the transformant, the number of the safety certificate of agricultural genetically modified organisms, and the transgenic target traits.

The announcement of provincial variety approval shall be reported to the National Crop Variety Approval Committee for the record within 30 days after its release.

The variety name announced in the examination and approval announcement is the common name of the variety. It is forbidden to change the generic name of this variety without authorization in the process of production, management and promotion.

Article 36 The contents of the approval certificate include: approval number, variety name, applicant, breeder, variety source, approval opinion, announcement number and certificate number.

Genetically modified varieties should also include the owner of the transformant, the name of the transformant, and the number of the safety certificate of agricultural genetically modified organisms.

Article 37 For varieties that fail to pass the examination and approval, the office of the Variety Examination and Approval Committee shall notify the applicant in writing within 30 days. If the applicant disagrees with the examination and approval results, he may, within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice, apply to the original variety examination and approval committee or the national variety examination and approval committee for review. The Variety Approval Committee shall review the reasons for review, the original approval documents and the original approval procedures during the next approval meeting. Objection to the identification results of pests and diseases, the Variety Approval Committee deems it necessary, and arranges other units to identify again.

The office of the Variety Approval Committee shall notify the applicant in writing of the review results within 30 days after the review.

Article 38 Variety approval standards shall be formulated by the crop variety approval committee at the same level. Approval criteria should be conducive to the improvement and coordination of yield, quality, resistance, etc., and to the promotion of varieties that meet the needs of market and life consumption.

Provincial variety approval standards shall be reported to the National Crop Variety Approval Committee for the record within 30 days after promulgation.

The formulation of variety approval standards shall be publicly solicited.

Chapter VI Filing of Introduction

Article 39 The competent department of agriculture and rural affairs of the provincial people’s government shall establish a mutual recognition mechanism for inter-provincial variety test data sharing in the same suitable ecological area, and carry out introduction and filing.

Article 40 Varieties that have passed the provincial examination and approval are introduced from other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the same suitable ecological region, and the introducers shall report to the competent agricultural and rural departments of the people’s governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

At the time of filing, the introducer shall fill in the introduction filing form, including the crop type, variety name, name of the introducer, contact information, suitable planting area of the approved variety, proposed introduction area and other information.

Article 41 The introducer shall carry out adaptability and disease resistance tests for not less than one year in the area to be introduced, and be responsible for the authenticity, safety and adaptability of the variety. Varieties with the right to new plant varieties shall also be approved by the variety owner.

Article 42 The competent departments of agriculture and rural areas of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall timely release the announcement on the record of introduction, including the name of varieties, introducers, breeders, approval numbers, suitable planting areas for introduction, etc. The format of the announcement number is: (x) Introduction [X]No. X, in which the first "X" is the abbreviation of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the second "X" is the year number and the third "X" is the serial number.

Article 43 The same suitable ecological zone for the national approved varieties shall be determined by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee. The same suitable ecological zone for provincial-level approved varieties shall be specifically determined by the provincial crop variety approval committee according to the same suitable ecological zone determined by the national crop variety approval committee.

Chapter VII Cancellation of Examination and Approval

Article 44 The variety that has passed the examination and approval shall be revoked under any of the following circumstances:

(a) serious defects that cannot be overcome in the course of use;

(two) the species is seriously degraded or loses its production and utilization value;

(3) Failing to provide standard samples of varieties as required or the standard samples are untrue;

(four) by cheating, forging test data and other improper means through the examination and approval;

(5) The safety certificate of agricultural genetically modified organisms has expired.

Article 45 The variety to be revoked shall be put forward by the office of the Variety Approval Committee after soliciting the opinions of the applicant for variety approval in writing, and shall be publicized on the official website of the agricultural and rural authorities at the same level after the preliminary examination by the professional Committee for a period of not less than 30 days.

After the expiration of the publicity period, the office of the Variety Approval Committee shall submit the preliminary examination opinions and publicity results to the chairman of the Variety Approval Committee for review, and the chairman shall complete the review within 30 days. If the examination agrees to cancel the examination and approval, it shall be announced by the competent agricultural and rural departments at the same level.

Article 46 The varieties whose approval has been revoked by announcement shall stop production and advertising from the date of announcement of cancellation of approval, and stop promotion and sales after one production cycle of announcement of cancellation of approval. If the Variety Approval Committee deems it necessary, it may decide to stop the promotion and sale from the date of the announcement of revocation of approval.

The announcement of revocation of the examination and approval of provincial varieties shall be reported to the National Crop Variety Examination and Approval Committee for the record within 30 days after its release.

Chapter VIII Supervision and Administration

Article 47 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has established a national crop variety examination and approval data information system to realize online application, acceptance, examination and approval at the national and provincial levels, as well as information sharing of variety test data, varieties that have passed the examination and approval, varieties that have been revoked for examination and approval, varieties that have been introduced for record, standard samples and transformants, and unified printing of examination and approval certificates online. The format of the approval certificate shall be uniformly formulated by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee.

The competent departments of agriculture and rural areas of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall publish information such as variety approval, revocation approval, introduction filing, supervision and management on a unified government information publishing platform, and accept supervision.

Article 48 The units and staff of variety testing and approval shall have the obligation to keep confidential the business secrets of the applicant learned in the process of testing and approval, and shall not provide the seeds applied for variety approval or seek illegal interests.

Article 49 Members and staff of the Variety Approval Committee shall be loyal to their duties, fair and honest. Members and staff members of the Variety Approval Committee who fail to perform their duties according to law, practice fraud or engage in malpractices for personal gain shall be punished according to law; No variety approval shall be conducted within five years from the date of making the decision on punishment.

Article 50 If the applicant commits fraud, bribery and other improper acts in the process of applying for variety approval, his application will not be accepted within three years.

If the member units of the consortium practise fraud, the approval procedure of the consortium variety test shall be terminated; Fraudulent member units shall not apply for variety approval within three years, and shall not participate in the consortium test again; Other member units shall bear joint and several liability and shall not participate in other consortium tests within three years.

Article 51 Variety testing, testing and authentication institutions that forge test data or issue false certificates shall be punished in accordance with Article 72 of the Seed Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 52 If a seed enterprise that integrates breeding, propagation and promotion conducts variety tests and applies for examination and approval on its own, it shall be fined between one million yuan and five million yuan by the competent department of agriculture and rural affairs of the people’s government at or above the provincial level; No longer carry out variety tests on their own; If losses are caused to seed users and other seed producers and operators, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

Article 53 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs shall supervise and inspect the variety examination and approval of the competent agricultural and rural departments of the provincial people’s government. If the variety examination and approval, introduction filing and revocation of examination and approval are not carried out according to law, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be punished according to law.

Article 54 In violation of the provisions of these measures, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Article 55 The funds needed for crop variety approval and variety test shall be included in the special financial budget of the competent agricultural and rural departments at the same level.

Article 56 Varieties that are tested by the integrated enterprise of breeding, reproduction and promotion and those organized by the consortium will no longer participate in the corresponding regional variety tests organized by the national and provincial test organizations and implementation units.

Article 57 These Measures shall come into force as of August 15, 2016, and the Measures for the Examination and Approval of Major Crop Varieties issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on February 26, 2001, revised on November 8, 2007 and February 1, 2014, and the Provisions on the Scope of Major Crops issued on February 26, 2001 shall be abolished at the same time.

In the new chapter of the automobile market, Lifan Technology joined hands with Ruilan Automobile, the crystallization of Geely Automobile, to launch a brand-new masterpiece-Ruilan 9. This pure electric SUV will be unveiled in the form of pre-sale on November 4, with a pre-sale price of 199,800 yuan, and more exciting models will be added in the future.

Design and technologyWith its pure electric drive technology, Ruilan 9 is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, leading the trend of green travel. The closed front face design is matched with through LED running lights, showing a full-featured appearance. The body lines are regular, providing 6-seat and 7-seat versions to meet the needs of different families. In terms of size, Ruilan 9 has a size of 4845/1890/1778 mm and a wheelbase of 2825 mm, showing a spacious interior space.

In the rear part, Ruilan 9 continues the simple design, and the brand logo and the taillight group are connected by chrome trim, which further enhances the recognition of the vehicle. In terms of interior, Ruilan 9 adopts the traditional layout, and the LCD instrument panel and floating touch screen come into view, creating a sense of modern technology. The design of the decorative strip of the center console skillfully simulates the air outlet of the integrated air conditioner, and the details are ingenious.

Power and endurance, equipped with a 150 kW drive motor, Ruilan 9 brings users a strong power experience. Although the cruising range has not been announced, it has been confirmed that it supports fast charging and battery replacement, providing a flexible solution for daily travel. As a joint work of Lifan Technology and Geely Automobile, Ruilan Automobile will further enrich its product line and bring more choices to consumers with Ruilan Maple Leaf 80VPRO, 9 and 7 battery-changing models.

As a new automobile brand, Ruilan Automobile is committed to creating a new chapter of green travel with innovation and practicality as its core. Let’s look forward to the surprises and innovations brought by Ruilan 9 and experience the infinite possibilities of future travel.

1905 movie network news　On July 27th, Beijing time, the closing ceremony of the 5th Jackie Chan International Action Film Week was held in Datong, co-sponsored by the Film Channel Program Center, Datong Municipal People’s Government and Jackie Chan International Group, and hosted by 1905 Film Network. The film channel, the film channel’s media platform and the whole network were broadcast live.

Indian filmofChung Chi LiPavez Sheikh won the Iron Man Award for directing the best action scene. In order to thank these heroes behind the scenes for sketching out the heroic dream of the world of action movies for ordinary people, Jonathan Lee sang a song "Song of Everyman".

Jonathan Lee, Jackie Chan, Emil Wakin Chau

After the concert, Jackie Chan and Emil Wakin Chau also took the stage to interact with Jonathan Lee. They happened to be wearing coats and trousers of the same color, and the atmosphere of reunion of old friends was very harmonious. Jackie Chan spoke out that Jonathan Lee sang "Nothing is the same". Later, Emil Wakin Chau imitated Jackie Chan’s singing songs, which was very funny. Not to be outdone, Jackie Chan sang the classic song "Let Me Be Happy and Worry Me" written by Jonathan Lee and sung by Emil Wakin Chau.

It is reported that Jonathan Lee is attending Jackie Chan International Action Film Week for the first time, and Emil Wakin Chau has attended it twice. Jackie Chan is very moved by the reunion of his old friends. Subsequently, the three joined hands to sing the classic song "True Hero". This song was also sung by three people for the first time 26 years ago, and the scene was full of emotion.

Special feature of 1905 film network On the fourth day of the release of Tsui Hark’s new work "The Four Kings of Di Renjie", the box office broke 300 million, while the cumulative box office of the competing "The Richest Man in Xihong City" has exceeded 1.1 billion, leaving the "Four Kings" far behind.

The first two Di Renjie series have doubled the box office from 286 million to 600 million, but this time, it is difficult to double the box office to 1.2 billion.

　

Is the film bad? Or is "The Richest Man in Xihong City" too strong?

In the audience’s word of mouth, The Four Kings scored 6.7 points for Douban and 8.2 points for Cat’s Eye, which is really mediocre. Look at "The Richest Man in Xihong City" next door, and the cat’s eye score is as high as 9.3 points!

Although the box office and word-of-mouth are not ideal, in the eyes of most people, this new work is the best in the whole Di Renjie series at present.

　

However, Xiao Dianjun also noticed that many viewers had a question after watching the film.

　

"Di Renjie’s Heaven Empire" has a thrilling moment when the statue of the floating pagoda collapses, and "The Dragon King, the God of Di Renjie" has a giant "Aohuang" that suddenly flies over the warship.

But what are the "Four Heavenly Kings" in Di Renjie’s Four Heavenly Kings?

　

Are the four gods of heavenly kings that glared at Wei Chi Zhenjin and the Ghost Badger when they robbed Kang Long Mace in Tianwang Temple?

　

Is it the eye monster "Red-eyed King" who sealed the inferno in the battle of Dali Temple at the end and transformed it with the method of shifting souls?

　

Di Renjie, Sha Tuozhong, Wei Chi and Shui Yue, the four heroes who rode horses to the unknown front in the egg?

　

Or indirectly refer to and echo the core expression in the film with the four great kings of Buddhism — —"Hell is not empty, and I will never become a Buddha."?

　

Whether the "Four Heavenly Kings" are real or imaginary is actually traceable in movies, but what many people don’t notice is that,For director Tsui Hark, he also has his own "Four Kings" in this film, which are the four aesthetic signs of Tsui Hark’s film: strangeness, power, chaos and spirit!

　

Fortunately, "Di Renjie" series didn’t add the word "detective" in the title at the beginning. Although the first one was a suspense detective film with reasoning elements, it has completely turned into a martial arts supernatural film that "collectively fights monsters".

　

Most of the praise for this new film falls on the five visual wonders: the golden dragon, the strange fish, the white ape, the glaring king, and the tentacle monster like rambutan.The most powerful aesthetic label of Tsui Hark’s films is his "strangeness".

　

The first is his monster complex.Tsui Hark is known as "the hermaphrodite in the new wave movies", and the nickname "Xu Laoguai" has been used to this day. He is deeply influenced by Hollywood monster movies, Japanese special films and comics, and he also loves to find creative inspiration in China’s myths and legends.

Butterfly Change, the first film in 1979, is a martial arts experimental film with the concept of "mutating butterflies to kill people", which combines Gu Long’s novel Blood-sucking Moth, Japanese horror film Eight Graves Village and Hitchcock’s Birds.

He is also known as "Spielberg of Hong Kong", just as foreign scholars commented on Spielberg, "The skill to win the audience is to extract the essence from Hollywood’s’ groceries’ and absorb the strengths of each family".Tsui Hark is good at "stealing teachers". The elements of Hollywood monster films can be seen everywhere.

　

The opening of the Dragon King, the destruction of the warship by the Aohuang and the great white shark in Spielberg’s film all pave the way for narrative suspense with the way of "only hearing its voice but not its shape" and "still hiding half her face from us behind her guitar".

In "Four Kings", the white ape standing on the roof of Dali Temple tore the monster, which seems to have jumped into the set of "Furious Beast" at a closer point. From a farther point of view, isn’t it the "King Kong" who stood at the top of the Empire State Building and dueled with a helicopter?

In the end, the "magic wheel" appeared when Master Yuan Xiu confronted the boss of the inferno. The package shape was very similar to the face-hugging bug in Alien and the eyeball of the glaring king. You can even think of the zerg big BOSS&hellip in starship troopers. …

　

Counting the monsters in Tsui Hark’s movies in the 1990s, there are the tree demon grandma and the big BOSS Montenegro old demon who absorbed men’s blood in Ghost Story, the Millennium centipede essence in Ghost Story: Infernal Affairs, and the megalithic monster in Ghost Story: The Way to the Road.

The white snake and the green snake in Green Snake, the white crane and the thousand-year-old fire turtle in New Crane Needle, and even the modern monster & HELIP in Monster City and Black Xia 2. …

　

After the new century, Tsui Hark seems to prefer "intensive" and "tentacle" monsters.The glaring king with eyeballs all over his body in The Four Heavenly Kings of Di Renjie was reflected in The Biography of Shushan in 2001, in which the monster Youquan is a huge skull composed of dense stones.

There are also piles of red scarabs … It is a nightmare for people with "intensive phobia".

The tentacle monster like Rambutan in the film is shown in Journey to the West and daoist magic written by Tsui Hark: spider essence, demon "red eyes" and "big nose hair" are covered with red tentacles.

Tsui Hark is becoming more and more fond of presenting some large animals on the screen:The devil fish in Di Renjie’s Dragon King, the big tiger in Taking Tiger Mountain Outward, and the Four Heavenly Kings of Di Renjie have gone from dealing with a single animal to gathering golden dragons, strange fish and white apes. ……

There are 23 concept pictures at the end of The Dragon King, where there are nine-tailed foxes, bronze warriors, Jiuding Beads and Garuda … Garuda’s eagle image appears in The Four Kings. Therefore, as long as the Di Renjie series is filmed, Tsui Hark’s "Monster Universe" will continue to bombard the big screen.

The "weirdness" in Tsui Hark’s films is not only monsters, but also pays special attention to the "weirdness" in character modeling.He not only respects history, but also makes textual research on historical facts in serving Buddhism, but also exaggerates and grotesques the faces and forms of some characters without explanation.

Yang Zirong, the Monkey King and Granny Tree Demon all have thick black eye makeup:

Pei Donglai, Pig Bajie, White-haired Witch, Yuhua Tian … They all have scary faces, and they can’t tell right from wrong.

Although no one wears eye makeup or paints white in The Four Kings, Wei Chi, played by William Feng, has to keep his eyes wide open and his facial expression will collapse like a Peking Opera. And his role, that is, wavering between his own power and interests and Di Renjie’s brotherhood, is unpredictable.

　

Goblins like Green Snake, Xiaoqian and Spider Spirit always have long, thin eyebrows, and some of them even turn a corner. This time, Wu Zetian, who was controlled by alchemy, also has this kind of eyebrows, which is completely different from the short, round and thick eyebrows in Heaven Empire.

Another passive hand and foot on the eyebrows is Shuiyue, and two eyebrows are set with diamonds, which is very strange.

　

Buludu and Ma Jinliang in flying swords of dragon gate, the eccentric king in A Demon Journey to the West, and Eight donkey kong & HELIP in Taking the Tiger Mountain Outward; Some are foreign people, some are villains, and their faces are printed with grotesque marks.

This time, almost everyone’s face was tattooed with patterns and patterns.

　

Sometimes they can distinguish between good and evil, and sometimes they are difficult to distinguish.Tsui Hark just wants some specific characters to have their own unique visual labels.This kind of plastic art, whether it has a clear personality orientation or a vague faction implication, leaps to the screen, which makes his characters more energetic and memorable.

　　

"Power" is the sense of power in Tsui Hark’s movies, and the most basic thing is his action play style.

　

Hong Kong’s martial arts films are always divided into North and South schools. Roughly speaking, the Southern School is a real Kung Fu school, with Liu Jialiang and Bruce Lee as its representatives.

The northern school pays more attention to the skill of action and has a sense of performance on stage. One kind is the acrobatic Kung Fu comedy of the Seven Little Fooks, and the other is the light, elegant, fierce and chic action drama in the films of directors Hu Jinquan and Chu Yuan.

　

By the time of Tsui Hark, most of his martial arts scenes were more focused on the northern style.Especially the Ghost Story series, the legendary swordsman series and Xinlongmen Inn with Cheng Xiaodong,It’s more a collision move, and there is no in-depth conversion between attack and defense. It’s more like the step-by-step cooperation of two people dancing, and it’s more inclined to show the artistic conception and atmosphere of the action scene.

He also does the integration of the North and the South.Several Huang Feihong series directed by Yuan Bin are all realistic action styles, while Knife is both violent and powerful and has a formal freehand brushwork, not to mention Seven Swords, which has Liu Jialiang’s real skill and a free and easy sword gesture.

Based on the tradition of the North-South School, Tsui Hark’s new martial arts films have more dynamic martial arts scenes, more skillful movements, and more gorgeous and beautiful impressions.

The series Ghost Story of Ghost Story always escapes from the sky, flying swords of dragon gate is full of flying eaves and climbing walls, and The Legend of Shushan is always flying fairy … The same is true of the Di Renjie series, which is where Tsui Hark transcends the tradition of the North-South School:Pay attention to the use of modern stunts.

Tsui Hark is a "technical madman". As early as Butterfly Change, he replaced lightness skill, sword and magic with springs, hooks and gunpowder, and replaced kung fu with science and technology.

In "The New Swordsman of Shushan", he upgraded the technique of hanging Weiya in Hong Kong’s traditional stunts. In the past, the actor in Hong Kong films could only fly in a straight line, but after his transformation, the actor could fly in curves and turns.

Tsui Hark is an overseas student who went to the United States to study, and has a special liking for Star Wars. When filming "The New Swordsman of Shushan", he invited the industrial light and magic special effects team of "Star Wars" to Hong Kong, and introduced Hollywood special effects technologies such as models and optics into Hong Kong films for the first time.

　

In 2001, in "Biography of Shushan", Tsui Hark used live-action +CG technology, and the whole film had more than 1,600 special effects shots. He wanted to make a martial arts film into a science fiction film, even though it seems to be "fifty-five-cent special effects" now, but CG technology just arrived in China, and the actors didn’t quite understand what green screen performance was.

　

Although the 1986 Chivalrous Woman Thirteen Sisters was a three-dimensional martial arts film, Tsui Hark’s flying swords of dragon gate was the first all-3D martial arts film in Chinese history. "Di Renjie’s Dragon King" is a bold breakthrough, IMAX+3D+ underwater shooting; "Outwit Tiger Mountain" is the first 3D red revolutionary movie.

　

Tsui Hark’s step-by-step efforts in technology have made martial arts films move from the handicraft stage of physical fighting to the modernization of science and technology.Based on repeated experiments and upgrades, we can be so carried away by the false visual spectacle of The Four Kings of Di Renjie, which is close to reality.

　

After indulging in 3D technology, Tsui Hark always likes to "shoot" the audience’s eyes with various weapons on the screen.Not only that, but every weapon he designed in the film also made the action scenes have stronger screen impact. Just like this Tianwang Temple duel:

Wei Chi’s 360-degree rotating sword and darts, and the double knives like the "Golden Wheel of the Sun and Moon" in The Legend of Shushan, inspire more powerful action scenes in the offensive and defensive rounds.

　

Look at Dong Fangbubai’s embroidered needle, Yan Chixia’s talisman, Li Yingqi’s heavenly fencing, Lei Yanjian in the sky, Zhao Huaian’s long sword, and Buludu’s Gankun Circle & HELIP; …

These weapons designed by Tsui Hark not only serve the visual effects, but also are the spiritual weapons of the characters.The most obvious one is Seven Swords, in which seven swords represent the different personalities of seven swordsman.

Di Renjie’s Kang Long Mace is even more so.

　

Kang Long Mace is a majestic artifact presented to the king Ji, which naturally symbolizes Di Renjie’s dignity and rights. But this time, the film emphasizes that it is a defensive weapon with no sharp edge and its function of breaking all attack weapons.

This is in perfect harmony with Di Renjie’s passive and conservative personality and his ability to solve all strange cases and repel the villains.

　

"Four Heavenly Kings" is a bloody case caused by a "Kang Long Mace". This time, Tsui Hark’s weapon has leapt to become the narrative MacGuffin and the driving force of the story.

　

Single shot with an average of several seconds, stormy editing, multi-angle shooting position, push-pull, shake-follow movement mode,Tsui Hark’s previous works generally used such a messy image style to stimulate the audience’s adrenaline.

　

However, because of 3D, the fast-paced cutting and diverse composition movements are easy to make the audience dizzy and vomit. Therefore, watching "The Dragon King of the Gods" and "The Four Kings", the pace of lens editing is obviously slower than in the past, and the shooting angle and motion mode tend to be simple.

However, the visual chaos in Tsui Hark’s films is still changing.

　

One is that he will use the deformation on the lens instead.This is most reflected in The Dragon King of the Gods, such as the distorted picture when Di Renjie first came to Luoyang to read Wei Chi’s lip language;

The second is to fill the screen with colorful and grotesque weapons, costumes, art scenes and special effects monsters, which is complicated and creates instant attraction.

　

Chaos in audio-visual style and chaos in story text are two sides of Tsui Hark’s film.

　

Most of his film stories took place in the years of rebellion. Xinlongmen Inn was the Ming Dynasty when Dongchang was monopolized, Huang Feihong was the turbulent era in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, peking opera blues was the period of the Republic of China when warlords were fighting, and Green Snake and Ghost Story were fictional shemale and shemale worlds …　

It is precisely because of troubled times that justice and evil have the soil of binary confrontation, so that heroes and villains can struggle with each other, stimulate the most direct drama conflict, and finally release the chivalrous feelings of loyalty to the liver and righteousness.

　

Even though the Di Renjie series is a prosperous Tang Dynasty under the reign of Ersheng Lingchao and Wu Zetian, Tsui Hark has to create a troublesome context in troubled times.

Heaven Empire is Sha Tuo’s personal dissatisfaction with Wu Zetian, The Dragon King of the Gods contains threats from overseas forces in the eastern island countries, and The Four Heavenly Kings is evil influence who seals the inferno’s challenge to the established regime and Wu Zetian’s lust for power.

In the rebellious world, the story lines in Tsui Hark’s works are actually not complicated, but there are many narrative lines, rapid logical changes and fast transition rhythm.Just like "Four Kings", the four sides wrestle and intertwine with each other, and there is often a clue that has not been explained yet, and the next scene will start non-stop.

Not only that, the disorder of genre is also Tsui Hark’s aesthetic label, and it is also a kind of blameless "original sin" brought by Hong Kong film production environment and Hong Kong film style in the last century.In a movie, martial arts, science fiction, reasoning, monsters, politics, love, comedy … He seems to take care of everything, as in Di Renjie.

　

Compared with the first two films, The Four Heavenly Kings has the most comic elements, and Sha Tuozhong and Shui Yue are almost a pair of funny actors.

Peeping at the bath, beating up, accidentally hitting the wound and vomiting blood … These are all the nonsense tricks used by Tsui Hark in action comedies in 1980s and 1990s, such as Ghost Horse Wises Many Stars, Best Partner, The Secret Order of Queen 3, happy ever after, etc.

　

Tsui Hark also has a special preference for "disorder" in character gender.For example, Dong Fangbubai, who is gorgeous and heroic, can’t tell the gender, the tree demon grandmother in Ghost Story, the father-in-law Yu Huatian who is sometimes feminine and domineering, and the real person of Jiugong in Journey to the West & HELIP; … This kind of role is also set in Four Kings — Flying smoke.

　

Shangguan Jinger in Di Renjie’s Heaven-reaching Empire has a strong personality before Wu Zetian and a tender side before Di Renjie. Behind her, there is a mask of masculinity.

He loves this kind of female royal sister, just like Shui Yue in this film. She is strong and independent, who dares to love and hate, and is the master of her own destiny.

　

"Without words, Machamp confuses God", and the "God" here refers to ghosts and gods.

　

It is not so much that Tsui Hark loves to show scary or ghostly demons in supernatural films as that Tsui Hark intends to talk about people. Ghost Story is saying: Ghosts also have people’s worldly desires, and ghosts also have the right to love a person;

In "Green Snake", the white snake let the green snake gradually know what human emotion is, and Xiaoqing let Fahai escape into what is the ultimate confusion of the Buddha.

　

"Four Heavenly Kings" integrates the religious and ethical issues of ghosts and gods and Buddhism, and becomes the most critical part of the film.There are not only one kind of ghosts in movies, but at least three kinds: the illusion of sealing demons, magic and shifting souls, and human demons.

　

The setting of alchemy makes Tsui Hark’s imaginative vision more logical and acceptable. This setting is undoubtedly a satire on the demons who avenge the inferno and Wu Zetian’s desire for power: the power struggle is an illusion and a bubble.

In the end, Tsui Hark conquered everything with the Buddhism of the master of circle measurement: "Hell is not empty, and I will never become a Buddha", there is an evil ghost in everyone’s heart, and "a hundred years of lust for power … A generation of hatred, why leave future generations. "

Therefore, it seems that Yuance and Di Renjie are maintaining the stability of the established regime. In fact, they are transcending politics, letting bygones be bygones, letting go of hatred and pursuing the present peace. This is also a projection discourse of Tsui Hark and the whole series of Di Renjie on the present reality.

　

Confucius didn’t talk about "Machamp’s disorderly gods" and wanted to govern the country with benevolence and courtesy, but Tsui Hark described the universal moral concept of peace and justice with the film aesthetic style of "Machamp’s disorderly gods".

　

When Tsui Hark and Shi Nansheng set up a film studio in the 1980s, they asked the directors: "First, they should have their own style; The second is to have something to say — Even if it is a kung fu film, there must be something to say; Third, we should "follow the mass line", and commercial films must entertain the audience, so that they can be vented and feel better.Movies are mass media. I hope we can breathe with the audience … … The masses watch movies with their feelings, not with their heads."

　

Even though filming in the north, Tsui Hark has always insisted on making this kind of popular film, which requires direct and enjoyable sensory stimulation, instant sensationalism and pleasant pleasure.

　

If in "The Four Heavenly Kings of Di Renjie", you have to struggle with why the ghost night didn’t kill Er Sheng directly in the hall, why Wu Zetian, who was controlled by magic, wasn’t instructed to kill the emperor, or how Di Renjie learned magic … You will lose all the fun of audio-visual perception.

　

Although sometimes the plot is scattered, sometimes it becomes hilarious when it is serious, there is a bad taste of B-class movies in A-class productions …These are the labels of Tsui Hark’s existence as a film author, and they are also the game spirit of "going too far and being crazy" in the golden age of Hong Kong movies!

　　China’s National Bureau of Statistics recently released data that China’s gross domestic product (GDP) will be close to 100 trillion yuan in 2019. According to the annual average exchange rate, the per capita GDP has reached 10,000 USD. It took China less than 20 years from 2001, when per capita GDP exceeded $1,000, to 2019, when it jumped to $10,000. Foreign experts and scholars interviewed by this reporter believe that a big country with a population of 1.4 billion has achieved a per capita GDP of over 10,000 US dollars. "This is a miracle in the history of human social development." This proves that the development path chosen by China conforms to its national conditions, and the steady economic growth of China has injected a strong impetus into the world economic growth.

　　"The living standard of 1.4 billion people has been greatly improved, which is one of the fastest economic success stories in history."

　　"The development of China in the past 40 years of reform and opening up is one of the most impressive events in contemporary society, which is a miracle in the history of human social development." Francesco Maringio, president of the Italian New Silk Road Promotion Association, believes that China has steadily become the second largest economy in the world, and all China people have made great efforts to this end. "The course of reform and opening up has proved that China’s development path suits its own national conditions and is a successful innovation in Marxist theory and practice."

　　According to a report released by the Legaton Institute, a British think tank, in 2019, China rose 25 places to the 57th place in the global prosperity index, showing strong performance in health and economic quality indicators.

　　"The living standard of 1.4 billion people has been greatly improved, which is one of the fastest economic success stories in history." According to the website of Nikkei Asia Review, consumption has become the main driving force of China’s economic growth. What is important is that the consumption base is getting richer at the individual level and more diverse at the enterprise level.

　　"In the context of the overall sluggish world economic growth, this transcript is very eye-catching, indicating that the macroeconomic policies adopted by the China government have achieved remarkable results." Petrovsky, chief researcher of the Far East Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that the most intuitive achievement of China’s economic and social development lies in poverty alleviation and the increase of people’s income. "Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago, the number of poor people in China has decreased by 850 million, and the income level of the people has greatly increased, which shows that ‘ No one can be left behind on the road to a well-off society in an all-round way ’ Not an empty talk, China is moving towards common prosperity step by step. "

　　From the international experience, the per capita GDP exceeding 10,000 US dollars is an important node for the development of countries with medium or above population size. Axel Goethals, CEO of the Institute of Asian Studies, a think tank of the European Union, believes that crossing this node means that the consumption power of China people is stronger, a huge market with great potential is emerging, and the resilience and stability of China’s economy are further enhanced.

　　China will be the most important market in the world for consumer-oriented companies.

　　Bloomberg reported that China’s economy stabilized in the fourth quarter of last year, and investment began to accelerate, indicating that China’s economy may usher in a stronger recovery. Andrew Tilton, an economist at Goldman Sachs, said that the China administration’s policies are long-term, with more emphasis on risk control and restrictions on short-term stimulus measures that may aggravate economic imbalances.

　　According to research by Christian Ruscher, an economist at the Cologne Economic Research Institute, China’s GDP increased by 6.1% in 2019 compared with the previous year, which was hard-won under the risk challenge and downward pressure. This shows that China’s economy is gradually transforming into consumption and service industry, and it is stronger on the whole.

　　At present, China is in a critical period of becoming a high-income country. We should continue to deepen reform and opening up, enhance the resilience of economic development, promote high-quality economic development, and let China’s economic development dividend continue to benefit the whole world. With the growth of GDP per capita, China’s huge consumer market has become a "gold mine" in the eyes of enterprises all over the world. Andy rothman, investment strategist of BenQ Asia, bluntly said that China is "the best consumer market in the world".

　　"China will be the most important market in the world for consumer-oriented companies." Ira Calix, global chief economist of Deloitte, believes that China’s economy will maintain steady growth, and the growth prospects in the consumer sector are very optimistic.

　　"In 2019, domestic demand contributed 89% to China’s economic growth, of which the final consumption expenditure contributed 57.8%, which shows that China’s economic structure is constantly being optimized." As the largest developing country in the world, China’s development means opportunities for the world, said Yukio Tsuda, a professor at Japanese Central University. The expanding scale of middle-income groups in China will further promote China’s economic growth, promote China to import more high-quality products and services, bring more dividends to all countries in the world, and help stimulate the sustainable development of the world economy.

　　"China’s economy will surely achieve long-term stability, prosperity and development and make greater contributions to the world economy."

　　"The economic data of China in 2019 once again shows that China’s development path has strong vitality." According to Alexander Lomanov, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and International Politics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, China’s economy is progressing steadily, and the government has deepened reforms, improved various systems, and always insisted on opening up, which has achieved good results. "This once again strongly proves that China’s development path is in line with China’s national conditions."

　　Patricio Ji Ousteau, director of the Argentine China Strategic Cooperation Observation Center, believes that in recent years, China has taken a series of initiatives to expand its opening up. The unprecedented tax reduction and fee reduction policy, the Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment, the formal implementation of the foreign investment law, and the deployment to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of service outsourcing & HELIP; … "China has been continuously opening to the outside world at a higher level, and its business environment has been continuously optimized, and its achievements are enviable. China has always adhered to the path of peaceful development and supported rule-based multilateralism and the multilateral trading system. I believe that China’s economy will surely achieve long-term stability, prosperity and development and make greater contributions to the world economy. "

　　"The economic data of China in 2019 shows the strong resilience of China’s economy, laying a solid foundation for the decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way." Malinjiao said that the China government attaches importance to people’s needs, and "China is constantly turning its beautiful vision of socialist modernization into reality".

　　(Newspaper Rome, Moscow, Brussels, Washington, Berlin, Tokyo, Canberra and Buenos Aires, January 20th, by reporters Han Shuo, Zhang Xiaodong, Ren Yan, Wu Lejun, Hua Fang, Liu Junguo, Chen Xiaowei and Yao Mingfeng)

　　Studies have shown that long-term intake of waste oil will cause obvious harm to human body, such as developmental disorders, enteritis, hepatomegaly, heart and kidney enlargement and fatty liver. Aflatoxin, one of the main hazards in gutter oil, is a strong carcinogen, and its toxicity is 100 times that of arsenic. Another question is ethical. Can you eat the oil that others have eaten, which goes bad in the sewer and is fished out again?
　　So, is there a simple way to identify gutter oil? We might as well listen to what food science experts and insiders say.
one
There is no good way to scientifically identify waste oil at present.
　　In an era of paying attention to food safety, the ideal state is that when you go to a restaurant, you take out a test paper and dip it in the dish. After a while, you take it out and compare it with the spectrum table, and then shout, "Boss, change the oil!"
　　However, the reality is that up to now, scientists have not found an ideal means to detect and identify gutter oil.
　　"Oil mixed with oil, fairy sorrow, fairy is difficult to separate it. Waste cooking oil has a history of more than 20 years. Even today, we can still see waste cooking oil in rural markets and urban-rural junction markets, and we also feel that it has entered the dining hall. If calculated by tonnage, there should be millions of tons of waste oil digested every year. I am very embarrassed. We can’t find a very effective technical means to identify it. This oil is gutter oil, and this oil is not gutter oil. " When attending a CCTV program, Hu Xiaosong, vice president of the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, once said this.
　　Hu Xiaosong pointed out that the current detection methods have not overcome this technology and cannot scientifically distinguish the quality of oil, but the Ministry of Science and Technology has set up a special project for this matter, and I believe that it will be possible to distinguish the quality of oil by scientific means in the near future.
2
Traditional detection methods have certain limitations.
　　In the view of scientific researchers, the difficulty in treating gutter oil lies in that it is difficult to distinguish gutter oil from ordinary oil only from appearance and sense after refining processes such as washing, distillation, decoloration and deodorization. Illegal traders will also mix waste oil into edible oil, and if the content is small, it is even more difficult to detect.
　　He Dongping, a professor at the School of Food Science and Engineering of Wuhan Institute of Technology, has been engaged in the research of gutter oil for many years. In He Dongping’s view, the traditional detection methods only grasp a certain characteristic of gutter oil, and no method can effectively detect gutter oil from different sources at the same time, which sometimes leads to a large detection error and more possibility of misjudgment.
　　Wang Le, a graduate student of Wuhan Institute of Technology, once developed a blue test paper. With the increasing proportion of waste oil, the blue test paper will show yellow-green, light yellow and bright yellow. This is based on the "accumulation" of oil to detect the purity of oil, but this method is also limited by the proportion of waste oil added.
　　On the Internet, you can find a company specializing in the production of "Quick Detection Kit for Waste Oil", but from the instructions provided by the company, "for some unpurified oils (such as sesame oil, pepper oil, etc.) and oils with other ingredients (such as Chili oil), this method is easy to produce false positives".
three
Identify the waste oil refrigerator?
　　Senior chef Feng Peng, who once worked as a chef and executive in many big restaurants in Beijing, said that under normal circumstances, gutter oil and ordinary oil can’t be distinguished, and it is inevitable to be fooled when purchasing. He can only judge by practice: restaurants usually need to oil before cooking. In this "lubricating oil" process, good oil can be used seven or eight times repeatedly, while waste oil will become sticky and have a spicy taste after being used for up to three times.
　　"In addition, when the outdoor temperature is low, waste oil will solidify like palm oil, so people often use waste oil to pretend to be palm oil." Feng Peng said that gutter oil can be identified in winter and can be tested in the refrigerator in summer. Some media think that gutter oil has a taste and can be smelled out. In addition, it contains a lot of water, and the pot will explode. Feng Peng thinks these are nonsense, because water can’t be mixed into oil at all, and gutter oil has no odor.

four
How should we identify waste oil?
　　Take a look. Look at the transparency, pure vegetable oil is transparent, and the transparency will decrease due to the mixing of alkali grease, wax and impurities in the production process; Look at the color, pure oil is colorless, and the oil will be colored because the pigment in the oil is dissolved in the oil in the production process; Look at the sediment, its main component is impurities.
　　Second smell. Each oil has its own unique smell. You can drop a drop or two of oil on your palm, rub your hands together, and smell it carefully when you are hot. Oil with odor indicates that there is a problem with the quality, and it is likely to be waste oil with odor; If there is a smell of mineral oil, you can’t buy it.
　　Three tastes. Take a drop of oil with chopsticks and taste it carefully. The oil with sour taste is unqualified, the oil with bitter taste has been rancid, and the oil with peculiar smell may be waste oil.
　　Listen. Take one or two drops of oil from the bottom of the oil layer, coat it on flammable paper, light it and listen to its sound. The products with normal combustion and no noise are qualified products; If the combustion is abnormal and makes a "squeaky" sound, the water content exceeds the standard and it is an unqualified product; The "crack" explosion during combustion indicates that the water content of the oil is seriously exceeding the standard, and it may be adulterated products, so it is absolutely impossible to buy.
　　Five questions. Ask the merchant about the purchase channel, ask for the purchase invoice or check the sampling test report of the local food hygiene supervision department if necessary. (Comprehensive by this newspaper)

Usually, if your pickup truck is a light vehicle, that is, it weighs less than 2 tons, then its high-speed cost will be the same as that of an ordinary car, about 0.5 yuan per kilometer.

However, for non-light pickup trucks, such as the Ford Raptor, the cost will increase, about every kilometer of 1 yuan.

The state has clear regulations on high-speed charging. According to the weight of the vehicle and the number of seats, the charging standard is divided into multiple levels. For example, trucks weighing less than 2 tons and buses with less than 20 seats charge 0.45 yuan per kilometer. For trucks weighing 2 to 7 tons and buses with 21 to 50 seats, the charge per kilometer is 0.90 yuan. For trucks weighing 7 tons to 20 tons, buses with more than 51 seats and sleeper buses, the charge per kilometer is 1.462 yuan. And trucks and container trucks weighing more than 20 tons charge 2.138 yuan per kilometer.

It is worth noting that during holidays, pickup trucks do not enjoy the policy of free passage. Therefore, when planning a long-distance trip, you need to calculate the relevant expenses in advance.

In addition, pickup trucks need to pay attention to some details when driving on the highway. For example, the seat design of super sports cars usually pays more attention to speed than comfort, and long-term driving may cause waist and back pain and affect the driving experience. The pickup truck is more comfortable in this respect, with better shock absorption system and suspension design, which can provide a smoother driving experience.

Another factor to consider is fuel efficiency. Pickup trucks are usually equipped with economical engines and relatively low fuel consumption, which are suitable for long-distance driving. The super sports car pursues the ultimate speed, so it is equipped with a high-power engine, which leads to higher fuel consumption. For example, Bugatti Veyron’s fuel tank capacity can only support about 15 minutes of driving, which requires frequent refueling. In contrast, pickup trucks have larger fuel tank capacity and lower refueling frequency, which is more suitable for long-distance travel.

Finally, the types of gasoline provided by highway gas stations are also different. Super sports cars usually need to be filled with gasoline above 98, while highway gas stations mainly provide gasoline below 97. Using low-grade gasoline may cause damage to the engine of super sports car. Therefore, when traveling long distances, it is recommended to plan the refueling location in advance to ensure that the vehicle can be provided with suitable fuel.

1, 460 shared version listed.

A few days ago, we learned from Changan New Energy Officer that its Changan Yidong EV460 has added a shared model, and the price of the new car is 139,900 yuan. Its cruising range is consistent with the current model, and the cruising range of NEDC under comprehensive working conditions is 405km.

In terms of power, it uses a 100kW driving motor and a ternary lithium battery with a capacity of 52.56kWh.

2. It will be officially listed in May.

A few days ago, it was learned from the automobile official that its brand-new compact pure electric car iC5 will go on sale in May, and the pre-sale has been started at present, with the pre-sale price of 155,000-180,000 yuan. NEDC has a comprehensive cruising range of 530km.

Jianghuai iC5 adopts a 142kW driving motor with a capacity of 64.5kWh ternary lithium battery pack, with a maximum power of 204Ps and a peak torque of 340 N m.. The 0-100km/h acceleration time is 7.6s, and the NEDC battery life can reach 530km. (Source: First Electric)

3. It will be officially listed on May 11th.

A few days ago, Aika Automobile learned through official channels that the zero-run T03 will be officially listed on May 11th. The new car is the first product of the T platform, and will be equipped with the Heracles electric drive assembly independently developed. The maximum power is 55kW(75Ps), the maximum torque is 155Nm, and the official data of 0-50km/h acceleration is 5s. At the same time, using high-performance lithium battery, the energy density of PACK is as high as 171Wh/kg, and the battery life of NEDC reaches 403km under comprehensive working conditions. (Source: Aika Automobile)

4, the new E-class street real shot

Recently, Mercedes-Benz’s new E-Class appeared on a street in overseas markets. The car will be launched in overseas markets in the second quarter of this year, and the time to enter China is expected to be in the second half of this year. Looking at the appearance, this real-shot model includes a standard version and a large standard version. The former is equipped with a banner grille, and the chrome trim of the front bumper covers a wider area. The car side uses double five-spoke wheels, and the overall design is luxurious, but the younger style is still outstanding. If you want to see the big logo in sports, there are two raised lines above the hood, which shows the sense of strength. The double banner grille also conforms to the identity of the sports version. The car side is equipped with five-spoke wheels, which are consistent with the current style. The blackened style light group also highlights the younger positioning of the E-class. Like the family’s latest iconic "7" light strip, the two versions share elements.

Large and medium-sized cars such as Mercedes-Benz E-Class, Audi A6 and BMW 5 Series will inevitably be more conservative in styling design, and at the same time, it will also bind its user groups to the older age groups, and consumers with lighter grades will feel out of place when driving it. However, the younger style of the new E-class is in sharp contrast with the current models, and it is no exaggeration to say that there is no sense of disobedience when driving it after 80 s and 90 s! (Source: Online Auto Market)

5. Software update

It is reported that Tesla has updated the software of the Model S Performance version, and the acceleration time of the car of 0-96km/h will be realized within 2.3s. But so far, Tesla has not explained this update, nor has it revealed too much the specific reasons for the shortened acceleration time of the car.

Some people speculate that the shortening of acceleration time is related to Tesla’s "Cheetah Stance”Launch Mode. The latest adaptive air suspension and attitude can increase traction, and the acceleration of the car is indeed improved during the test. (Source: First Electric)

6. The new Mercedes-Maibakh S-class spy photos are exposed.

Recently, overseas media released a new set of S-class test spy photos of Mercedes-Maibakh. In terms of power, the new car will replace the V12 with a combination of V8 engine and 48V motor, and a plug-in hybrid version will be introduced. The new Maibakh S-Class is expected to be officially released in 2021.

Mercedes plans to use EQ Boost light mixing system to provide a new car with a 4.0L V8 twin-turbo engine and a 48V motor system, and it is also expected to introduce a combination of a 3.0L inline six-cylinder turbocharged engine and a plug-in hybrid system. The V12 engine used in the current model will probably no longer be used. (Source: First Electric)

7. Lucid’s first electric car Air extreme cold test exposure

With the cancellation of new york Auto Show in April, 2020, the production version of Lucid’s first model, Air, which was originally scheduled to be launched in the world was forced to be postponed. Now the Javits Convention and Exhibition Center, where the auto show was held, was changed to a temporary hospital to contribute to new york’s fight against novel coronavirus. On the other hand, Lucid is also preparing for the final mass production of Air. Recently, it released a video of the extreme cold test of a new car in northern Minnesota.

As we all know, every car needs to be tested for extreme cold in winter before it is put on the market, so Lucid brought Air to the north of Minnesota a few months ago, where the temperature is as low as -33℃. In the past winter of 2019, Lucid had two Air prototypes (Beta 4 and Beta 5) that challenged four different types of bad road conditions: circular track, ice, snow and control track. (Source: Sina Auto)

8, Opel Mokka electric version of the road test spy photos exposure

For the brand Opel, I believe many small partners are unfamiliar. As it withdrew from the domestic market and joined the PSA Group, it made a profit. A few days ago, overseas media exposed a group of Opel Mokka electric models.

Judging from the spy photos exposed, the overall design originated from the GT X concept car launched in 2018. As a brand-new small crossover vehicle, it adopts a sharper design appearance and is built on the CMP platform. It is reported that the new car will be officially released at the end of 2020 and will be put on the market in early 2021. (Source: First Electric)

9, BYD Hanshi car exposure

A few days ago, BYD Han’s test drive was officially exposed. Although there is still a certain gap compared with the concept car, it has also achieved the design benchmark as a flagship model.

This BYD Han designed by former design director Iger has quite an Audi charm, especially the dragon-shaped front face design style, texture and sense of science and technology coexist. The design style of the old Audi A6L front net and the headlight design style have been transplanted to some extent. It can be seen that even if this design language appears on BYD Han, it can also bring better visual effects.

As for the tail styling design, the sense of technology and design brought by the LED taillights is enough to bring better visual impact. Compared with the previous models, the design has been further improved. (Source: Gossip on the rims)

10. New Bronco interior spy photos

A few days ago, we learned a set of spy photos of the interior of the new Ford Bronco from relevant channels. The interior of the new Ford Bronco adopts a black overall color scheme, and is also equipped with a knob shift mechanism and a full LCD instrument panel. The new Ford Bronco is designed in a tough style, positioned as a hard-core off-road vehicle, and will be equipped with a power combination of 2.3T engine and +10AT. It is understood that the new car will be released next spring.

The new car will be equipped with a 2.3T gasoline engine of the same model as Ranger pickup truck, with a maximum power of 201kW(274Ps) and a maximum torque of 420Nm, and the transmission system will be matched with a 10-speed automatic. In addition, the new car is expected to match the 7-speed manual transmission. The new car will share the platform and some technologies with the new Ford Ranger, and some of the chassis transmission technologies are developed in cooperation with Dana Company of the United States. (Source: Aika Automobile)

11、PURA Vision S

Recently, according to foreign media reports, the Pininfarina PURA Vision SUV will be launched in 2022. Pura Vision will adopt a four-door five-seat design, and the real car shape is closer to the hunting version. It is expected that competitors will lock Urus and DBX after the new car goes on the market.

According to Luca Borgogno, the design director of Pininfarina, the Pura Vision model was inspired by Italy’s top yachts, trying to bridge the gap between Lamborghini Urus and Panamera Sport Turismo, and the interior of the car will be fully customized.

At the same time, the Pura Vision production model will be equipped with 24-inch wheels, and the power will be driven by four wheel motors. The maximum output power can reach 1014 horsepower, the acceleration time from 0 to 96 km/h is less than 3 seconds, the maximum speed can reach 290km/h, and the maximum cruising range is 550km. The price of the new car is expected to be around 250,000 pounds (about 2.24 million yuan). (Source: First Electric)

12. Mercedes -AMG One will be released in 2020.

As the technical flagship of Mercedes-Benz road car, Mercedes -AMG One will be officially released at the end of 2020. Six-time world champion Louis Hamilton has taken the lead in experiencing this road supercar closest to Formula One racing. It is reported that the new car will be assembled in the Mercedes -AMG high-performance powertrain factory in Worth, Briks, UK, with a starting price of 2.4 million pounds (about 20.932 million RMB). The competitors are locked in LaFerrari and the upcoming Valkyrie in aston martin.

Mercedes -AMG One is equipped with a plug-in hybrid powertrain consisting of a 1.6-liter turbocharged V6 engine and four electric motors, with a maximum output of 986 horsepower. This V6 engine has won the title of driver and F1 champion for Mercedes team for six consecutive times since 2014. On Mercedes -AMG One, the speed of red line is 11,000 rpm, which is lower than the speed of racing car (the upper limit is 15,000 rpm, but it rarely exceeds 13,000 rpm). (Source: Sina Auto)

13. Brand-new E-Pace reloading PTA platform

Under the global wave of car electrification, Jaguar’s entry-level SUV model E-Pace ushered in a major upgrade only two years after its release. The new Jaguar E-Pace will be equipped with a fully upgraded PTA platform, providing a mild hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrain for the first time. Although the appearance change is relatively small, the in-car technology will take a big step forward and is expected to be officially released by the end of 2020.

The biggest change of the new Jaguar E-Pace will be the replacement of Jaguar Land Rover’s PTA (Premium Transverse Architecture), just like the discovery of Miracle. PTA architecture is a comprehensive upgraded version of the previous D8 architecture, and the same platform is also built with Discovery Divine and evoque, so that E-Pace can be equipped with electric powertrain. (Source: Sina Auto)

14. OceanForce-E hard-core electric SUV will be launched soon.

Earlier this month, Fisker revealed the hard-core version of the upcoming Ocean SUV. At present, Tesla has no plans to build a pure electric hard-core SUV, and the hard-core electric SUV will be a broad market. Fisker is working hard for this and will launch the Fisker Ocean Force-E off-road kit version based on the Fisker Ocean standard version. In the future, it will be sold to the team as a rescue vehicle, and even a military version of the electric SUV will be launched.

The appearance of Fisker Ocean Force-E looks very hard. It is hard to imagine that it is a pure electric off-road vehicle. The off-road kit added includes suspension upgrade, off-road vehicle wheels and wheels, headlights attached to the lower bumper, headlight protection bar, front trailer hook, roof rack with integrated lighting, full-size spare tire, lower front protective pedal and more durable interior. There is even a big drinking water tank with a faucet in it. Fisker did not disclose the details of the interior. (Source: Auto Expo)

15. Red Flag HS5 will push the hybrid version.

Hongqi HS5 is its best-selling SUV model, which is currently equipped with 2.0T+6AT fuel power. Recently, the online auto market learned that Hongqi HS5 will add a 48V light-mixed vehicle with a 2.0T engine to match the AT gearbox. The new car is expected to be officially put on the market during the year. In the medium-sized SUV market, there are not many models equipped with 48V light hybrid, and only evoque and Range Rover Sport are well known.

Judging from the matching of powertrain, Hongqi HS5 48V light hybrid is still expected to be equipped with the 2.0T engine of the current model, which belongs to the developed 2.0T low-power version, with a maximum power of 165kW and a peak torque of 340N.m. This engine adopts 10 core technologies, such as high compression ratio+Miller cycle combustion, 350bar precise fuel injection, full MAP precise intelligent thermal management technology, two-stage variable displacement oil pump, and electronically controlled high-response double-channel supercharger, and its thermal efficiency reaches 39%. (Source: Online Auto Market)

16. Tesla is considering adding the baby mode function.

Following the addition of Joe Mode in the V10 update in autumn of 2019, a new function-Baby Mode is likely to be added in future software updates, which can make the interior environment quieter. ·(Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, recently confirmed on Twitter that Tesla is considering adding Baby Mode to the existing Joe Mode. (Source: Sina Auto)

Continue reading »